青藏高原湖泊沉积物硫酸盐还原菌种群分布

采用聚合酶链式反应(PCR,Polymerase Chain Reaction)、变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE,Denaturing Gra-dient Gel Electrophoresis)与实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Q-PCR,Quantitative PCR)相结合的综合分析技术,研究了青藏高原洱海、青海湖、尕海1、尕海2、小柴旦湖沉积物硫酸盐还原菌多样性及丰度。研究结果显示,5个盐湖沉积物中dsrB(编码亚硫酸还原酶β亚基,为硫酸盐还原菌所共有)基因的丰度为每克沉积物1.71×108～1.55×109拷贝,与盐度无明显相关性;所获得的dsrB基因序列分属于3个科:Desulfobacter-aceae,Desulfobulbaceae和Peptococcaceae。其中,Desulfobacteraceae科是主要类群。硫酸盐还原菌多样性(DGGE结果)与盐度呈现出负相关性。故在所研究的盐湖中,盐度可能不是影响硫酸盐还原菌种群分布的唯一因素,可能还受其它未知环境因素的影响,有待于进一步研究。     

南极菲尔德斯半岛南部近岸水域中粪大肠菌群分布的初步研究

本文采用发酵法对菲尔德斯半岛南部近海水域表层中粪大肠菌群数量进行了初步调查。结果表明 ,在近岸表层海水中 ,粪大肠菌群检出数密度最大的 40个 /升 ,一般是 2 0个 /升 ,密度最小的小于 2 0个 /升 ,后者占多数站位。排污口潮间带 1月份粪大肠菌群检出数 40个 /升 ,3月份 2 80 0个 /升。粪大肠菌群的分布 ,离岸越近数量越高 ,同频繁的人类活动有密切关系。由此看来菲尔德斯半岛南部近岸水体已受生活污水污染 ,尚属轻度污染。但排污口潮间带的污染趋势应引起我们重视     

楚科奇海和白令海的海洋低温微生物调查

在 1 999年北极夏季期间对楚科奇海和白令海的海洋低温微生物进行了调查。在楚科奇海 ,海洋细菌和海洋真菌的检出率分别为 1 0 0 %和 >94% ,其相应的总量一般分别为 >1 0 3 cells/cm3 和 1 0 1— 1 0 3 cells/cm3 ;在大多数站位 ,海洋细菌的总量通常都高于海洋真菌的总量 ;从表层至 1 0 m或 3 0 m深层的海水区域 ,分布有丰富的海洋微生物。调查结果还显示 ,不同站位间的海洋微生物总量存在明显差异 ,海冰的融化和海水中的盐度可能是影响这一海区海洋微生物总量的重要因素。在白令海 ,海洋细菌的检出率为 1 0 0 % ,其总量一般在 1 0 2 — 1 0 3 cells/cm3 ;海洋真菌的检出率 >84% ,其总量一般也在 1 0 2 — 1 0 3 cells/cm3 。白令海不同站位间的海洋微生物总量也存在较大的差异。调查结果证实在楚科奇海和白令海的确存在大量的低温海洋微生物 ,在所研究的海洋细菌中 ,分别有 81 %的楚科奇海细菌和 88.9%的白令海细菌能够在低温条件下 (<1 0℃ )良好生长 ,而且有部分菌株能够在低温条件下分解利用淀粉或纤维素等多糖物质以满足自身生长的营养需求。这些海洋低温菌株为进一步开发利用这些海域的海洋微生物资源提供了充足的材料     

Evaluation of Seasonal Changes in Physico-chemical and Bacteriological Characteristics of Water from the Narmada River (India) Using Multivariate Analysis

The river Narmada is a major source of fresh water for the highly populated areas, predominantly the rural populations in Madhya Pradesh (Central India) and Gujarat (Western India). Modernization and industrialization in these areas have become a matter of concern due to changing environment and increasing social activities that influence the quality of water directly or indirectly. This investigation was undertaken to evaluate the quality of water along the banks of the river Narmada at different sampling sites using physico-chemical and bacteriological methods. The samples collected were analyzed per standard method parameters and were measured in situ. The correlation matrix indicated strong mutual dependency between the measured parameters (P < 0.05). Principal components analysis of the data indicates that two components (PC1 and PC2) influence the water quality to the extent of 57.4, 64.5 and 61.0% during rainy, winter and summer seasons, respectively. The mean values of the physico-chemical parameters of the river water samples were consistently higher than the levels certified by the World Health Organization and other regulatory bodies as polluted water. The presence of coliform bacteria in the water samples warrants for proper measures to reduce the pollution at point sources and requires proper remediation strategies to combat contamination in the river water.     

2011年夏季北极王湾细菌群落结构分析及浮游细菌丰度检测

采用PCR-DGGE方法,对2011年夏季北极王湾表层海水及沉积物细菌的群落分析结果表明,沉积物中的细菌多样性指数高于海水。深水站位(S1和S3)的沉积物细菌群落不但与浮游细菌群落存在差异,并且与浅水站位(S5)也存在差异。位于湾口、湾内的浮游细菌群落组成也存在一定差异。测序结果显示,王湾海洋细菌的多样性组成包括α-变形细菌、γ-变形细菌、δ-变形细菌、放线菌、拟杆菌及厚壁菌等类群。基于定量PCR方法的检测结果表明,位于湾口、湾内的浮游细菌丰度相似,但湾内玫瑰杆菌支系的丰度明显低于湾口。研究结果表明,与湾口相比,王湾湾内的细菌群落受陆源性淡水输入的影响明显,不但表现在细菌群落的多样性组成上,也表现在某些特定细菌类群的数量分布上。     

北极斯瓦尔巴群岛冰川流域可培养细菌的系统发育多样性及固氮菌初步研究

从北极斯瓦尔巴群岛冰川流域的上、中、下游采集了5种代表性土壤和冰川融水样品(MT、AT、TN、BT、MS),采用常规LB和严格无氮培养基低温培养方法,对其中的可培养细菌和潜在固氮细菌进行了总菌计数以及菌株的富集、分离与纯化。经菌落菌体形态观察、16S r RNA基因初步测序排重、固氮基因nif H的PCR检测,分别选取48株可培养分离细菌和31株潜在固氮菌进行了基于16S r RNA基因全序列测定的系统发育分析。目的是初步了解该特殊生境中可培养细菌(包括潜在固氮菌)的多样性及其分布状况,为进一步研究它们在此生境中的生态功能奠定基础。实验结果表明,可培养细菌在5个采集样品中的总菌数为BTTNATMT=MS,严格无氮培养基分离菌总菌数为BTATMTTNMS。48株可培养代表菌分属于Proteobacteria、Actinobacteria、Bacteroidetes、Firmicutes 4个门的7纲、14属之中,它们在5个样品中的多样性程度为BT(6纲、6属)MT(4纲、6属)AT、MS(均为3纲、3属)TN(2纲、3属),优势菌群主要分布在γ-proteobacteria纲的Pseudomonas属(20.8%,集中在AT、BT、MS样品中)和β-proteobacteria纲的Janthinobacterium属(35.4%,集中在MS样品中),表现出一定程度的系统发育多样性。潜在固氮菌实验结果表明,能在严格无氮培养基上生长且可检测到nif H的31株代表菌具有极为单一的系统发育多样性。其中90.32%菌株集中在γ-proteobacteria纲的Pseudomonas属,仅在MT和MS样品中有3株菌分布在α-proteobacteria纲的Rhizobium属、β-proteobacteria纲的Janthinobacterium属和Actinobacteria纲的Arthrobacter属,它们与分离自其他极端环境的相关标准菌株具有高度16S r RNA基因同源性。另外,本实验还发现有8株菌的16S r RNA基因序列与相关标准菌株的相似度低于98.50%,推测它们具有成为该特殊生境下新种的潜质。     

氮肥及秸秆有益于提高设施番茄土壤芽孢杆菌及假单胞菌的种群数量

Root zone N management can reduce N fertilizer input and avoid nitrate pollution in greenhouse tomato production; however, little information is available on how reduced N affects soil microbes, especially dominant bacteria populations in long-term continuous greenhouse systems. This study investigated the effects of different combinations of N and straw on the population size of soil total bacteria and two dominant bacteria (Pseudomonas spp. and Bacillus spp.), and microbial community structure in a 6-year greenhouse tomato trial. The treatments were basal fertilizer (10 t ha-1 chicken manure; control), conventional high N treatment [600 kg N ha-1], conventional high N treatment with wheat straw, reduced N treatment [300 kg N ha-1 less than conventional], and reduced N treatment with wheat straw. Six years of reduced mineral N fertilization did not lead to a decrease in fruit yield. Both mineral N fertilizer and straw increased the numbers of soil bacteria (Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp.) compared with the control, but the numbers were not affected by the amount of mineral N fertilizer (high vs reduced). Different denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis patterns were evidence that soil bacterial communities were changed by N treatments and straw application, but little difference in bacterial diversity was detected between high N and reduced N treatments. These results indicated that a reduction in N fertilizer input was possible in greenhouse tomato production and was beneficial in sustainable agriculture.     

南极阿德雷岛淡水湖沉积物细菌群落研究

应用样品直接稀释涂布平板法,从南极阿德雷岛淡水湖沉积物中分离得到34株菌,并进行了生理生化性质检测。根据其16SrDNA全长序列所进行的系统发育分析表明,分离菌株分属于革兰氏阳性菌:节杆菌(Arthrobacter)、红球菌(Rhodococcus)、葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus);gamma-变形细菌(gamma-proteobacteria):假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)、不动杆菌(Acinetobacter)、寡养单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas);beta-变形细菌(beta-proteobacteria):紫色杆菌(Janthinobacterium);拟杆菌门(Cytophaga-Flexibacteria-Bacteroides):假结核棒杆菌(Cytophaga)、土地杆菌(Pedobacter)等9个属。分离的菌株在4℃条件下能产生多种大分子物质水解酶类,其中32%的菌株能产生脂肪酶,18%的菌能够水解明胶或者产生卵磷脂酶。同时对沉积物垂直方向的可培养细菌生物量进行了分析,表明阿德雷岛企鹅排泄物输入量对微生物分布有较大影响。     

A Meta-analysis of the Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on the Soil Microbial Community

In order to investigate the general tendency of soil microbial community responses to fertilizers, a meta-analysis approach was used to synthesise observations on the effects of inorganic and organic fertilizer addition (N: nitrogen; P: phosphorus; NP: nitrogen and phosphorus; PK: phosphorus and potassium; NPK: nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium; OF: organic fertilizer; OF+NPK: organic fertilizer plus NPK) on soil microbial communities. Among the various studies, PK, NPK, OF and OF+NPK addition increased total phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) by 52.0%, 19.5%, 334.3% and 58.3%, respectively; while NP, OF and OF+NPK addition increased fungi by 5.6%, 21.0% and 8.2%, respectively. NP, NPK and OF addition increased bacteria by 6.4%, 9.8% and 13.3%, respectively; while NP and NPK addition increased actinomycetes by 7.0% and 14.8%, respectively. Addition of ammonium nitrate rather than urea decreased gram-negative bacteria (G ^-). N addition increased total PLFA、bacteria and actinomycetes in croplands, but decreased fungi and bacteria in forests, and the F/B ratio in grasslands. NPK addition increased total PLFA in forests but not in croplands. The N addition rate was positively correlated with the effects of N addition on gram-positive bacteria (G ⁺) and G ^-. Therefore, different fertilizers appear to have different effects on the soil microbial community. Organic fertilizers can have a greater positive effect on the soil microbial community than inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilizers on the soil microbial community varied with ecosystem types. The effect of N addition on the soil microbial community was related to both the forms of nitrogen that were added and the nitrogen addition rate.     

Effects of intercropping on rhizosphere soil microorganisms and root exudates of Lanzhou lily(Lilium davidii var. unicolor)

Both yield and quality of Lanzhou lily(Lilium davidii var. unicolor) are seriously affected by continuous cropping. We attempted to understand the effects of intercropping on the obstacles associated with continuous cropping of Lanzhou lily(Lilium davidii var. unicolor). The changes of rhizosphere microbial biomass and diversity in interplanting and monoculturing systems were studied by using the Illumina Hi Seq sequencing technique. The contents and composition of lily root exudates were measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometer(GC–MS). The intercropping results of Lanzhou lily showed:(1) There was no difference in the composition of the rhizosphere soil microbes at the phylum level, but the relative abundance of the microbes decreased; and the relative abundance of harmful fungi such as Fusarium sp. increased. The relative abundance of Pleosporales sp. and other beneficial bacteria were reduced. After OTU(operational taxonomic unit)clustering, there were some beneficial bacteria, such as Chaetomium sp., in the lily rhizosphere soil in the interplanting system that had not existed in the single-cropping system. We did not find harmful bacteria that had existed in the single-cropping systm in the rhizosphere soil of interplanting system. The above results indicated that the changes of relative abundance of soil fungi and bacteria in lily rhizosphere soil was not conducive to improving the ecological structure of rhizosphere soil microbes. At the same time, the microbial composition change is very complex—beneficial and yet inadequate at the same time.(2) Root exudates provide a matrix for the growth of microorganisms. Combined with the detection of root exudates, the decrease in the composition of the root exudates of the lily was probably the reason for the decrease of the relative abundance of microbes after intercropping. At the same time, the decrease of the relative content of phenolic compounds, which inhibit the growth of microorganisms, did not increase the relative content of rhizosphere soil microorganisms. Changes in amino acids and total sugars may be responsible for the growth of Fusarium sp.. The results showed that the intercropping pattern did not noticeably alleviate the obstacle to continuous cropping of Lanzhou lily, and the change of microbial biomass and diversity was even unfavorable. However, the emergence of some beneficial bacteria, the disappearance of harmful fungi, and other changes with intercropping are in favor of alleviation of obstacles to continuous cropping of Lanzhou lily.     

2012年夏季北极浮冰生物群落结构及垂直分布特征研究

海冰生物群落是北极生态系统的重要组成部分,在北冰洋初级生产和碳循环中扮演着重要角色。本文利用荧光显微分析技术对2012年度夏季采集于北冰洋中心区的浮冰生物群落进行了分析,结果显示：柱总生物量平均为105.85±53.41 mgC •m^-2,其中细菌占生物量的47.2%,而后依次是硅藻（26.7%）,鞭毛虫（18.2%）,鞭毛藻（6.9%）和纤毛虫（1.0%）。最高纬站位（123°43.454′E 87°39.598′N）出现冰底鞭毛藻藻华现象,生物量可达329.6 μg C•L^-1,该站位生物群落处于硅藻藻华后期,海冰上层存在较大程度的融冰作用,底部冰芯营养盐N/P比较高,可能形成有利于鞭毛藻生长的小生境。与已有研究结果的对比表明,近年来夏季北极海冰的快速融化对浮冰生物群落结构产生了明显影响,异养类群生物量升高,细菌取代硅藻成为优势类群。     

氮添加降低了半干旱草原土壤呼吸但未改变其温度敏感性

半干旱生态系统土壤呼吸(Rs)对氮添加的响应机制仍有待探索。本研究在中国半干旱草原设置不同氮添加水平(0、2、4、8、16、32 gN m-2 yr-1),测定土壤呼吸速率、土壤温湿度、微生物磷脂脂肪酸、土壤理化性质与地上生物量等指标,探讨氮添加对土壤呼吸及其温度敏感性(Q10)的影响。结果表明:氮添加显著增加了土壤可溶性有机碳(DOC)和无机氮(IN)的含量,降低了土壤pH值,对地上生物量(ABM)无显著影响。氮添加降低了磷脂脂肪酸(PLFAs)的总量,降低了真菌细菌比(F:B),提高了革兰氏阳性阴性菌比(G+:G–)。氮添加显著降低了土壤呼吸,N2、N4、N8、N16和N32处理下的土壤呼吸分别比对照N0变化了–2.58%、14.86%、22.62%、23.97%和19.87%,结构方程模型表明,氮添加通过降低PLFAs总量和改变微生物组成降低土壤呼吸。氮添加对温度敏感性(Q10)、土壤总有机碳(TOC)和总氮(TN)的影响均不显著,表明氮添加减轻了土壤碳的损失,且不会改变全球变暖背景下土壤有机碳矿化的潜力。     

内蒙古河套灌区湿地芦苇根际可培养细菌多样性

以内蒙古河套灌区湿地植物芦苇(Phragmites australis)根际土壤为材料,采用分离培养法对天然湿地和退化湿地的芦苇根际细菌多样性进行了研究。16SrRNA基因系统发育分析的结果显示,分离自天然湿地芦苇根际的45株细菌分属于γ-变形菌纲(44.44%)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)(42.22%)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)(13.33%)3大类群,其中,γ-变形菌纲为最优势类群,芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)(42.2%)为最优势菌属;分离自退化湿地芦苇根际的44株细菌分属γ-变形菌纲(13.63%)、β-变形菌纲(6.82%)、厚壁菌门(47.73%)及放线菌门(Actino-bacteria)(31.82%)4大类群,其中厚壁菌门为最优势类群,芽孢杆菌属(40.9%)为最优势菌属。研究结果表明,天然湿地和退化湿地芦苇根际细菌都具有较丰富的多样性,但天然湿地与退化湿地芦苇根际细菌群落结构存在一定差异。     

北极海域优势种微单胞藻(Micromonas sp.)与其关联菌群的相互作用

以夏季北极海域的优势微藻-微单胞藻(Micromonas sp.,CMPP2099)及其关联菌群为切入点,对这两个重要生态学角色之间的相互关系进行了探索研究。实验选择两种不同生长状态的微单胞藻(指数生长期和稳定生长期);并针对微单胞藻的这两种生长状态,添加外源细菌(单一外源细菌和自然外源细菌)作为实验组。研究发现,无论添加细菌与否,都不会对微单胞藻的生长产生影响,微单胞藻均保持着正常稳定的生长状态,且微单胞藻能够促进细菌的增长。稳定生长期实验组的细菌数量明显高于指数生长期的细菌数量。微单胞藻由于其不具胶体形成的细胞特性,在藻菌共生中并没有发现透明胞外聚合颗粒物(transparent exopolymer particles,TEP)大量存在。添加外源细菌对培养液中的微单胞藻生长、细菌的数量、溶解有机碳(dissolved organic carbon,DOC)、透明胞外聚合颗粒物(TEP)和溶解游离氨基酸(dissovled free amino acid,DFAA)的浓度并无影响,而仅仅由于其所在状态不同存在着差异。该研究初次开展的北极中心海域优势藻种及关联菌群之间关系研究,对极地海洋生态系统中的微食物环有着重要的意义,并为在极地海域中的微食物环-优势浮游植物-微生物种群之间的生态协作提供了实验和理论依据。     

南极菲尔德斯半岛微生物总量的调查

在南极菲尔德斯半岛进行了微生物总菌量的调查。共收集样品３５个（以土壤样品为主），从这些样品中计数得到一般细菌总量范围为：１０３－１０６ｃｅｌｓ／ｇ（３０°Ｃ），１０４－１０６ｃｅｌｓ／ｇ（１６°Ｃ），１０４－１０６ｃｅｌｓ／ｇ（４°Ｃ）；一般真菌总量范围为：１０２－１０３ｃｅｌｓ／ｇ（３０°Ｃ），１０２－１０３ｃｅｌｓ／ｇ（１６°Ｃ），１０３ｃｅｌｓ／ｇ（４°Ｃ）。初步鉴定细菌有７个属：微球菌属，葡萄球菌属，节细菌属，黄杆菌属，产碱菌属，假单胞菌属，芽孢杆菌属。真菌有５个属：青霉菌属，金孢霉菌属，枝孢霉菌属，曲霉菌属，散子囊菌属。特别是在绝大多数样品中４°Ｃ下培养的一般细菌与真菌总量明显高于３０°Ｃ下培养的菌量，同时离半岛海岸线近的地区菌量也高于半岛内陆地区的菌量。在该地区，４°Ｃ下培养的低温菌出现率主要是假单胞菌属（６９％），芽孢杆菌属（５４％），青霉菌属（４６％），曲霉菌属（１７％）。     

南极罗斯海沉积物中可培养菌株的分离及胞外水解酶活性检测

研究了南极罗斯海地区沉积物中可培养微生物多样性,并检测了菌株胞外酶活性,为开发利用南极资源奠定基础。采用Zobell2216E培养基、土豆培养基(PDA)及稀释平板划线法分离并获得纯培养的细菌和真菌,分别通过16SrDNA、18S/ITS序列鉴定分析了可培养微生物的多样性和系统发育。从南极罗斯海沉积物样品中获得78株细菌和54株真菌,细菌、真菌的优势菌株分别为嗜冷杆菌属(Psychrobacter)、枝孢属(Cladosporium);78株细菌菌株中有2株与模式菌株的16SrDNA基因序列相似性小于97%,可能是潜在的细菌新物种。细菌API20NE生理生化和真菌产胞外酶活性结果表明,获得的细菌和真菌大多数可检测到胞外水解酶活性。本研究丰富了南极可培养微生物资源,为南极罗斯海地区可培养微生物的多样性研究以及南极微生物资源的应用研究奠定了基础。     

夏季北冰洋楚科奇海微微型、微型浮游植物和细菌的丰度分布特征及其与水团的关系

本文利用2008年我国第三次北极科学考察的机会,分析了夏季楚科奇海微微型、微型浮游植物和细菌丰度的分布特征,并探讨了它们与楚科奇海水团之间的关系。结果表明：与北冰洋的其它海域相比,楚科奇海的微型浮游植物丰度相对较高（0.03~10.23×103 cells/mL）,微微型浮游植物则大致相同（0.01~2.21×103 cells/mL）,而浮游细菌丰度明显较高（0.21~9.61×106 cells/mL）。白令海陆架水与海冰融化混合水和阿纳德尔水浮游植物群落结构不同,夏季随着太平洋水入流水对楚科奇海的日益影响,其水体本身的群落结构可能被外来群落替代。     

Lithium-bearing brines in the Daldyno-Alakatsky district (Western Yakutia)

Presented are the results from investigating the regularities of lithium distribution in salt waters and brines of the Daldyno-Alakatsky district (Western Yakutia). It is established that lithium concentration in the groundwater under investigation exceeds many times (by factors of 10 to 20) the concentration contents, according to which the waters can be assigned to industrial waters. Both subsurface and drainage brines are equally suited as raw materials for extraction of lithium.     

Isolation of novel psychrophilic bacteria from Arctic sea ice

The phylogenetic diversity of culturable psychrophilic bacteria associ ated with sea ice from the high latitude regions of Canadian Basin and Chukchi S ea,Arctic,was investigated.A total of 34 psychropilic strains were isolated u sing three methods of(Ⅰ)dilution plating(at 4 ℃),(Ⅱ)bath culturing(at-1 ℃)and dilution plating,and(Ⅲ)cold shock(-20 ℃ for 24 h),bath culturin g and dilution plating under aerobic conditions.Sea-ice samples were exposed to-20 ℃ for 24 h that might reduce the number of common microorganisms and encou rag e outgrowth of psychrophilic strains.This process might be able to be introduce d to isolation psychrophilic bacteria from other environmental samples in future study.16S rDNA nearly full-length sequence analysis revealed that psychrophil i c strains felled in two phylogenetic divisions,γ-proteobacteria(in the gen era Colwellia、Marinobacter、Shewanella、Glaciecola、Marinomonas and Pseudoalt eromon as) and Cytophaga-Flexibacter-Bacteroides(Flavobacterium and Psychrof lexus).Fi fteen of bacterial isolates quite likely represented novel species(16S rDNA seq uence similarity below 98%).One of strains(BSi20002)from Canadian Basin showe d 100% sequence similarity to that of Marinobacter sp.ANT8277 isolated from the Antarctic Weddell sea ice,suggesting bacteria may have a bipolar distribution at the species level.     

用Delphi开发新疆地区棉铃虫测报数据库管理系统

以棉花三种害虫．棉叶螨、棉蚜、棉铃虫．测报的国家标准为基础,结合新疆地区棉花生产过程中这三种害虫发生的实际情况,建立新疆疆棉花害虫基数调查网络数据库,数据库包括：棉叶螨子数据库(3张数据表)、棉蚜子数据库(4张数据表)和棉铃虫子数据库(6张数据表)。基于局域环境构建了C／S结构的应用程序体系,实现了棉叶螨、棉蚜和棉铃虫基数调查的数据维护、查询、统计等功能。棉花害虫基数调查网络数据库的建立和C／S应用系统的实现,为棉花害虫区域化测报和管理提供厂强大的数据支持。