水位升降对粗砂地基承载力和沉降影响的试验研究

随着城市地下空间的开发和利用,地下水位埋深较浅的地区,例如沈阳市,在施工过程中需要降水,工程完毕后停止降水又使水位恢复。水位的变化可能会导致地基土抗剪强度的变化、地基的回弹或沉降、渗透破坏引起地表塌陷等岩土问题,尤其是地基承载能力和既有建筑物的沉降是工程设计中必须考虑的岩土问题。对于辽沈地区,大多数文献只给出定性的回答,但工程设计需要的是定量回答,这是本文的研究目的。本文通过模型试验模拟粗砂地基上的浅基础,通过静载荷试验、水位观测、水压力和土压力传感器测试等方法测试地下水位升降时,粗砂地基的承载力、土中应力及基础沉降等的变化规律,并对试验结果进行分析和数值仿真分析,提出了利用拟合公式的方法弥补数值仿真分析与模型试验误差的思路。研究结果表明,对于密实的粗砂土地基,其地基承载力特征值在地下水位上升前后会降低,降低幅度达26%,主要原因是地基土抗剪强度降低导致承载力减小;在基础上施加一定荷载后,无论地下水位升和降,基础都会产生附加沉降。水位升高4.3m,沉降为0.565mm,主要原因是地基土的承载能力降低。水位下降4.3m,沉降0.315mm,主要原因是地下水位下降导致土中有效应力增大;数值仿真分析结果表明FLAC3D 可以较好地模拟试验过程,可用拟合公式的方法修正饱和砂土出现的误差。     

地下水位对浅基础地基承载力影响的最大深度的确定

本文从土的物理性质出发，结合地基土的破坏机理，运用现有的浅基础地基承载力理论计算公式，分析探求地下水位对地基承载力产生影响的最大深度范围。为进一步研究地下水位变化对浅基础地基承载力的影响，提供理论依据。     

地下水位升降对某场地地基土承载力的影响

通过工程实例，分析了对比地下水位升降对地基土的物理力学性质的影响，定量地总结了地下水位上升对地基土承载力的削弱情况。     

珊瑚礁地基工程特性现场试验研究EI北大核心CSCD

珊瑚礁不同地貌带有着不同的工程地质特征和力学特性。为探究珊瑚礁地基的工程力学特性及其发育规律,在西沙永兴岛不同地貌单元开展了浅层平板载荷试验、深层螺旋板载荷试验、压实度测试以及回弹模量试验,获取了珊瑚礁不同地貌的地基承载力、变形模量、回弹模量等工程力学参数。试验结果表明:人工填筑的钙质土地基承载力和变形模量明显高于天然形成的礁坪相地基和沙坝地基,其承载力特征值可达320~360 k Pa,变形模量在95~200 MPa之间,且地基的沉降量很小,满足一般低层建筑物对地基承载力和变形的要求;在荷载作用下,钙质土地基的沉降是瞬时完成的,载荷试验可采用快速加载法;在地下水位以上地基承载力随着深度增大逐渐增加,但在地下水位以下承载力和变形模量明显减小。钙质土地基压实度在87%以上时回弹模量达到472~730 MPa,且回弹模量随着压实度的增大而增大。     

珊瑚礁地基工程特性现场试验研究

珊瑚礁不同地貌带有着不同的工程地质特征和力学特性。为探究珊瑚礁地基的工程力学特性及其发育规律,在西沙永兴岛不同地貌单元开展了浅层平板载荷试验、深层螺旋板载荷试验、压实度测试以及回弹模量试验,获取了珊瑚礁不同地貌的地基承载力、变形模量、回弹模量等工程力学参数。试验结果表明:人工填筑的钙质土地基承载力和变形模量明显高于天然形成的礁坪相地基和沙坝地基,其承载力特征值可达320~360 k Pa,变形模量在95~200 MPa之间,且地基的沉降量很小,满足一般低层建筑物对地基承载力和变形的要求;在荷载作用下,钙质土地基的沉降是瞬时完成的,载荷试验可采用快速加载法;在地下水位以上地基承载力随着深度增大逐渐增加,但在地下水位以下承载力和变形模量明显减小。钙质土地基压实度在87%以上时回弹模量达到472~730 MPa,且回弹模量随着压实度的增大而增大。     

地下水位下降引起既有建筑物地基沉降的分析方法

针对地下水位下降引起既有建筑物地基沉降问题,首先,依据太沙基有效应力原理,建立地下水位下降引起附加应力的分析方法。其次,考虑地基土的孔隙介质特点,从地基土宏观与微观应力和应变分析入手,获得了在初始应力和因地下水位下降引起的附加应力作用下的既有建筑物地基土变形力学参数变化关系,它充分反映了地基土体宏观与颗粒骨架微观变形的不协调性。然后,引进分级加载和分层总和的思想,建立了地下水位下降引起既有建筑物地基沉降的非线性分析新方法,其可同时反映既有建筑物地基因初始应力和地下水位下降产生的附加应力作用引起的地基土变形力学参数变化的影响。     

统一强度理论在地基承载力确定中的应用研究

基于统一强度理论,考虑中间主应力对地基承载力的影响,给出了静止侧压力系数 条件下的地基临塑与临界荷载公式。结合实例,对基于统一强度理论和Mohr-Coulomb准则的地基承载力计算结果进行了对比分析。新的理论公式更为确切地反映了地基承载力的实质,有利于地基土体强度的充分发挥。基于河北境内177组不同土质地基的土性指标及载荷试验资料的统计分析,对中间主应力系数b的取值进行了深入细致的探讨,研究表明,对于粉土及黏性土地基,b的取值范围在0～0.5之间变化,理论计算所得地基承载力特征值与载荷试验实测值间的相对误差一般不超过5%     

基于Duncan-Chang本构的非线性土压力模型

假设基坑工程中挡土结构的变形和土压力服从双曲线模型,类比Duncan-Chang本构建模思想,在前人关于基坑主动区和被动区变形假设的基础上,建立了可以考虑位移变化的非线性土压力模型。把非线性土压力模型和Duncan-Chang本构模型联系起来,使得本文非线性土压力模型参数确定有根据。把弹性地基梁模型和该非线性土压力联系起来,使得弹性抗力系数的概念更加明确。以m法为例,深入分析了m法的影响因素。      

兰州地区既有构筑物下饱和粉土地基加固方法

兰州地区既有构筑物的天然地基通常是粉土层,由于地下水位上升,这种地基土饱和,导致承载力下降,出现地基不安全现象。针对这一特点,提出了既经济、实用且简便的低压注浆加固地基的处理方法。      

未来海平面上升激化地基变形的研究

未来上海地区海平面上升将引起地下水位抬升,将会对多层建筑地基产生影响。文章在研究探讨地基变形激化程度的同时,也进行了土压缩模量Es的预测分析工作,并提供分析结果。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861