常德市地下水应急水源地应急供水可行性评价及方案研究

寻找地下水应急水源地、建立应急供水机制,是城市发生日常供水障碍时保障居民用水安全、维护社会稳定的重要措施。通过分析常德市规划区水文地质条件,圈定了5个地下水应急水源地,总结了同类型城市地下水应急水源地的选址原则,并从水量、水质、开采能力3个方面对水源地进行了可行性分析。结合现有城市供水管网及地下水开采井保留情况,分别考虑了人均用水量最低标准20 L/d和一般标准50 L/d两种状态下的应急供水方案。应急供水每人20 L/d状态下,保留井的现有供水能力可以满足应急供水需求,而应急供水每人50 L/d状态下,河洑水源地和芦荻山水源地保留井的现有供水能力不足,建议增加开采井以满足应急供水需求。     

常德市地下水应急水源地应急供水可行性评价及方案研究

寻找地下水应急水源地、建立应急供水机制,是城市发生日常供水障碍时保障居民用水安全、维护社会稳定的重要措施。通过分析常德市规划区水文地质条件,圈定了5个地下水应急水源地,总结了同类型城市地下水应急水源地的选址原则,并从水量、水质、开采能力3个方面对水源地进行了可行性分析。结合现有城市供水管网及地下水开采井保留情况,分别考虑了人均用水量最低标准20 L/d和一般标准50 L/d两种状态下的应急供水方案。应急供水每人20 L/d状态下,保留井的现有供水能力可以满足应急供水需求,而应急供水每人50 L/d状态下,河洑水源地和芦荻山水源地保留井的现有供水能力不足,建议增加开采井以满足应急供水需求。     

南水北调进京后怀柔应急水源地地下水资源涵养研究

怀柔应急水源地作为北京最大的应急地下水源地,在连续10多年的干旱期间,为保障城市供水安全做出了巨大贡献。文章在总结怀柔应急水源地10年供水历程的基础上,评价了连续干旱和应急开采条件下区域水资源的变化;结合南水北调进京的契机,从"资源人工回补"和供水系统"热备运行"两方面开展当地地下水资源涵养研究工作,以保障怀柔应急水源地可持续"应急供水"能力,为应对南水北调供水过程中的突发事件,做好水资源战备储备。     

上海市地下水应急水源地规划战略研究

在综合调查分析城市经济发展、城市供水现状及存在的供水隐患等基础上,结合地理位置、城市规划功能区和发展方向,圈定了大型、中型地下水应急水源地数量及布局,结合地下水环境容量评价成果制订了应急开采方案,并对各水源地应急开采方案条件下可能引发的环境地质问题进行了预测评估,为城市应急水源地建设提供了决策依据。     

安徽省重要城市地下水应急供水水源地现状研究

近年来安徽省采取实地调查、资料研编、水量的估算和推算等方法,进行了全省17个重要城市地下水应急供水水源地的调查评价研究工作。在深入分析全省水文地质条件、了解地下水资源的分布规律和开发利用现状、摸清重要城市地下水的赋存条件和富水地带及水源地开采潜力的基础上,提出了地下水应急供水水源地的选择原则、开发利用程序及保护措施;初步选择出远景地下水应急水源地37个,评价总应急供水量116.7~145.2×104m3/d,可供2 224~2 884万人基本生活使用和5 685~7 060万人维持生活使用,为全省各重要城市应急供水机制建设提供可靠的地下水资源保障。     

安徽省主要城市地下水应急水源地建设初步探讨

随着我国城市化进程的加快,城市供水水源遭受突发性污染、遭遇特枯水期等极端情况形成的供水危机逐步显现,而我省在应急水源地建设上的滞后,无疑对建立水资源应急机制、应对突发事件、保持社会稳定是十分不利的。从我省17个主要城市的水文地质条件的初步分析,具备建立地下水应急供水水源地的条件。要加强我省地下水应急水源的研究,查明我省地下水应急水源,联合应急地表水源地,科学地制定供水危机应急预案,以便在各种突发事件引起的供水危机时,保障市民生活用水和饮水安全,维护社会稳定。     

宁阳县城区地下水应急后备水源地研究

开展城市应急后备水源地调查研究,对于提高加强城市地下水资源储备,提高城市在特枯年或连续干旱年及污染事件突发时的供水能力,提高饮用水安全保证程度,构建水资源战略储备及保障体系,保障城市供水安全具有重要现实意义。着重研究分析宁阳县地下水富水地段,充分挖掘现有地下水水源地的资源潜力,提出应急供水水源地位置及概算了可供水量。     

广州市花都区地下水应急水源地研究

广州市花都区地下水资源较丰富,根据地下水的赋存条件,地下水类型划分为松散岩类孔隙水、碳酸盐岩裂隙岩溶水、红层孔隙裂隙水、层状岩类裂隙水及块状岩类裂隙水。其中供水意义较大的地下水类型为松散岩类孔隙水和碳酸盐岩裂隙溶洞水。依据应急水源地圈定依据,圈定四处地下水应急水源地,对潜在供水能力、水质及地下水开采风险进行评价。结果显示:各应急水源地地下水水质总体良好,经相应处理后可满足应急供水水质需求,地地下水开采风险主要有地质灾害风险、地下水污染风险及开采技术风险。应急状态下,各水源地地下水总允许开采资源为72 119.13 m^3/d,可满足花都区63.86%常住人口的应急供水。     

山东济宁组群结构大城市地下水资源评价和应急供水探讨

阐述了济宁组群结构大城市地下水资源量与开发利用现状,指出因开采地下水产生的环境地质问题,根据现有水源地的开采潜力分析,提出河里、双庙、石桥、大南铺-新驿和济宁城区水源地适宜作为应急供水水源,并采用不同方法计算了应急供水总量.当济宁市城区水源地无法供水时,在无新增供水水源的情况下,其它应急水源地的供水保证程度(按2010年规划需水量计算)为60%,可基本满足城市生活供水需求.     

地下水应急水源地综合研究——以唐山市平原区为例

为规范地下水应急水源地勘查、评价和研究内容及程序,以唐山市平原区地下水应急水源地为例,运用综合分析和数值模拟法,针对应急水源地的供水特征和生态环境约束,总结了地下水应急水源地的选址原则,探讨了地下水应急水源地研究内容和研究步骤,提出了地下水应急开采量概念。通过研究查明了水文地质条件,确定应急水源地位置;建立了地下水流模型;以地质环境为约束,以可持续开发利用为前提条件,评价了应急开采量和地下水资源恢复能力。对唐山市平原区地下水应急水源地的研究表明,该水源地距离现有水源地较远,水文地质条件、补给条件和水质较好,地下水应急水源地的应急开采量约9×10⁴ m³/d,停采后地下水资源恢复能力较好。研究成果对地下水应急水源地的勘查和评价具有指导意义。     

河北省重要城市地下水应急水源地方案建议

根据河北省水文地质条件和地下水开发利用现状,提出了11个重要城市的的13处地下水应急水源地方案建议,分别给出了具体的应急开采约束条件。对13处拟选应急水源地,平原区采用干扰井群法、山区岩溶水采用大井法、山丘区及盆地区采用补给法与排泄法,评价出最大应急开采总量为155.03×104m3/d。最后分析了应急水源地的恢复能力,提出了保护措施建议。     

Locating suitable sites for the construction of subsurface dams using GIS

Subsurface dams constitute an affordable and effective method for the sustainable development and management of groundwater resources when constructed on suitable sites. Such dams have rarely been constructed in crystalline rock areas and to best of our knowledge, geographic information system (GIS) has never been used in any methodology for locating suitable sites for constructing these dams. This paper presents a new methodology to locate suitable sites for the construction of subsurface dams using GIS software supported by groundwater balance modelling in a study area Boda-Kalvsvik, Sweden. Groundwater resources were calculated based on digitized geological data and assumptions regarding stratigraphic layering taken from well archive data and geological maps. These estimates were then compared with future extractions for domestic water supply using a temporally dynamic water balance model. Suitability analyses for subsurface dams were based on calculated topographic wetness index (TWI) values and geological data, including stratigraphic information. Groundwater balance calculations indicated that many of the most populated areas were susceptible to frequent water supply shortages. Of the 34 sub-catchments within the study area: ten were over-extracted, nine did not have any water supply demand at all, one was self-sufficient and the remaining 14 were able to meet the water supply demand with surplus storage capacity. Six suitable sites for the construction of subsurface dams were suggested in the vicinity of the over-extracted sites based on suitability analysis and groundwater balance estimates. The new methodology shows encouraging results for regions with humid climate but having limited natural water storage capacities. The developed methodology can be used as a preliminary planning step for subsurface dam construction, establishing a base for more detailed field investigations.     

Hydrogeology and groundwater management in a coastal granitic area with steep slopes in Galicia (Spain)

Groundwater availability, management and protection are great challenges for the sustainability of groundwater resources in the scattered rural areas of the Atlantic regions of Europe where groundwater is the only option for water supply. This report presents a hydrogeological study of the coastal granitic area of Oia in northwestern Spain, which has unique geomorphological and hydrogeological features with steep slopes favoring the erosion of the weathered granite. The hydrogeological conceptual model of the study area includes: (1) the regolith layer, which is present only in the flat summit of the mountains; (2) the slope debris and the colluvial deposits, which are present in the intermediate and lowest parts of the hillside; (3) the marine terrace; and (4) the underlying fractured granite. Groundwater recharge from rainfall infiltration varies spatially due to variations in terrain slope, geology and land use. The mean annual recharge estimated with a hydrological water balance model ranges from 75 mm in the steepest zone to 135 mm in the lowest flat areas. Groundwater flows mostly through the regolith and the detrital formations, which have the largest hydraulic conductivities. Groundwater discharges in seepage areas, springs, along the main creeks and into the sea. The conceptual hydrogeological model has been implemented in a groundwater flow model, which later has been used to select the best pumping scenario. Model results show that the future water needs for domestic and tourist water supply can be safely provided with eight pumping wells with a maximum pumping rate of 700 m³/day.

     

榆神矿区的供水水源选择

矿区开发的初期用水可以利用烧变岩地下水,日供水能力约为6万~7万m3/d,中长期供水选择矿区外围的第四系萨拉乌苏组和洛河组地下水。同时,矿井水可以通过自然下渗后补给地下水,丰富地下水资源,保证矿区开发用水和保护环境。      

Emergency Plan for Water Supply in Consecutive Droughts and Sustainable Water Resources Management in Beijing

Beijing, the capital city of China, has suffered from acute water shortage, with only 300 m3/a of water resources available per capita. In addition, Beijing has experienced a prolonged period of consecutive droughts from 1999 to 2010. Water crisis has constrained the socio-economic development of Beijing. Meanwhile, the national "South-to-North Water Transfer"(STNWT) project, which is expected to provide some relief to the water crisis in Beijing, is still under development. In order to ensure the security of water supply in Beijing before the completion of the STNWT project, several measures have been implemented to cope with droughts, including pumping groundwater from emergency well fields,water saving, recycling of water, rain and flood water harvesting, and the diversion of water from neighboring rivers and groundwater basins. Groundwater from four emergency well fields contributes the most to the public and domestic water supplies in Beijing, supplying a total volume of 1.8×10~9 m~3.The water crisis is supposed to be mitigated by the completion of the STNWT project. After the completion of this project, more sustainable management of water resources will be implemented,including the use of aquifers as groundwater reservoirs and conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater resources.     

地下水水质监测与评价

地下水由于分布广、水质好且开发费用低而成为全世界重要的供水水源。中国北方生活供水的一半来自地下水,地下水也是干旱期重要的农业灌溉水源。然而,地下水水质日益面临来自农业、工业和城市污染源的威胁。地下水水质监测是评价水质状况最可靠的方法,并可作为供水水源保护的早期预警系统。它为水管理部门和水用户提供可靠的科学数据以便更好地管理和保护地下水资源。世界上正在执行两个巨大的地下水质监测和评价项目:一个是欧盟的水框架计划;另一个是美国的国家水质评价计划。文章评述了地下水水质监测的现状,介绍了地下水易污性评价、地下水污染源分级和地下水污染风险评价的方法。地下水易污性分区图是土地利用规划和供水水源保护的基础。地下水污染源分级结果为污染源治理提供了优先顺序。地下水污染风险分区图圈划出地下水污染的高风险区,为地下水资源保护和地下水污染监测提供重要的依据。     

Hydrogeochemical investigation in an arid region of Iran (Tabas, Central Iran)

Groundwater is the most important source of water supply in Iran and understanding the geochemical evolution of groundwater is important for sustainable development of the water resources in Tabas area. A total of 29 samples of groundwater in Tabas area have been analyzed for ions and major elements. Groundwater of the study area is characterized by the dominance of Na–Cl water type. Groundwater was generally acidic to high alkaline with pH ranging from 5.42 to 10.75. The TDS as a function of mineralization characteristics of the groundwater ranged from 479 to 10,957 mg/l, with a mean value of 2,759 mg/l. The Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, SO₄ ^2? and HCO₃ ^? were mainly derived from the dissolution of calcite, dolomite and gypsum. The Cu, Pb and Zn ions are not mobile in recent pH–Eh, but these conditions controlled dissolved Se, V and Mo in groundwater. The As is released in groundwater as a result of the weathering of sulfide minerals like arsenopyrite.