巴基斯坦贾盖火山岩浆岩带斑岩型铜-金矿床地质特征、成矿作用及找矿潜力

贾盖火山岩浆岩带是巴基斯坦境内西部第二大岩浆弧,属于特提斯成矿域的重要组成部分之一。晚渐新世—中新世,随着新特提斯洋的闭合,阿拉伯板块、印度板块与欧亚板块不断碰撞。在持续的挤压条件下,巴基斯坦西部发育了一系列逆冲褶皱系统,并且先后经历了中—晚始新世(43~37 Ma)、早中新世(24~22 Ma和18~16 Ma)、中中新世(13~10 Ma)和晚中新世—早上新世(6~4 Ma)4次大规模的岩浆作用,形成了贾盖火山岩浆岩带,赋存有48个斑岩型铜金矿床(点)、远景区。根据区域地质及矿化情况,可将贾盖火山岩浆岩带内的斑岩型铜-金矿床分为东、西两部分。前者主要分布在贾盖侵入体的边缘或与围岩接触带中,矿体产于晚白垩世辛贾拉尼群碎屑岩和始新世贾盖侵入体中;后者则分布在索尔科侵入体的岩株中,矿体产于古新世和更年轻的碎屑岩和火山岩中。矿体主要与磁铁矿系列的石英闪长斑岩和花岗闪长斑岩相关,具有钙碱性系列的特征,围岩热液蚀变分带明显,自岩体中心向外依次为钾硅酸化(钾化)、泥化、石英绢云母化、青磐岩化。境内外斑岩铜矿产出特征显示,索尔科侵入岩可能符合"小岩体成大矿"的现实情况,贾盖侵入岩的大型复合岩基中也可能存在斑岩铜矿床,具有很好的找矿潜力。最新勘查资料显示,贾盖火山岩浆岩带已发现的48个矿床(点)、远景区可能都具有很好的找矿前景和巨大的资源潜力,如萨因达克、雷克迪克、塔拉鲁格、科·伊·达利尔等矿床(点)、远景区,以及Western War Chah斑岩体,尤其是贾盖火山岩浆岩带西部和Koh Dalil(Rackodiq)矿点。     

东准噶尔卡拉先格尔斑岩铜矿带改造与叠加成矿作用研究

卡拉先格尔斑岩铜矿带位于我国新疆北部,大地构造位于中亚成矿域的中段、西伯利亚克拉通南缘与华北-塔里木克拉通北缘增生造山带的接合部位,夹于北西向额尔齐斯-玛因鄂博断裂带和北北西向可可托海-二台断裂带的交汇处。研究发现卡拉先格尔斑岩铜矿带在成矿构造地质、矿石组构、元素组合和成矿期次等方面表现出多期改造与叠加成矿的特征。在前期区域成矿背景、典型矿床研究的基础上,本文总结了卡拉先格尔斑岩铜矿带的构造演化与成矿过程:在中-晚泥盆世,卡拉先格尔斑岩铜矿带处于与俯冲有关的岛弧构造背景,有两期中酸性斑岩侵入与Cu-Au-Mo矿化作用;早石炭世时,区域处于碰撞造山阶段,NW向韧性剪切变形造成原斑岩中的矿化发生迁移与再定位,片理构造发育处局部得到富集;晚石炭世到二叠纪是后碰撞伸展阶段,形成了卡拉先格尔斑岩铜矿带一系列张性构造和叠加的脉状矿化;进入中生代后,常见热液脉状铜矿化充填叠加到早期矿化之上,但同时本矿带遭受强烈的抬升与剥蚀作用。     

Cenozoic magmatism in Kalimantan and its related geodynamic evolution

The NE–SW Tertiary magmatic belt of central Kalimantan is related to two separate periods of subduction; during the Eocene–Oligocene and Late Oligocene–Miocene. The younger magmatic belt is superimposed upon the earlier belt. This magmatic belt is characterized chiefly by Late Oligocene–Miocene volcanic products, among which limited exposures of the Eocene volcanics have also been mapped by previous investigators. This calc-alkaline magmatic belt has become known as the ‘gold belt’ of Central West Kalimantan on account of a number of discoveries of Neogene epithermal gold mineralization. This mineralization is found in central to proximal volcanic settings and occurred at relatively shallow depths. The earliest known subduction-related magmatism took place in the Eocene–Early Oligocene with the emplacement of calc-alkaline silicic pyroclastics, followed by a period of continental collision. Subsequent subduction-related magmatism continued from Late Oligocene–Pleistocene, during which time the magma evolved from calc-alkaline to potassic calc-alkaline. Plio-Pleistocene magmatism resulted in the formation of basalt flows. The present available K–Ar ages of the Cenozoic volcanics range from 51 to 1 Ma.     

Geochemistry and petrogenesis of Triassic mineralized porphyries in the Geza of the Sanjiang orogenic belt,southwestern China

The Geza Andean-type arc is located in the southwestern Sanjiang tectonic belt (i.e. Jinsha, Lancang, and Nujiang River) of SW China, which is a product of the subduction of the Garzê–Litang oceanic crust beneath Zhongdian landmasses in the Late Triassic (235–204 Ma). The Geza Andean-type arc is an important belt of Cu-rich polymetallic mineralization that was recently discovered in China. Prolonged regional tectono-magmatic activity and several episodes of rich mineralization throughout the tectonic evolution of the Andean-type arc produced the super-large Pulang porphyry Cu deposits, the large Xuejiping porphyry Cu deposits, and the large Hongshan skarn-porphyry Cu polymetallic deposits. Here we report new LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb age of Songnuo and Qiansui intrusive rocks, and whole-rock major and trace element compositions of the Late Triassic mineralized porphyries from Geza in this region. Zircon U–Pb dating of the Qiansui quartz diorite porphyrite revealed a crystallization age of 220.3 ± 0.66 Ma, for the Songnuo quartz monzonite porphyry, a crystallization age of 204.7 ± 0.72 Ma. The Geza Andean-type arc granitic belt can be divided into three porphyry subzones based on the stage of Andean-type arc orogenic development and the distribution, composition, and geochemical characteristics of the intrusive rocks. Lithogeochemical characteristics show that the porphyry and Andean-type arc granite are of the same rock series (high-K calc-alkaline) and genetic type (I-type granite). The trace element geochemistry of these rocks is similar to that of Andean-type arc granite, which is enriched in Ba, Rb, La, Hf, chalcophile elements (Cu, Pb), and siderophile elements (Mo, Ni), and depleted in Nb, Ta, P, and Ti. In the Geza Andean-type arc, similarities in the major element, REE, and trace element compositions between porphyry and local acidic volcanic rocks suggest that they have the same or similar magmatic source rocks. The petrological characteristics of granite in the Geza Andean-type arc are similar to those of adakitic rocks, and the formation of porphyry and porphyry-related deposits resulted from magmatic hydrothermal fluids that originated in the upper mantle and lower crust. The porphyry Cu mineralization was probably produced from the accumulation and migration of ore-forming hydrothermal fluids and the resultant alteration of host rocks.     

The role of the Antofagasta–Calama Lineament in ore deposit deformation in the Andes of northern Chile

During the Late Jurassic–Early Oligocene interval, widespread hydrothermal copper mineralization events occurred in association with the geological evolution of the southern segment of the central Andes, giving rise to four NS-trending metallogenic belts of eastward-decreasing age: Late Jurassic, Early Cretaceous, Late Paleocene–Early Eocene, and Late Eocene–Early Oligocene. The Antofagasta–Calama Lineament (ACL) consists of an important dextral strike-slip NE-trending fault system. Deformation along the ACL system is evidenced by a right-lateral displacement of the Late Paleocene–Early Eocene metallogenic belts. Furthermore, clockwise rotation of the Early Cretaceous Mantos Blancos copper deposit and the Late Paleocene Lomas Bayas porphyry copper occurred. In the Late Eocene–Early Oligocene metallogenic belt, a sigmoidal deflection and a clockwise rotation is observed in the ACL. The ACL is thought to have controlled the emplacement of Early Oligocene porphyry copper deposits (34–37 Ma; Toki, Genoveva, Quetena, and Opache), whereas it deflected the Late Eocene porphyry copper belt (41–44 Ma; Esperanza, Telégrafo, Centinela, and Polo Sur ore deposits). These observations suggest that right-lateral displacement of the ACL was active during the Early Oligocene. We propose that the described structural features need to be considered in future exploration programs within this extensively gravel-covered region of northern Chile.     

中国斑岩铜矿与埃达克(质)岩关系探讨

对比研究了中国26个主要斑岩铜矿的地球化学特征和年代学,结果表明其中25个矿床与埃达克(质)岩有成因联系,且多数与玄武质下地壳熔融形成的埃达克岩(C型)有关,现有数据表明土屋-延东和普朗斑岩铜矿可能与俯冲板片熔融形成的埃达克岩(O型)有关。容矿斑岩的初始锶值为0.7034～0.7090,均大于洋中脊玄武岩和亏损地幔的初始锶值,多数与EMI的初始锶值接近,推测其源区或源岩主要为玄武质下地壳,少数为洋中脊玄武岩,并受到中、上地壳不同程度的混染,这与两类埃达克岩的源区基本一致。虽然埃达克质岩浆具有形成斑岩铜矿的巨大潜力,但并非所有埃达克岩都能成矿,不同岩体需具体分析。     

Controls on porphyry Cu mineralization around Hanza Mountain,south-east of Iran: An analysis of structural evolution from remote sensing,geophysical, geochemical and geological data

Hanza Mountain in Urmia–Dokhtar Magmatic Arc, southeast of Iran, consists of monocline of Eocene volcanic rocks into which the Oligocene granitoid rocks have been intruded. This area has excellent potential for economic porphyry copper deposits with Bondar Hanza, Daralu, and Sarmesk deposits among them. Hanza Mountain is located between NW–SE horsetail thrust faults derived from the Gowk and Sabzevaran strike-slip faults. The analysis of the kinematics of these strike-slip faults shows that they were not the cause of the formation of the pull-apart basin; thus they have not directly played any effective role in localizing the final emplacement of porphyries responsible for the formation of these copper deposits, but the Cu mineralization occurred mainly within a set of normal and thrust faults in the region. The alteration types and faults in Bondar Hanza were distinguished using detailed local geology, including distribution of known mineralization, supported by remote sensing (ASTER), airborne geophysics, and topography; the relationship between mineralization and faults was examined using Rose diagrams and Fry Analysis. This investigation of Bondar Hanza deposit has revealed that the trend of faults and dykes, as well as the distribution of copper analyses within drill cores, is aligned with the main trend of mineralization. The NW–SE trending faults in the Urmia–Dokhtar Magmatic Arc are effective in localizing the emplacement of porphyry copper ore deposits and those that trend between N125°–N145° are key to further exploration.     

西藏冈底斯成矿带驱龙斑岩铜钼矿的岩石地球化学特征

驱龙斑岩铜(钼)矿床位于西藏冈底斯成矿带东段,具有巨大找矿潜力。这里主要通过岩石地球化学分析,确定矿床含矿斑岩属于过铝质高钾钙碱性岩石,具有明显的埃达克岩岩浆亲合性,并可初步断定驱龙及冈底斯成矿带典型斑岩铜矿床的含矿斑岩具备C型埃达克岩特征,其构造背景应为碰撞造山期后的伸展条件,这将对该带成矿环境的深入研究和进一步找矿有所启示。     

Long-lived,stationary magmatism and pulsed porphyry systems during Tethyan subduction to post-collision evolution in the southernmost Lesser Caucasus,Armenia and Nakhitchevan

The composite Meghri–Ordubad and Bargushat plutons of the Zangezur–Ordubad region in the southernmost Lesser Caucasus consist of successive Eocene to Pliocene magmatic pulses, and host two stages of porphyry Cu–Mo deposits. New high-precision TIMS U–Pb zircon ages confirm the magmatic sequence recognized by previous Rb–Sr isochron and whole-rock K–Ar dating. A 44.03 ± 0.02 Ma-old granite and a 48.99 ± 0.07 Ma-old granodiorite belong to an initial Eocene magmatic pulse, which is coeval with the first stage of porphyry Cu–Mo formation at Agarak, Hanqasar, Aygedzor and Dastakert. A subsequent Oligocene magmatic pulse was constrained by U–Pb zircon ages at 31.82 ± 0.02 Ma and 33.49 ± 0.02 Ma for a monzonite and a gabbro, and a late Miocene porphyritic granodioritic and granitic pulse yielded ages between 22.46 ± 0.02 Ma and 22.22 ± 0.01 Ma, respectively. The Oligo-Miocene magmatic evolution broadly coincides with the second porphyry-Cu–Mo ore deposit stage, including the major Kadjaran deposit at 26–27 Ma.Primitive mantle-normalized spider diagrams with negative Nb, Ta and Ti anomalies support a subduction-like nature for all Cenozoic magmatic rocks. Eocene magmatic rocks have a normal arc, calc-alkaline to high-K calc-alkaline composition, early Oligocene magmatic rocks a high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic composition, and late Oligocene to Mio-Pliocene rocks are adakitic and have a calc-alkaline to high-K calc-alkaline composition. Radiogenic isotopes reveal a mantle-dominated magmatic source, with the mantle component becoming more predominant during the Neogene. Trace element ratio and concentration patterns (Dy/Yb, Sr/Y, La/Yb, Eu/Eu*, Y contents) correlate with the age of the magmatic rocks. They reveal combined amphibole and plagioclase fractionation during the Eocene and the early Oligocene, and amphibole fractionation in the absence of plagioclase during the late Oligocene and the Mio-Pliocene, consistent with Eocene to Pliocene progressive thickening of the crust or increasing pressure of magma differentiation. Characteristic trace element and isotope systematics (Ba vs. Nb/Y, Th/Yb vs. Ba/La, ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb vs. Th/Nb, Th/Nb vs. δ¹⁸O, REE) indicate that Eocene magmatism was dominated by fluid-mobile components, whereas Oligocene and Mio-Pliocene magmatism was dominated by a depleted mantle, compositionally modified by subducted sediments.A two-stage magmatic and metallogenic evolution is proposed for the Zangezur–Ordubad region. Eocene normal arc, calc-alkaline to high-K calc-alkaline magmatism was coeval with extensive Eocene magmatism in Iran attributed to Neotethys subduction. Eocene subduction resulted in the emplacement of small tonnage porphyry Cu–Mo deposits. Subsequent Oligocene and Miocene high-K calc-alkaline and shoshonitic to adakitic magmatism, and the second porphyry Cu–Mo deposit stage coincided with Arabia–Eurasia collision to post-collision tectonics. Magmatism and ore formation are linked to asthenospheric upwelling along translithospheric, transpressional regional faults between the Gondwana-derived South Armenian block and the Eurasian margin, resulting in decompression melting of lithospheric mantle, metasomatised by sediment components added to the mantle during the previous Eocene subduction event.     

Petrogenesis of Rabor-Lalehzar magmatic rocks (SE Iran): Constraints from whole rock chemistry and Sr-Nd isotopes

The Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc (UDMA) of Central Iran has been formed during Neotethyan Ocean subduction underneath Eurasia. The Rabor-Lalehzar magmatic complex (RLMC), covers an area ～1000?km² in the Kerman magmatic belt (KMB), SE of UDMA. RLMC magmatic rocks include both granitoids and volcanic rocks with calc-alkaline and adakitic signatures but with different ages.Miocene adakitic rocks are characterd by relatively enrichmented in incompatible elements, high (Sr/Y)_(N) (>40), and (La/Yb)_(N) (>10) ratios with slightly negative Eu anomalies (Eu_N/Eu*≈ 0.9), depletion in HFSEs, and relatively non-radiogenic Sr isotope signatures (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr?=?0.7048–0.7049). In contrast, the Oligocene granitoids exhibit low Sr/Y (<20) and La/Yb (<9) ratios, negative Eu anomalies (Eu_N/Eu*?≈?0.5), and enrichment in HFSEs and radiogenic Sr isotope signatures (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr?=?0.7050–0.7052), showing affinity to the island arc rocks. Eocene volcanic rocks which crusscut the younger granitoid rocks comprise andesites and dacites. Geochemically, lavas show calc-alkaline character without any Eu anomaly (Eu_N/Eu*?≈?1.0). Based on the geochemical and isotopic data we propose that melt source for both calc-alkaline and adakitic rocks from the RLMC can be related to the melting of a sub-continental lithospheric mantle (SCLM). Basaltic melts derived from a metasomatized mantle wedge might be emplaced at the mantle-crust boundary and formed the juvenile mafic lower crust. However, some melts fractionated in the shallow magma chambers and continued to rise forming the volcanic intermediate-mafic rocks at the surface. On the other hand, the assimilation and fractional crystallization in the shallow magma chambers of may have been responsible for the development of Oligocene granitoids with calc-alkaline affinity. In the mid-Late Miocene, following the collision between Afro-Arabia and Iranian block the juvenile mafic crust of UDMA underwent thickening and metamorphosed into garnet-amphibolites. Subsequent upwelling of a hot asthenosphere during Miocene was responsible for partial melting of thickened juvenile crust of the SE UDMA (RLM complex). The adakitic melts ascended to the shallow crust to form the adakitic rocks in the KMB.     

中蒙边境及邻区斑岩型铜矿床地质特征及成因

依据金属矿床围岩岩性组合和成矿作用特征，将中蒙边境及邻区分布的斑岩铜矿床(点)划分为3种类型：①加里东期经典型斑岩铜矿床(点)；②海西期经典型和火山岩型斑岩铜矿床；③燕山期深成岩型和火山岩型斑岩铜矿床。在较详细剖析各类金属矿床(点)基本地质特征的基础上，划分了9个矿化集中区，并讨论了区域地壳演化与金属成矿作用的关系。研究结果表明，尽管研究区内的金属矿床(点)成矿作用分别发生在加里东期、海西期和燕山期，但是大规模成矿作用发生的时问与海西期板块构造活动的高峰期相吻合，是地壳特定演化阶段构造一岩浆活动的产物。     

安第斯与冈底斯成矿带斑岩铜矿床矿物学和成矿斑岩地球化学特征对比

在总结安第斯和冈底斯斑岩铜矿床地质矿物学特征的基础上,通过对2个成矿带与斑岩铜矿床有关的岩浆岩地球化学特征的对比分析,探讨了2种构造环境下形成的斑岩铜矿床含矿斑岩与成矿过程的异同点。安第斯成矿带的斑岩铜矿床形成于洋壳俯冲陆缘弧环境,成矿时代主要集中在始新世晚期—渐新世(43~31Ma)和中新世中期—上新世(12~4Ma),金属组合包括Cu-Mo和Cu-Au,含矿斑岩的SiO_2含量变化范围较大,岩性从中性到酸性,以钙碱性-高钾钙碱性系列为主,少部分具有典型埃达克岩地球化学特征,而大多数安第斯含矿斑岩具有正常岛弧系列火山岩的地球化学特征。冈底斯成矿带斑岩铜矿床主要发育于陆-陆碰撞环境,成矿时代为中新世(20~12Ma),金属组合为Cu-Mo,缺乏Cu-Au组合,含矿斑岩岩性以酸性为主,且主要为高钾钙碱性-钾玄质系列岩浆岩,具有典型埃达克岩的地球化学特征。安第斯成矿带含矿斑岩的形成很可能是板片释放流体交代楔形地幔,经部分熔融与MASH过程的产物,并不是直接源于洋壳的部分熔融;而冈底斯成矿带含矿斑岩成因可能是早期洋壳多次俯冲形成俯冲增生弧,之后在陆陆碰撞过程中经历缩短加厚,与深部构造动力学机制发生变化时的部分熔融有关。     

冈底斯朱诺地区中新世板内热隆伸展成矿

位于冈底斯构造成矿带中段西侧的朱诺地区具有良好的成矿前景,已发现有朱诺大型斑岩铜矿床和铁雅铁铜矿点。野外基础地质和矿床地质调查、构造分析和岩石化学的研究表明,朱诺斑岩铜矿床在构造上受近EW向和近SN向伸展断裂控制,时间上属于中新世青藏高原南部板内构造过程,含矿斑岩具有典型的埃达克质岩特征。朱诺及其所在的冈底斯构造成矿带在中新世处于板内构造环境,板内伸展构造—埃达克质岩—斑岩铜矿系统叠加在早期的俯冲—碰撞构造岩石组合之上。与埃达克质岩形成直接相关的下地壳流动导致冈底斯上地壳及下地壳显著加厚,发生部分熔融作用,下地壳物质可能源于地壳减薄的锡瓦利克盆地,流经喜马拉雅,穿过并改造了雅鲁藏布江缝合带中挤入地壳的洋壳地幔岩石,造成被混入洋壳地幔成分的冈底斯下地壳发生部分熔融,形成埃达克质岩浆,上升并顶托冈底斯上地壳,致使冈底斯上地壳先后发生近EW向和近SN向的伸展,在上地壳伸展扩容空间中含矿埃达克质岩浆沿伸展断裂上升、侵位,并富集成矿。     

Some Pertinent Features of Mo‐Mineralized Granitoids in the Circum‐Pacific Region

Petrological characteristics of granitic rocks related to the world large molybdenum deposits are studied. The granitoids are evaluated by Fe₂O₃+TiO₂‐FeO+MnO‐MgO diagrams, and found to all plot to the magnetite‐series field. They are all high silica and high‐K series, but not A‐type, except for the Climax‐type porphyries and some others in the Colorado mineral belt. By‐product molybdenum contained in porphyry copper deposits, lower grade but huge tonnage, occurs with calc‐alkaline I‐type magnetite‐series granodiorite and monzogranite. Felsic intrusive rocks of the Climax mine are A‐type and are exceptionally high in trace elements such as F and Rb, which are generally enriched with W and Sn‐related granitoids that originated in crustal source rocks. The by‐product molybdenites in porphyry copper deposits appear to originate in adakitic granodiorite or monzogranite, having deep origins with the subducted slab or thickened juvenile mafic lower crust. Therefore, there is no single magma type but the magnetite series, which concentrates a large volume of molybdenum in the ore deposits.     

埃达克岩与Cu-Au成矿作用：有待深入研究的岩浆成矿关系

研究表明,环太平洋地区新生代斑岩铜矿和浅成热液金矿与同期的埃达克质岩浆活动存在密切的时空与成因联系。埃达克岩是许多世界级的斑岩铜矿的容矿岩,也是许多浅成热液矿化系统的成矿母岩浆。根据目前的研究,二者成因联系可能在于埃达克质岩浆的富流体、高氧逸度和基性源岩等固有属性,有利于Cu、Au等深源金属元素的萃取与富集成矿一因此,这可能是一种潜在的岩浆成矿专属性关系,但对产生这种关系的原因与机制仍然不十分清楚。这有待于今后深入开展成矿与无矿的埃达克岩、成矿的埃达克岩与非埃达克岩、无矿的埃达克岩与非埃达克岩等方面的对比研究,以揭示这种成矿专属性的本质。     

藏东玉龙斑岩铜矿带扎拉尕含矿斑岩体锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

玉龙斑岩铜矿带扎拉尕斑岩铜钼矿床位于玉龙斑岩铜矿带中北部,赋矿岩体侵入下二叠统火山岩及三叠系砂泥岩中,主要由早阶段为二长花岗斑岩及晚阶段正长花岗斑岩组成。分析了早阶段二长花岗斑岩及晚阶段正长花岗斑岩锆石 LA-ICP-MS U-Pb 年龄。早阶段二长花岗斑岩该年龄为（38.5±0.2） Ma, MSWD=1.12,晚阶段正长花岗斑岩该年龄为（38.5±0.2） Ma, MSWD=1.08,早阶段和晚阶段含矿斑岩体锆石U-Pb 年龄完全一致。这表明早晚两阶段成矿岩体是在很短的时间间隔内形成的。扎拉尕赋矿斑岩体形成年龄为（38.5±0.2） Ma。据扎拉尕斑岩矿床形成时代及藏东地区在始新世至渐新世地质构造背景,提出扎拉尕斑岩矿床和玉龙斑岩铜矿带的形成与印度板块-欧亚板块碰撞在藏东地区形成的走滑构造活动诱发的岩浆活动有关,为陆陆碰撞走滑构造环境的斑岩矿床。     

阿尔泰山南缘中—酸性斑岩的地球化学特征及其岩石成因探讨

阿尔泰山南缘中—酸性斑岩侵入于中泥盆统北塔山组火山岩地层中,斑岩体规模较小,主要岩石类型为闪长斑岩、石英闪长斑岩、花岗闪长斑岩、石英二长斑岩等。对哈腊苏、卡拉先格尔、喀腊萨依、托斯巴斯陶和乔夏哈拉等5个与铜矿有关矿区的斑岩研究表明,其地球化学特征既有相似性,又有不同的特点,其中SiO2含量为534%~662%,A/CNK为098~127(大多数小于1),稀土元素表现为轻稀土相对富集、不具Eu异常的特点。微量元素表现为明显的Nb和Ta的负异常。但是Harker图解以及稀土元素配分曲线表明,不同地区的斑岩不存在演化关系。斑岩的Sr和Nd同位素组成基本上与与其共生的玄武岩相同,因此根据实验岩石学以及稀土模拟结果推测,它们可能是岛弧阶段底侵的基性岩石部分熔融形成的,源区相当于下地壳无水的角闪岩相,但含有少量的石榴子石,其中石榴子石和角闪石比例的差别可能是导致不同地区斑岩地球化学特征差别的主要原因。     

“Normal” to adakite-like arc magmatism associated with the El Abra porphyry copper deposit,Central Andes,Northern Chile

International Journal of Earth Sciences - The El Abra porphyry copper deposit belongs to the Late Eocene—Early Oligocene metallogenic belt of northern Chile, which host several world-class...     

安徽泾县茂林岩体特征及成矿分析

茂林岩体位于安徽南部江南隆起带北侧石台—泾县褶皱带,内部相为二长花岗岩,边缘相为细粒花岗闪长岩,后期有花岗闪长斑岩等脉岩侵入,岩石属于钙碱性岩系列,其中Cu、Mo、Ag丰度较高。茂林岩体与周边发现的矿床（点）均存在一定的成因联系,找矿潜力较大。北东向断裂及南北向断裂构造与浅成相二长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩岩株及岩脉接触部位是周边寻找斑岩型钼矿的有利部位,岩体晚期花岗闪长斑岩岩脉是寻找铜、铅矿的潜力区。     

东天山古生代斑岩铜矿床成矿规律和构造背景

东天山铜成矿带是中亚成矿域的重要组成部分, 发育土屋、延东大型铜矿, 三岔口、玉海中型铜矿, 赤湖、福兴、灵龙、玉带和四顶黑山等小型铜矿床。其中的斑岩铜矿带主要沿大南湖-头苏泉岛弧带近东西向展布, 其成岩作用集中于志留纪和石炭纪, 而成矿峰期为石炭纪。东天山斑岩铜矿带赋矿围岩包括火山岩、花岗岩和沉积岩, 围岩蚀变主要有黑云母-磁铁矿化、绢英岩化和青磐岩化, 钾化相对较弱。成矿岩体主要为中酸性钙碱性花岗岩, 富集大离子亲石元素, 亏损高场强元素, 具有高Sr/Y比值, 显示典型的岛弧岩浆岩和埃达克质特征。成矿流体早阶段发育大量含子晶的高盐度包裹体, 为H₂O-NaCl±CO₂体系, 氢氧硫同位素显示明显的岩浆热液特征。锶钕铪同位素表明成矿岩体具有新生地壳和亏损地幔混合来源。东天山斑岩铜矿带形成于古天山洋的多期次俯冲造山, 因而具有多期叠加成矿的特征。石炭纪钙碱性岩浆岩是下一步找矿的主要目标, 后期构造叠加可能导致富矿体的形成。