垃圾填埋场渗滤液变密度地下水溶质运移模拟

为分析垃圾填埋场变密度渗滤液对地下水的影响,本文通过MODFLOW中的SEAWAT模块建立变密度地下水溶质运移模型,模拟了在密度效应情况下垃圾渗滤液在地下水中的运移规律,并且与不考虑密度影响的模型结果进行了对比。结果表明,在密度驱动下污染物运移得更快,出现了明显的“指流”,在3 650 d时,变密度模型中地下水质量浓度大于10%源强浓度的面积比恒定密度模型结果多1 611.95 m²;这表明变密度模型计算的污染物影响范围要比恒定密度模型的范围要大。根据不同质量浓度源强模拟结果可以看出,在整个预测期内源强为90 g/L的影响面积最大,随着源强浓度降低,影响面积逐渐减小。根据观测孔浓度曲线可以看出,1号、2号和3号孔的10 m、2 m观测层位浓度历时曲线都呈现变密度模型结果高于恒定密度模型,且底部观测层位更容易捕捉到污染物。因此在分析垃圾渗滤液或者其他密度较高的污染物对地下水的影响时,应重视密度因素。     

垂向环流井溶质运移试验及参数灵敏度分析

为表征垂向环流井运行过程中弥散度对溶质运移情况的影响.开展室内垂向环流井水动力场试验和溶质运移试验,研究了垂向环流井地下水循环流场的形式,绘制水头高度变化曲线分析出水动力场变化规律;通过污染羽扩散形态绘制不同时刻溶质迁移距离,得出溶质迁移规律.基于MODFLOW建立试验数值模型,利用弥散度参数反演,得出试验过程中的弥散...     

系统维度对变密度溶质运移的影响研究

关于地下水变密度流与溶质运移的研究通常局限于二维系统中,三维系统中的研究非常有限。然而,仍有零星研究表明,三维系统中的对流过程与二维系统不同。文章通过SEAWAT-2000进行数值模拟,系统研究了二维和三维系统中的变密度溶质运移过程,利用舍伍德数、空间矩和稀释指数量化了系统的不稳定性和溶质扩散、稀释程度。结果表明:二维系统产生分散指流,而三维系统中因扩散程度的增强使得分散指流的产生受到抑制,但是,三维系统的不稳定性比二维系统更强,对流入渗更快,与指流的产生与否并无直接关联。另外,三维系统中溶质的稀释程度大于二维系统,但溶质在二维系统中将更快接近稀释的最大值,传统二阶中心矩可能会造成自由对流和不稳定性溶质运移过程中溶质扩散和稀释程度的错误估计。研究结果将有助于正确预测三维自然含水层中的自由对流和溶质运移。     

变密度声波全波形反演中密度影响因素及反演策略

密度信息可预测储层流体饱和度,因此获取可靠的密度参数已成为全波形反演中首要考虑的问题。为了获得更稳定的反演密度,本文从频率、初始速度模型、初始密度模型和密度速度同时反演四个方面对密度的影响进行了研究。根据研究测试结果制定了稳定的反演策略：首先将密度固定,反演速度,此时波动方程中不再含有密度项,因而可以得到准确的速度模型;将其作为初始速度模型进行速度、密度同时反演,可以较好地减小速度对密度的影响。理论模型测试结果充分说明了策略的有效性。     

小尺度含水层热量运移试验研究及热弥散效应评估

将小尺度含水层热机械弥散系数模型应用于对流弥散传热过程中,推导了该条件下对流弥散热量运移的解析解,结合试验进行验证,对含水层热弥散效应进行评估,结果表明,热机械弥散系数等于1×10-2 W/(m?°C)可以作为热弥散对温度场影响的临界点,从而将热机械弥散系数的分布划分为不可忽略的三角区域和可以忽略的多边形区域;明确了自然含水层结构条件下纵向热弥散度范围,从小尺度的热弥散研究结果来看,纵向热弥散度最大值为厘米数量级,它与野外大尺度条件下热弥散度的研究成果有着显著差异,表明热弥散尺度效应的存在,这将是进一步开展研究工作的方向。     

长春西部串湖含水介质弥散试验及污染质运移研究

水动力弥散系数是建立地下水水质模型,进行地下水溶质运移研究的重要参数。在野外调查的基础上,设计并开展了室内二维水动力弥散试验,应用直线图解法确定了研究区含水介质的纵向、横向弥散系数。建立了该区地下水溶质运移模型,并对其进行了预测分析。     

野外非饱和土壤中溶质运移的试验研究

通过在野外3×6m2面积上均匀入渗条件下非饱和土壤溶质运移试验,同时对8个点定时取样,得到170cm深度内土壤溶液浓度和含水量剖面分布.据此研究了小区域范围内土壤水分和溶质的运移特征,讨论了土壤水分和盐分分布的空间变异性和统计特征.研究结果表明,在本试验条件下,土壤溶液浓度剖面的空间变异性远大于土壤水分剖面.单一测点的取样结果不能代表区域的溶质运移特征.区域上溶质浓度的平均结果能反映溶质运移的基本规律.由于土壤结构等因素的影响,不动水体含量占土壤含水量的24%～39%.     

Modelling Transport of Linearly Sorbing Solutes in a Single Fracture: Asymptotic Behavior of Solute Velocity and Dispersivity

The asymptotic behavior of the solute velocity and dispersivity for a system of parallel fractures with matrix diffusion is made using numerical modeling and theoretical analyses. The study is limited to linearly sorbing solutes with a constant continuous source boundary condition. Expressions are provided for solute velocity and effective dispersivity in terms of fracture porosity during asymptotic stage using spatial moment analyses. The importance of matrix porosity and fracture porosity on solute velocity as well as the relationship governing effective dispersivity and fracture porosity is discussed for both non-reactive and linearly sorbing solutes. By using a dimensionless effective dispersivity parameter it is shown that the relationship between the fracture porosity and dimensionless effective dispersivity is linear for non-reactive solutes. It is also shown that this holds true for the linearly sorbing solutes with the same proportionality constant.     

野外非饱和土壤水流运动速度的空间变异性及其对溶质运移的影响

根据野外非饱和溶质运移试验资料,分析了港质运移速度的空间变异性,求得了呈对数正态分布的流速分布函数,并依此推导出有效弥散系数α=0.068t.根据流速的随机分布特征,分别用带有随机参数的对流模型、对流一弥散模型和传统的对流-弥散模型,求得了区域平均浓度分布及其方差.计算结果与实测结果拟合良好.通过分析得到,浓度方差与浓度梯度成正比,与孔隙弥散系数成反比,方差最大值分布在浓度锋面附近.     

基于原状土柱土壤水分传感器率定方法的研究

土壤水分传感器在现场安装后,需要针对现场土壤状况对其进行率定,以便校准率定关系。在工程实践中,土壤水分传感器现场率定是一项步骤繁杂、操作要求高、现场取土难度大、耗时较长的一项工作,严重困扰工程项目的实施。开展基于原状土柱率定土壤水分传感器研究,通过现场采集原状土柱,在实验室浸泡至饱和后取出,让土壤水分自然散失,用称重法定期称量原状土柱重量,同时记录土壤水分传感器原始测量值,以此来研究土壤水分传感器的工程率定问题,探讨提高现场安装的土壤水分传感器率定效率的方法,具有现实意义。     

Bearing Capacity of Embedded Strip Footings on Cohesionless Soil Under Vertical and Horizontal Loads

In the last decades a few attention was given to the evaluation of the bearing capacity of embedded footing under inclined loads on a frictional soil. This paper focuses on a numerical study using the finite-difference code Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua (FLAC), to evaluate the bearing capacity of embedded strip footing on a frictional soil. The soil is modeled by an elasto-plastic model with a Mohr–Coulomb yield criterion and associative flow rule; the effect of non-associativity of the soil on the bearing capacity is also investigated. The effect of the embedment is estimated though a depth factor, defined as a ratio of the bearing capacity of a strip footing at a depth D to that of a strip footing at the ground surface. The inclination effect is estimated by inclination factors, defined as the ratio of the limit vertical load for a footing under inclined loading to that of the vertically loaded footing. Both swipe and probe analyses were carried out to identify the vertical force–horizontal force (V–H) failure envelope. The results have been compared with those available in the literature.     

粘性土壤溶质运移新模型的应用

将Moldrup等提出的模拟水流和溶质运移的运动平均斜率模型和运动浓度斜率模型联合,模拟了重粘土在入渗和蒸发条件下的水盐动态并与特征-有限差分数值模型的计算结果进行了比较。在模拟过程中新模型显示出更加高效的优点,这对粘性土壤地区盐渍化趋势的长期预报具有重要的实际意义。     

非均质含水层中渗流与溶质运移研究进展简

Natural aquifer heterogeneity controls the groundwater flow and solute transport, and how to accurately quantify the flow and solute transport in heterogeneous aquifers has received wide attention by many scholars, and has become a hot research topic in earth science. Theoretically, a systematic review is given by the following aspect: flow and solute transport model, moment analysis, multi scale analysis. The resolved and remained issues for scale conversion in hydrogeology research are pointed out. Secondly, recent advances of heterogeneous field test, uncertainty and velocity connectivity are analyzed. Finally, the geophysical inversion of aquifer heterogeneity, stochastic theory and development of stochastic simulation software, scale conversion and uncertainty of velocity connectivity, and the relationship between heterogeneity and hydrogeological condition on the major four aspects of the future research direction is pointed out.     

裂隙网络管道模型弥散试验

为了探求不同裂隙几何参数对裂隙网络溶质运移的影响,基于离散裂隙网络思想和优势流、沟槽流理论,建立裂隙管道网络概念模型,搭建不同管径、不同连通方式的管道网络试验装置,进行渗流和溶质运移实验。运用应用广泛的模拟软件CHEMFLO-2000建立等效多孔介质模型,拟合不同几何参数下等效弥散度,定量刻画不同管道网络几何参数对溶质运移的影响,讨论了不同管径、连通方式等与等效弥散度之间的关系。通过进一步分析得出:在连通方式相同的情况下,不同管径的管道网络等效弥散度存在差异,但是差异不大;溶质在小管径中的穿透时间短于大管径,穿透曲线缓和程度相差不大;管道网络连通方式越复杂,其等效弥散度越大、对溶质运移的影响越大、穿透曲线越缓和、路径越长,等效弥散度越大;用这种等效弥散度的方法表征管道网络对溶质运移的影响,与多孔介质弥散度具有相似性;管道数目、管道面数目与等效弥散度成正相关关系,且等效弥散度随尺度的增大而增加。     

Estimation of Pullout Capacity of Vertical Plate Anchors in Cohesionless Soil Using MARS

Vertical plate anchors provide an economical solution to safely resist the large horizontal forces experienced by the foundation of different structures such as bulkheads, sheet piles, retaining walls and so forth. This paper develops a multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS) model-based approach for the determination of horizontal pullout capacity (P _u ) of vertical plate anchors buried in cohesionless soil by utilizing experimental results reported by different researchers. Based on the collection of forty different pullout experimental test results reported in the literature for anchors buried in loose to dense cohesionless soil with an embedment ratio ranges from 1 to 5, a predictive approach for P _u of vertical plate anchors has been developed in terms of non-dimensional pullout coefficient (M _γq ). The capability of the proposed MARS model for estimating the values of M _γq is examined by comparing the results obtained in the present study with those methods available in the literature. Using different statistical error measure criteria, this study indicates that the present approach is efficient in estimating the horizontal pullout capacity of vertical plate anchors as compared to other methods. The sensitivity analysis indicates that the embedment ratio (H/h, where H = embedment depth of anchor, and h = height of anchor) and internal friction angle (?) of soil mass are the two most important parameters for the evaluation of non-dimensional pullout coefficient (M _γq ) using the proposed MARS model.     

基于溶质运移模拟的某化工场地污染物对拟建水库污染风险预测

溶质运移模拟是污染风险预测的一种有效手段。本研究为查明研究区内某有机污染场地作为污染源对拟建水库的影响,基于对区内流场的精确测量,建立了准确的地下水流模型和化工厂泄露有机污染物的溶质运移模型,预测分析了研究区拟建水库修建前、后地下水流场及污染物迁移情形的变化。模拟结果表明：水库和周边两种设计水头的截渗沟建成后,改变了自然条件下的流场,形成水库向截渗沟排泄、截渗沟向周边排泄以及水库和周边区域均向截渗沟排泄两种地下水流场。某些污染羽扩散范围虽比自然条件下有所增大,但向水库方向的扩散均未超出300 m,不会对水库水质构成污染风险。