痕迹组构的概念、型式与分析

扼要介绍和论述了痕迹组构的概念、复合型式、痕迹分层、梯阶类型或结构模式以及痕迹组构的一般描述方法等内容。     

Similarity-based approaches in hydrogeology: proposal of a new concept for data-scarce groundwater resource characterization and prediction

Hydrogeology Journal - A new concept is proposed for describing, analysing and predicting the dynamic behaviour of groundwater resources based on classification and similarity. The concept makes...     

The concept of a bilayer hydrosphere: From the origins to the methodological approaches

This paper considers the results of development of the bilayer hydrosphere concept of the Earth offered by the author in 2000. The bilayering concept is logically based on the classical works in the field of geochemistry and is in the context of mid-twentieth century studies on the structure of the biosphere. The research methods based on this concept are interdisciplinary in nature and make it possible to unify and thereby to facilitate the solution of many problems in the field of oceanology, hydrology and other geographic sciences related to geochemistry.     

Evolution of the space concept in locational theories of intraurban economic activity

The concept of space is fundamental to various theories on the organization of intraurban economic activities. This concept has evolved from the totalitarian perspective of Greek philosophers into the contemporary space–time dichotomy. Through examining the historical concepts of space, the most significant limits of organizational theories regarding economic activity may be identified. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to analyze the evolution of the concept of space in addition to the relationship of this concept with different theories on the organization of intraurban economic activities. New reflections on the concept of space are presented in order to provide insight into future directions and perspectives in the analysis of urban space. Finally, this article explores the contemporary space–time dichotomy as applied to the organization of economic activities in the city and reflects upon space as an active, dynamic, and biased factor in such organization.     

A concept of correction functions to account for non-associative characteristics of geologic media

A new and simple concept based on the idea of correcting for non-associative characteristics of (geologic) media is presented. A special form of the concept is adopted and introduced in a critical state plasticity model. An example problem of behaviour of a soil tested under triaxial conditions is included. The concept can permit a simplified treatment of non-associativeness and under certain assumptions can allow use of existing formulations of plasticity by maintaining symmetry of the associated matrices.     

论勘查地球化学区域模式及找矿意义

本文的主要目的是把地球化学块体概念、地球化学场概念及地球化学异常概念的异同性及空间关系进行比较,供读者加以参考。并从它们的基本概念开始论述,然后自内涵的相同与不同、以及在生产实践中的意义方面总结了3个勘查地球化学模式的区别与内在的联系;最后总结它们在地质找矿中的意义。     

A poly morphological landform approach for hydrogeological applications in heterogeneous glacial sediments

The ‘poly morphological (PM) concept’ is used to assess geological heterogeneity in glacial sediments and to evaluate groundwater recharge to aquifers, especially those underlying clay till. The novelty of the PM concept is that it enhances the knowledge of, especially, heterogeneity of till units in geological models by using superimposed geomorphological units with typical sediment types related to the individual landforms. The PM concept is demonstrated through the construction of a poly morphological map for Zealand in Denmark and an aggregated map comparing clay-till-thickness distribution within individual PM types. The hydrogeological applicability of the PM concept was tested with a physical-based distributed 3D hydrological model. The aggregated PM map was compared with fracture and redox conditions at 21 field sites to evaluate the PM-type correlation to: (1) till thickness, (2) thickness of the reduced-till zone, and (3) depth to the zone with fracture spacing >1 m The results show that the till thickness is a critical parameter for the formation of fracture networks in clay till, and that fracture density decreases in till thicker than 8–10 m. However, the amount of data is still inadequate for statistically proving the PM concept.     

纳米结构矿物的特殊结构和表-界面反应性

纳米矿物是纳米地球科学（Nanogeoscience）的核心研究对象之一.鉴于"纳米矿物"的概念在实际运用时较宽泛,有时与经典定义不符,建议用"纳米结构矿物"代替"纳米矿物",并简析了纳米结构矿物（Nanostructured Minerals）的概念.以管状纳米结构矿物（埃洛石和伊毛缟石）、球状纳米结构矿物（水铝英石）、层间纳米结构矿物（蒙脱石和伊/蒙混层矿物）和多孔纳米结构矿物（硅藻质蛋白石）为例,分析了纳米结构矿物的结构、表面基团的特殊性及其所衍生的特殊界面反应性,讨论了它们对矿物资源利用和油气生成等地球物质循环过程的重要意义.      

Use of fully softened shear strength in slope stability analysis

Fully softened shear strength is an important empirical engineering concept for slope stability analyses of cuts in stiff clays and compacted embankments constructed of high-plasticity clays. This concept has been used to explain many first-time failures for which the back calculated shear strength is below the peak strength measured in the laboratory. A comprehensive review of case histories and laboratory studies related to fully softened shear strength was used to assess the application of this concept. The case history data were also used to provide guidelines on the soil types for which fully softened shear strength is appropriate, how and when this shear strength should be used in slope stability analysis, and how the fully softened failure envelope should be characterized. This paper contains specific guidelines on when and how the fully softened shear strength concept should be used in slope stability analyses.     

Concept for near-natural storm water control in urban areas

Storm water control in urban areas helps to conserve the natural water balance and to protect soil and groundwater from hazardous substances. This paper introduces the concept for a near-natural storm water control system, including an associated decision-making chart. In this concept, the quantitative aspects of storm water infiltration are checked first. All important factors and their parameters, which enable a judgement on the tolerance of rising groundwater levels, are identified and evaluated. If the predicted rise in groundwater level is considered tolerable, the qualitative aspects of storm water infiltration are then checked. Again, all important factors and their parameters, which enable a judgement on the hazards to the soil and groundwater, are identified and evaluated. The presented concept also includes recommendations and demonstrates alternative control systems. Urban planners and public authorities are regarded as potential users of this concept.     

Conceptual knowledge processing and graphical representation of multidimensional atmospheric ozone data

The purpose of this paper is to visualize atmospheric ozone data using a new knowledge representation method called Formal Concept Analysis. This method is based on the concept of concept and represents data in hierarchical line diagrams combining the logic of implications with statistical frequency analysis and hierarchical search methods.     

Glaukpis - an examination of the relationship between geological laws and literary creation

The present paper is an examination of the relationship between man and the great marine depths, starting from the earliest known myths up to our present-day conception based on scientific evidence. The concept of the abyss and the horror it inspires are investigated from a philosophical and poetic point of view to emphasize the vital importance of such concept in human life.     

近水平红层路堑边坡滑动机理和防治对策

以广南高速宋家坡挖方堑坡岩体失稳为例,提出了近水平岩层的概念,总结了红层近水平岩体堑坡开挖造成部分岩体沿层面失稳的机理,提出了相应的防治方法。对此类工程的勘察、设计和施工具有一定的指导意义。     

浅谈天津市排水规划编制理念

本文简要介绍了天津市排水专项规划编制的必要性、方法、理念及远景展望。希望通过本文,读者能对排水专项规划的编制理念有新的认识和提升,进而对排水规划编制有所帮助。     

河流不连续体概念及其在河流生态系统研究中的发展现状

系统地回顾了序列不连续体概念(SDC)产生与发展的过程以及应用的情况。河流连续体概念对SDC的产生及其最初的形式有着重要的影响。序列不连续体概念的发展经历了最初的形式和扩展形式。利用SDC的扩展形式可以在整个河道内预测由于河流调节所产生的各种不连续生态效应。作为模拟和分析河流再调节计划的理论基础,SDC可以为制订流域新的项目规划以及河流系统整治工作提供指导作用。     

红藻石和蓝藻石概念及分类归属的综述和修订

在分析和总结前人对红藻石和蓝藻石研究成果基础上,结合岩石薄片显微镜下观察实例,发现在以往碳酸盐岩颗粒分类中没有红藻石和蓝藻石的合适位置。鉴于红藻石重要的成因意义和造礁作用,有必要明确红藻石的概念和归属。珊瑚藻本身极易钙化,经生物矿化作用最终保存下来的珊瑚藻屑一直放在生物碎屑中,而红藻石是由非固着的珊瑚藻构成的钙质独立结核,因此也可以被划分到生物碎屑中。蓝藻石作为蓝细菌钙化作用的产物,同时鉴于蓝藻石的广泛存在,把钙化蓝细菌形成的核形石命名为蓝藻石,这一重要概念从提出到现在一直被使用。然而蓝绿藻概念已变更为蓝细菌,蓝藻石的形成与藻类无关,显然将其称作蓝菌石更加确切。因此,应将红藻石和蓝藻石分别归为生物碎屑和核形石当中,并用新的术语蓝菌石替代蓝藻石。其意义在于使红藻石和蓝藻石的概念及归属更为规范,并为碳酸盐岩颗粒的深入研究提供有益线索。     

An intergranular strain concept for material models formulated as rate equations

The intergranular strain concept was originally developed to capture the small-strain behaviour of the soil with hypoplastic models. A change of the deformation direction leads to an increase of the material stiffness. To obtain elastic behaviour for smallstrains, only the elastic part of the material stiffness matrix is used. Two different approaches for an application of this concept to nonhypoplastic models are presented in this article. These approaches differ in the determination of the elastic stress response, which is used for reversible deformations. The first approach determines an elastic response from the original material model, and the second one uses an additional elastic model. Both approaches are applied on barodesy. The simulations are compared with experimental results and with simulations using hypoplastic models with the original intergranular strain concept.     

我国峰林喀斯特的若干问题讨论

根据多年的实践经验并参考了大量的相关文献,系统地论述了我国峰林喀斯特概念的起源、命名、研究简史与研究现状;回顾了“峰林喀斯特同时态系统演化论”的内容与提出过程;阐述了峰林喀斯特的鉴别标准、形成条件,并提出了“喀斯特生成系统”的新概念。尽管峰林与峰丛喀斯特术语从上世纪70年代起便在学术界广泛使用,但到目前为止,其科学概念似乎还不够严谨。为此,在分析喀斯特系统形成基本条件的基础上,提出了从形态特征、生成条件、水文地质属性和分布与生成系统关系等多方面进行系统分析与综合识别的意见,并建议以“喀斯特生成系统”观来深化带有主观意识的“个体形态组合”。与此同时,就我国在峰林与峰丛喀斯特之间的生成关系及其演化认识上仍以Davis的循环论为主导的学术现状,提出了不同的看法,认为在多数情况下,峰林与峰丛是在不同空间与地域上由喀斯特能量（主要是降水）作用的方式（入渗、地面水流）、量级（强、弱）与效果（峰林方向或峰丛方向）分异的结果,二者多具生成系统关系。峰林与峰丛地貌的年青与年老,仅仅表现在形态上,而非在实际年龄上。      

A flow theory for soil: Concept of multiple neutral loading surfaces

A flow theory for soils is proposed which diverts considerably from the classical theory of plasticity. The theory is based on the concept of multiple loading surfaces defining neutral states for which irreversible deformation cease to exist. The constitutive relation has an incremental nature and the ratios of the components of plastic strain rate are functions of both the current stress and the stress rate. The concept of the yield locus is no longer involved in the formulation.