近15年来山西省区域经济发展差异及其成因分析

山西省是我国最重要的能源基地之一,1993年以来山西省各地区均得到较快发展。同时,区域内部经济发展的绝对差异在不断扩大,相对差异呈现高位波动状态。以山西省11个地级市为地域单元,通过对标准差、变异系数、相对发展率、产业偏离度、区位熵等参数的计算,结果发现:山西省地区经济空间演化特征与地区经济差异时序波动相对应,呈现出中、东、西波浪式经济差异格局和3个明显的中心外围结构。对形成区域经济差异的成因进行了定性与定量的分析,并提出了相关的政策性建议。     

西南地区旅游业发展的区域响应差异分析

区域旅游经济差异的时空格局与区域响应差异是旅游业发展研究的核心内容之一。以1996~2010年西南五省区的国内旅游收入和旅游人次为数据基础,综合运用标准差、变异系数、首位度等指标,分析了西南地区国内旅游经济发展差异特征及其旅游发展的区域响应差异,揭示各省市区国内旅游业发展的不同的区域响应,研究发现:①西南地区国内旅游经济总体发展比较快,各地区国内旅游经济发展不平衡,省市区际国内旅游经济发展的绝对差距呈现逐年上升的趋势,且上升速度较快,由1996年的39.47亿元上升至2010年的638.94亿元,区际的旅游经济发展的变异系数波动不大,并在波动中缓慢下降。②西南五省市区同一阶段不同省市区具有不同的响应类型;同一省市区在不同发展阶段具有不同响应类型;旅游收入响应类型和旅游客流量响应类型也不相同。在此基础上,从旅游资源禀赋、区域经济社会发展水平、交通区位条件3个方面对差异的内在影响因子进行了阐释,提出未来西南地区国内旅游经济突破的关键是从旅游资源依赖型模式向产业依赖型模式转变。     

山西省旅游业发展的空间错位分析

运用重力模型和二维组合矩阵对山西省旅游业发展的空间错位进行分析,并将结果进行可视化表达。研究发现:山西省11个地市的旅游业发展与旅游资源和区位可达性之间存在着不同程度的空间错位,旅游经济重心在112.2°E,37°N,旅游资源重心在112.3°E,37.4°N,区位几何重心在111.8°E,36.9°N;二维组合矩阵分析显示,晋中、忻州属于旅游业发展水平与旅游资源禀赋匹配的负错位区,临汾属于旅游业发展水平与区位条件匹配的负错位区,山西省旅游业发展水平、资源赋存及区位条件的错位主要是由其旅游资源赋存与区位条件发生错位引起的,据此提出了空间错位矫正的对策。     

论旅游区位对区域旅游市场的影响

旅游区位是区域旅游发展的重要前提.本文分析旅游各区位要素对区域旅游市场的影响,如旅游资源空间组合替代关系和空间组合互补关系对区域旅游市场的影响,旅游客源区位对区域旅游市场的影响,以及旅游交通区位对区域旅游市场开发和市场结构的影响.笔者认为区域旅游市场的繁荣与发展必须是旅游资源区位、旅游客源区位和旅游交通区位三者的协调发展.     

论旅游区位对区域旅游市场的影响

旅游区位是区域旅游发展的重要前提.本文分析旅游各区位要素对区域旅游市场的影响,如：旅游资源空间组合替代关系和空间组合互补关系对区域旅游市场的影响,旅游客源区位对区域旅游市场的影响,以及旅游交通区位对区域旅游市场开发和市场结构的影响.笔者认为区域旅游市场的繁荣与发展必须是旅游资源区位、旅游客源区位和旅游交通区位三者的协调发展.     

湖南区域旅游发展差异的系统分析

分析2002-2007年间湖南长株潭旅游区、环洞庭湖旅游区、大湘西旅游区、大湘南旅游区及湘中旅游区等五大区域的旅游经济发展差异.研究发现,湖南旅游经济发展总体呈现不平衡的发展态势,旅游经济的绝对差异不断扩大,相对差异在波动中逐渐缩小;分析认为这种现象的产生是受区域资源禀赋、重点客源市场、社会经济发展水平以及区位机遇等因素共同作用的结果.     

疫情冲击下中国各省区旅游韧性的时空变化与影响因素研究（英文）

新冠肺炎疫情导致人员流动阻断,旅游业成为受冲击最严重的行业之一。随着国内疫情形势的逐渐好转,各省区旅游业随之恢复,但表现出时空异质性特征。本文从“韧性”角度表征旅游业面对疫情冲击的抵抗与恢复情况,分析旅游韧性的变化趋势、空间格局及阶段性特征,探究旅游韧性差异的影响因素。研究发现：我国旅游业呈现出明显的韧性特征,多数省区旅游韧性走势呈现波动上升;甘肃、海南、贵州、河北、山东具有较高的综合韧性水平,西藏、宁夏、山西、北京综合韧性指数极低,其他省区呈现“北弱南强”的格局特征;考察期内我国旅游韧性经历了艰难抵抗—加速恢复—震荡提升三个阶段;各省区旅游业对疫情冲击的抵抗能力普遍较弱,恢复能力差异明显。疫情严重程度、防控政策严格程度、客源地–目的地连带影响作用、旅游基础、地理区位等因素均会对旅游韧性产生一定影响。     

大西安旅游圈:国内旅游客源空间分析与构建

在西安旅游客源市场基本情况分析的基础上 ,对西安国内旅游市场以省域为单位进行划分。截取 1995、 1998、 2 0 0 1三年的旅游统计资料为断面 ,利用中心地标准距离公式 ,对不同时期西安国内旅游吸引半径和空间吸引力指标进行量化计算 ,并在对比分析的基础上 ,总结了国内旅游客源市场距离衰减的基本规律和西安国内旅游吸引力的发展与变化趋势。在此基础上 ,根据对 10个主要景点 2 0 0 0份抽样问卷的调查结果 ,分析了国内游客在西安及其周边地区旅游景点的空间选择模式和行为特征 ,提出了大西安旅游圈的概念和范围 ,根据西安地区的区位、资源和设施实际 ,提出大西安旅游圈构建思路和发展建议。     

西北五省区国内旅游客源市场演化结构分析研究

运用旅游客源市场评价指标体系,从时间、空间方面统计了大量相关数据,重点调查分析了西北五省区国内客源市场的定位和消费潜力,运用EXCEL软件统计、文献分析等方法,定量计算了1999—2009年11年间西北五省区国内旅游客源市场概况、旅游产业竞争力、年度变动指数、旅游区位熵、客源市场行为特征等评价指标;建议通过合理定位西北五省区国内客源市场,针对性地开发西北五省区旅游资源,选择合理的客源市场目标层,实施分级开发,并提出开拓西北五省区国内旅游客源市场的实践措施。     

河南省南太行山旅游客源市场定位与营销策略研究

在实地调查的基础上,文章对南太行山区旅游客源市场现状进行了系统分析,认为该区旅游市场结构以国内游客占绝对优势;旅游者以中青年居多,其分布具有空间近距离性,行为特征表现为休闲观光比重大、散客多、逗留时间短等。针对这些特征,充分考虑南太行山旅游资源的特点、区位条件和旅游市场的发展趋势,规划了旅游市场的细分目标,并从形象营销、品牌营销、网络营销、绿色营销、整合营销等方面进行了针对性的市场营销扩展策略研究。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.     

REVIEWS OF GEOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE

Reviews of geographic software in this article: DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS. ESP GAUSS. CEMODEL S. Damus LIMDEP. William H. Greene MICROSTAT 4.1 OTIS PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System) . H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein. REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS) SPSS/PC+ URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Guidelines to Authors

1. Aims and scope
Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions （SCAR） is a bimonthly journal that publishes in English the latest research achievements in processes and the pattems of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions. Researches in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,