空间太阳望远镜科学卫星

“空间太阳望远镜”是一颗载有口径为1米的主光学望远镜、极紫外望远镜、Ha与白光望远镜和宽带光谱仪及射电频谱仪的科学卫星。它将在距地面730千米轨道的太阳同步轨道上运行,在摆脱了地球大气层影响后,对太阳进行广泛光谱范围和全连续的高空间分辨率高时间分辨率和高频率分辨率的科学探测,为太阳物理研究和空间天气预报提供重要实测数据。     

电话授时系统BCH信道编码技术研究

根据BCH分组码原理,设计了BCH (31,16,7)码的编、解码算法.通过对该分组码在电话信道编码中的MATLAB仿真,验证了在电话授时系统中,是否需要采用该信道编码与所处信道的信噪比有直接关系.在信噪比低于4 dB时,可以不进行信道编码;当信噪比高于4 dB时,对电话信道进行BCH编码能较好地起到纠、检错作用.此研究为新型电话授时系统的研制提供一种可选的编码方案.     

空间太阳望远镜数据总线解决方案

空间太阳望远镜的星上数据处理系统需要对高速、海量的科学数据流进行实时处理,选择合适的空间数据总线解决方案至关重要.SpaceWire是由欧空局提出的一种新型高速串行数据总线标准,已经应用并计划用于ESA和NASA等多个任务中.在空间太阳望远镜项目中,Spacewire将负责在五个载荷仪器和科学处理单元(SDPU)之间组建网络,完成高速数据传输的任务.通过对SpaceWire协议进行分析,设计了基于SpaceWire的双冗余总线的容错方案.建立了基于DSP+FPGA结构的通信测试平台,并分别给出软硬件设计及测试结果.     

ASO-S卫星工程科学应用系统的数据库设计

先进天基太阳天文台(Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory, ASO-S)卫星是我国首颗太阳观测卫星, 主要观测太阳耀斑和日冕物质抛射以及产生它们的磁场结构. ASO-S卫星的科学应用系统是科学卫星工程的6大系统之一, 它连接科学用户和卫星数据, 为将卫星的科学数据转化为科学成果提供保障. 科学应用系统的数据库是连接软件与海量数据的枢纽, 为科学数据生产和用户服务及运行提供数据层的支撑. 介绍了科学应用系统的数据库架构设计、数据库的选择以及数据库性能优化和表样例. 这里的数据库包括观测计划、工程参数、运维日志、科学数据、定标数据和特征事件识别等数据库. 这些数据库的建设将为ASO-S卫星工程科学应用系统的顺利运行提供数据支撑, 也可以为未来其他科学卫星类似数据库的搭建提供参考和借鉴.     

同步卫星伪码测距系统设计

根据伪码测距技术和卫星通讯的特点,针对我国已发射的或将要发射的以及我国目前租用的C波段和Ku波段卫星,设计了用高精密传输终端(或MITREX)进行伪码测距时卫星地面站的参数,并估算出了伪码测距精度。     

ASTROD 1中的望远镜前指量研究

单航天器激光天文动力学空间计划ASTROD1是激光天文动力学ASTROD的第一步,通过发射绕太阳的无拖曳航天器,并且当航天器处于太阳背面附近时,与地面站进行深空激光测距,以执行科学任务。该文计算了ASTROD12015年的轨道、提出了判断轨道精度是否满足任务需要的方法、分析了地球和航天器的位置同望远镜前指量之间的关系并且给出了望远镜前指量的结果。     

量子科学实验光学地面站综合控制系统设计与开发

"墨子号"量子科学实验卫星(简称"墨子号")是国际首颗从事空间尺度量子科学实验的卫星。"墨子号"和4个量子科学实验光学地面站及一个量子隐形传态光学地面站构建了天地一体化量子科学实验平台。为了实现各地面站的综合协调工作,需要研制一套量子科学实验光学地面站综合控制系统(简称地面站综合控制系统)。地面站综合控制系统涉及4个量子科学实验光学地面站,包括2个新建地面站和2个改造地面站,需要对其实现统一的接口和平台控制。参考国际标准接口,针对量子科学实验光学地面站的功能需求,采用分层和模块化的设计方法,将地面站综合控制系统分为:网络服务层、网络交互层和设备控制层。设计完成的地面站综合控制系统实现了以下功能:(1)科学数据的发布;(2)内外数据的交互;(3)量子科学实验卫星项目科学实验计划的解析执行;(4)测站环境和设备状况的监测。作为量子科学实验光学地面站的统一控制平台,地面站综合控制系统为量子科学实验光学地面站的全面协调控制提供了有力保障和支持,同时作为通用的地面站控制系统,具有便于向其他望远镜控制系统移植的优点。     

ASO-S中文专辑: 序言

先进天基太阳天文台(ASO-S)是我国第一个获得批准立项的太阳空间探测卫星任务.本专辑共包含了14篇文章,着重介绍了卫星平台和有效载荷在研制过程中的一些重要的方面和具体的细节.本中文专辑的14篇文章和ASO-S卫星英文专辑的13篇文章,构成了ASO-S卫星从科学到仪器乃至分析方法较为完整的系统性介绍.     

NVST偏振观测系统的运动控制实现

中国科学院云南天文台1 m新真空太阳望远镜(New Vacuum Solar Telescope,NVST)是我国在太阳物理和空间科学对太阳进行光学和近红外观测的主力设备,主要科学目标是高精度、高时空分辨率的太阳磁场测量。1 m新真空太阳望远镜采用机械扫描偏振观测方式,由于光学系统的结构特性导致望远镜在跟踪太阳的过程中不可避免地引入了随时间变化的偏振效应,因此在进行偏振观测时需要进行系统定标,整个系统由定标单元、分析单元和探测器组成,其间涉及的多个运动部件均有复杂精密的运动要求。针对偏振定标过程和偏振观测过程中各光学器件的运动需求,给出了定标单元和分析单元的控制要求,实现了不同观测模式下各部件的运动要求。基于TCP/IP协议的远程控制方案,集成了采用串口通讯的各商用驱动控制器,开发了一套在.NET架构下的定标单元控制软件和相应的用户界面,并预留了观测控制系统接口。性能测试表明,系统符合观测要求,现已投入使用,为后续的偏振观测奠定了基础。     

新疆天文台天文观测数据传输日志系统设计与实现

新疆天文台望远镜产生的观测数据通过数据专线传输到新疆天文台本部数据中心进行长期存储。采用rsync进行数据传输,传输过程中没有详细的日志记录信息,无法对传输情况进行统计分析。通过调研新疆天文台数据传输的需求,设计并开发了新疆天文台观测数据传输日志系统。系统以新疆天文台南山站、奇台站的数据存储服务器和新疆天文台本部长期存储为基础,设计了日志系统的整体架构,实现了数据传输过程的日志记录。系统基于shell多线程技术及Qt框架,开发了后台服务程序及日志系统软件界面,实现了日志分析、统计备份与数据传输的可视化页面。     

Instructions for authors

正Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics publishes original research papers and reviews on all branches of astronomy and astrophysics.Reviews are by invitation only.Important new results that require rapid publication can be submitted as a Letter(Letters must be restricted in length to 6 printed pages).Authors who submit a paper are expected to be able to certify that the paper is original work,     

Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics CONTENTS

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Instructions for authors

正Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics publishes original research papers and reviews 011 all liranchcs of astronoiriy and astrophysics.Reviews arc by invitation only.Important new results that require rapid publication can be submitted as a Letter(Letters must be restricted in length     

Alkali and halogen chemistry in volcanic gases on Io

We use chemical equilibrium calculations to model the speciation of alkalis and halogens in volcanic gases emitted on Io. The calculations cover wide temperature (500-2000 K) and pressure (10⁻⁶ to 10⁺¹ bars) ranges, which overlap the nominal conditions at Pele (T=1760 K, P=0.01 bars). About 230 compounds of 11 elements (O, S, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, F, Cl, Br, I) are considered. The elemental abundances for O, S, Na, K, and Cl are based upon observations. CI chondritic elemental abundances relative to sulfur are used for the other alkalis and halogens (as yet unobserved on Io). We predict the major alkali species in Pele-like volcanic gases and the percentage distribution of each alkali are LiCl (73%), LiF (27%); NaCl (81%), Na (16%), NaF (3%); KCl (91%), K (5%), KF (4%); RbCl (93%), Rb (4%), RbF (3%); CsCl (92%), CsF (6%), Cs (2%). Likewise the major halogen species and the percentage distribution of each halogen are NaF (88%), KF (10%), LiF (2%); NaCl (89%), KCl (11%); NaBr (89%), KBr (10%), Br (1%); NaI (61%), I (30%), KI (9%). We predict the major halogen condensates and their condensation temperatures at P=0.01 bar are NaF (1115 K), LiF (970 K); NaCl (1050 K), KCl (950 K); KBr (750 K), RbBr (730 K), CsBr (645 K); and solid I₂ (200 K). We also model disequilibrium chemistry of the alkalis and halogens in the volcanic plume. Based on this work and our prior modeling for Na, K, and Cl in a volcanic plume, we predict the major loss processes for the alkali halide gases are photolysis and/or condensation onto grains. Their estimated photochemical lifetimes range from a few minutes for alkali iodides to a few hours for alkali fluorides. Condensation is apparently the only loss process for elemental iodine. On the basis of elemental abundances and photochemical lifetimes, we recommend searching for gaseous KCl, NaF, LiF, LiCl, RbF, RbCl, CsF, and CsCl around volcanic vents during eruptions. Based on abundance considerations and observations of brown dwarfs we also recommend a search of Io's extended atmosphere and the Io plasma torus for neutral and ionized Li, Cs, Rb, and F.     

Study on the Stressed Mirror Polishing with a Continuous Polishing Machine for Large Aperture Off-axis Aspheric Mirrors

A special stressed annular polishing technique is proposed to mill the off-axis aspheric sub-mirrors of a large segmented mirror with an annular polishing machine. Based on the basic principle of stressed annular polishing technique, a set of special stressing mechanisms are designed to convert milling the aspheric surfaces of sub-mirrors with different off-axis distances into milling the spherical surfaces with identical radii of curvature, so that they can be pol- ished simultaneously on a continuous polishing machine. It took about contin- uous 40 hours to polish a scaled-down mirror of the planning Chinese Future Giant Telescope (CFGT) using this technique. This mirror has the 330 mm di- ameter, 3.6 m off-axis distance, and the 21.6 m radius of curvature, and its max- imum asphericity is 16 micron. The experiment shows that this method has a high effciency, suits batch manufacturing, especially the batch manufacturing of aspheric sub-mirrors of the segmented primary mirror of an extremely large aperture telescope.     

The climatic and physiographic controls of the eastern Mediterranean over the late Pleistocene climates in the southern Levant and its neighboring deserts

Modern-day synoptic-scale eastern Mediterranean climatology provides a useful context to synthesize the diverse late Pleistocene (60–12 ka) paleohydrologic and paleoenvironmental indicators of past climatic conditions in the Levant and the deserts to its south and east. We first critically evaluate, extract, and summarize paleoenvironmental and paleohydrologic records. Then, we propose a framework of eastern Mediterranean atmospheric circulation features interacting with the morphology and location of the southeast Mediterranean coast. Together they strongly control the spatial distribution of rainfall and wind pattern. This cyclone–physiography interaction enforces the observed rainfall patterns by hampering rainfall generation south and southeast of the latitude of the north Sinai coast, currently at 31°15′.The proposed framework explains the much-increased rains in Lebanon and northern Israel and Jordan as deduced from pollen, rise and maintenance of Lake Lisan, and speleothem formation in areas currently arid and semiarid. The proposed framework also accounts for the southward and eastward transition into semiarid, arid, and hyperarid deserts as expressed in thick loess accumulation at the deserts' margins, dune migration from west to east in the Sinai and the western Negev, and the formation of hyperarid (< 80 mm yr^− 1) gypsic–salic soils in the southern Negev and Sinai. Our climatic synthesis explains the hyperarid condition in the southern Negev, located only 200–250 km south of the much-increased rains in the north, probably reflecting a steeper rainfall gradient than the present-day gradient from the wetter Levant into its bordering southern and eastern deserts.At present, the rainiest winter seasons in Lebanon and northern and central Israel are associated with more frequent (+ 20%), deeper Cyprus Lows traversing the eastern Mediterranean at approximately the latitude of southern Turkey. Even these wettest years in northern Israel do not yield above average annual rainfall amounts in the hyperarid southern Negev. This region is mainly influenced by the Active Red Sea Troughs that produce only localized rains. The eastern Mediterranean Cyprus Lows also produce more dust storms and transport higher amounts of suspended dust to the loess area than any other atmospheric pattern. Concurrent rainfall and dust are essential to the late Pleistocene formation of the elongated thick loess zone along the desert northern margin. Even with existing dust storms, the lack of rain and very sparse vegetation account for the absence of late Pleistocene loess sequences from the southern Negev and the formation of hyperarid soils.When the north Sinai coast shifted 30–70 km northwest due to last glacial global sea level lowering, the newly exposed coastal areas supplied the sand and dust to these active eastern Mediterranean cyclones. This enforced the latitude of the northern boundary of the loess zone to be directly due east of the LGM shoreline. This shift of coast to the northwest inhibited rainfall in the southern Levant deserts and maintained their hyperaridity. Concurrently, frequent deep eastern Mediterranean Cyprus Lows were funneled along the northern Mediterranean increasing (probably doubling) the rains in central and northern Israel, Lebanon, southwestern Syria and northern Jordan. These storms and rains formed lakes, forests, and speleothems only a short distance north of the deserts in the southern Levant.     

Active hot star shells

Interferometry in the visible provides milliarcsecond spatial resolution and thus has been used for studying the circumstellar environment of active hot stars. In this paper I will illustrate how the visibility modulus and phase can be used to better constrain the physics of Be disks through results from the VLA, the MkII and the GI2T interferometers. I will insist on the importance and the potential of coupling high angular resolution with high spectral resolution to the study of Be shells. Finally I will present a possible study of the circumstellar disk of Be stars using the VLTI. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Fitting X-ray Afterglow Light curves of Gamma-ray Bursts by Using the Magnetar Energy Injection Model

The central compact object for some gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) may be a strongly magnetized millisecond pulsar. It can inject energy to the outer shock of the GRB by through the magnetic dipole radiation, and therefore causes the shallow decay of the early afterglow. Recently, from a large number of GRB X-ray afterglows observed by Swift/XRT(X-ray telescope), it is revealed that many of them exhibit the shallow decay about 10²∼10⁴ s after the burst prompt emission. We have fitted the X-ray afterglow light curves of 11 GRBs by using the energy injection model of a magnetar with the rotation period in the millisecond order of magnitude. The obtained result shows the validity and universality of the magnetar energy injection model in explaining the shallow decay of afterglows, and simultaneously provides some constraints on the magnetic field strength and rotation period of the central magnetar.     

我国新一代VLBI数字基带转换器研制进展

数字化是目前设备研制发展的趋势,介绍了中国科学院上海天文台利用超大规模集成电路结合软件无线电技术,自主研发的我国新一代VLBI数字基带转换器(Chinese Data Acquisition System,简称CDAS).文中描述了设备的工作原理及其组成,并以VLBI观测实验数据证明其可行性.与原有的模拟设备(Anal...