电成像测井储层非均质性评价方法在川东北G地区FC段地层的应用

岩心、成像测井资料表明川东北G地区FC段碳酸盐岩储层溶孔、裂缝发育,非均质性较强.根据溶孔、裂缝的发育程度与分布特征,可划分为6种典型储层类型.因此,有效评价储层非均质、划分储层类型是该区油气勘探与开发工作的关键.电成像测井资料能通过定性识别孔洞与裂缝对储层非均质性进行定性评价,但是由于缺乏能综合表征溶孔、裂缝等特征的定量参数,使得电成像测井资料对储层非均质性的定量表征存在问题.为此,基于分形理论,提出一种电成像测井定量评价方法,即计算电成像测井图像的分形维数来定量描述储层非均质性.储层类型与分形维数相关分析表明,分析维数可综合表征储层溶孔、裂缝,评价储层非均质性.应用实例表明,基于电成像测井分形维数的非均质性表征与储层类型划分应用效果较好,推动了该区的油气勘探与开发工作.     

应用恒速压汞定量评价特低渗透砂岩的微观孔喉非均质性——以鄂尔多斯盆地西峰油田长8储层为例

为定量评价特低渗透砂岩的微观孔喉非均质性,以鄂尔多斯盆地西峰油田长8储层为例,利用先进的恒速压汞技术对孔喉参数进行了测试.结果表明,不同渗透率级别的样品,孔隙参数的差异小,非均质性弱,孔隙半径介于80～300 μm范围内;微观孔喉的非均质性主要体现在喉道特征参数上,喉道参数制约储层品质影响开发效果;样品渗透率越大,喉道半径越大,分布范围越宽,大喉道含量越高,同时大喉道对渗透率的贡献也随之增加,渗透性主要由占少部分的较大喉道来贡献;平均喉道半径和主流喉道半径与渗透率表现出了非常好的相关关系,渗透率越小,受喉道参数的影响程度越强.较大的孔喉比和较宽的分布区间是特低渗透砂岩储层的显著特点,也是开发效果差的主要原因,不同渗透率级别的储层,开发过程中应根据喉道大小及其分布范围区别对待.     

巷道前方煤体波速与瓦斯参数相关分析研究

为了获取掘进巷道前方煤体地震波速度和瓦斯参数间的对应关系,以阳泉五矿为实施矿井.采用矿井地震波速度超前探测方法对掘进煤巷进行探测,通过初至波拾取获得地震波原始记录中纵、横波速,并与巷道前方30m范围内平均瓦斯参数作相关分析.分析结果表明:一定条件下,煤体瓦斯含量越高,其地震波纵、横波速度越低.运用曲线拟合对纵、横波视速度与瓦斯绝对涌出量和瓦斯浓度进行拟合发现:纵、横波视速度与瓦斯绝对涌出量间存在ΔP=-4.6415Vp-2.7048Vs+16.1353的负线性关系;纵、横波视速度与瓦斯浓度间存在η=-0.9302Vp-0.5704Vs+3.3132的负线性关系,并对线性拟合结果进行验证表明:在误差允许范围内,计算值与实测值基本吻合.最后计算得到适用于太原组15#煤层及变质程度更高煤层的视速度瓦斯预警指标:Vp=2.00m/ms和Vs=0.73m/ms.     

MT激电效应的模拟研究及在油气检测中的应用

本文引入Cole-Cole模型来模拟大地的激发极化效应,对三层水平地层且中间层为极化层的大地电磁测深的视电阻率进行了理论计算,分析了极化参数对视电阻率曲线的影响规律.采用广义逆方法对三层水平地层且中间层为极化层的模型进行了反演研究,结果表明该反演方法能够较好地确定地层电阻率的同时获得地层激电参数,应用于实际资料的反演时,反演结果与已知含油气地层的实际参数十分吻合.     

地震次生毒气泄漏与扩散数值模拟的参数分析

本文在破坏性地震中可能发生的次生毒气泄漏与扩散灾害的数值模拟与动态仿真研究的基础上，分析了影响毒气扩散的主要参数。在设定的几种工况下，给出相应的图表结果，直观地描述了各参数对扩散过程的影响。进一步验证了所采用毒气扩散简化模型的准确性，对大震应急和防御与减轻城市和大型企业的地震次生毒气泄漏与扩散灾害都有重要的意义。     

北京地区最新重力潮汐结果及其在检测液核共振效应中的应用

利用中国计量科学研究院北京昌平基地iGrav-012超导重力仪最新观测资料,对其作仔细地预处理,根据调和分析方法精密测定了重力潮汐参数,基于负荷理论与卷积积分技术获得了包含HAM11a,DTU10,EOT11a在内的14个全球海潮模型的重力海潮负荷效应,利用近周日频段内潮波振幅因子的共振效应求解了自由核章动（FCN）的本征参数.调和分析结果表明,重力潮汐的观测精度非常高,标准差达到1.184 nm·s^-2.基于加汉宁窗的快速傅里叶变换方法获得地震频段的地震噪声等级（SNM）为0.206,说明该台站是低背景噪声的.周日主波O₁和K₁经海潮模型作负荷效应改正的平均有效性分别为83%和85%;使用13个高精度海潮模型进行迭积计算获得的FCN本征周期为430.0（427.8,432.3）恒星日,品质因子Q值为-5137.

     

Tri-frequency spectrum method and results for resolving the parameters of Earth's liquid core free nutation

The parameters of Earth free core nutation (FCN) are two relatively significant geophysical parameters. Sasao et al. (1980) and Wahr and Bergen (1986) provided the theoretical estimation values of FCN parameters. Gwinn, Herring and Shapiro (1987) first obtained the observational values of FCN parameters by very long base Interference (VLBI) at Cambridge University. In the same year, Neuberg and Zürn in former West Germany and Hinderer in France began to retrieve FCN parameters by the observation of gravity tides and introduced the stacking method. The other scholars who researched into the same geophysical problems by applying the data of gravity tides basically followed the stacking method. The results they reached were similar to the observational result of FCN parameters given by Neuberg et al. in 1987. But the observational results of FCN parameters gained from gravity tides were not identical with those from VLBI, mainly because of the large difference of quality of FCN. So there was not an affirmative observational result of FCN parameters since then. In this paper, The authors firstly introduce the tri-frequency spectrum method with clearly geometrical and geophysical meaning for the resolution of FCN parameters, and the observational results of FCN parameters obtained from tide data at three superconducting gravity stations were accordant with those from VLBI, which will be relatively important to arriving at a certain observational result of FCN parameters.     

中深层天然气藏地震预测技术研究

济阳坳陷天然气资源丰富,已在多个层系发现了不同类型的中深层天然气藏,由于气藏地质条件、地震反射复杂,针对不同的气藏需采用不同的地震预测技术。本文在中深层天然气藏地质特点分析的基础上进行了岩石物理、地震反演、地震属性等预测技术研究,结果表明：中层气藏储层物性较好,储层与围岩的岩石物理参数差异明显,应用亮点、AVO、叠前弹性阻抗反演技术可较好地识别预测三角洲砂岩气藏;针对深层低孔低渗砂岩气藏,地震属性及多属性反演是有效的储层预测技术,并预测了孤北地区二叠系有利储集相带分布,结合构造分析,指出了孤北地区深层气勘探方向。     

Detection of gas reservoirs by the joint use of P- and PS-waves: A case study on the Ordos basin, China

We present an example of using converted-waves for characterizing onshore gas reservoirs in the Ordos basin in Northwest China. The Ordos basin is the largest gas province in China. The main gas reservoirs (about 3 300 m in depth) are in upper Paleozoic sandstone that has low or reversed P-wave impedance and is immediately above a coal seam. This makes it very difficult to image the gas reservoirs using conventional P-wave data. Analysis of core, log and VSP data shows a weak PP reflection but a relatively ...     

致密砂岩气储层的岩石物理模型研究

根据鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田以往实测和新测的共17口井51块岩样超声波实验数据,得到304组不同孔隙度和不同含水饱和度下对应的纵横波速度、泊松比等弹性参数.重新优选计算体积模量和泊松比与含气饱和度的关系,表明苏里格气田上古生界二叠系石盒子组盒8致密砂岩储层的模型与Brie模型（e=2）相似度最高.由此建立的苏里格气田储层岩石物理模型,更好的表征了致密岩石储层物理参数随含气饱和度变化规律,为该区储层预测提供了理论依据.致密储层岩石物理模型研究成果应用于苏里格气田多波地震资料气水预测中,实际例子表明该模型适用于该区的储层和含气性预测,并取得了较好的效果.     

Tri-frequency spectrum method and results for resolving the parameters of Earth’s liquid core free nutation

The parameters of Earth free core nutation (FCN) are two relatively significant geophysical parameters. Sasao et al. (1980) and Wahr and Bergen (1986) provided the theoretical estimation values of FCN parameters. Gwinn, Herring and Shapiro (1987) first obtained the observational values of FCN parameters by very long base Interference (VLBI) at Cambridge University. In the same year, Neuberg and Zürn in former West Germany and Hinderer in France began to retrieve FCN parameters by the observation of gravity tides and introduced the stacking method. The other scholars who researched into the same geophysical problems by applying the data of gravity tides basically followed the stacking method. The results they reached were similar to the observational result of FCN parameters given by Neuberg et al. in 1987. But the observational results of FCN parameters gained from gravity tides were not identical with those from VLBI, mainly because of the large difference of quality of FCN. So there was not an affirmative observational result of FCN parameters since then. In this paper, The authors firstly introduce the tri-frequency spectrum method with clearly geometrical and geophysical meaning for the resolution of FCN parameters, and the observational results of FCN parameters obtained from tide data at three superconducting gravity stations were accordant with those from VLBI, which will be relatively important to arriving at a certain observational result of FCN parameters.     

沉积盆地、结晶基底和油、气成因理念与第二深度空间勘探和开发

在石油、天然气的勘探和开发研究中,涉及到深部空间的介质、结构和属性,在沉积建造上涉及到陆相沉积、海相沉积和火山岩相,在油、气成因理论上涉及到有机成因和无机成因,在机制上涉及到深部流体的分异、调整、运移和动力作用.这些本质性问题的研究和探讨是人们十分关注的科学领域.基于油、气生、储和形成的理论、应用和成效的研究提出,有几个基础性的理念问题必须重新认识,特别是沉积建造与古老变质岩结晶基底;双相（海相和陆相）沉积建造与盆地的内涵和双基（有机和无机）混合油、气成因理念.清晰地厘定这些认识不仅有益于对油、气形成、聚集和勘探及开发给出一个更为科学的深部空间,即第二深度空间（5000~10000 m）的油、气勘探,而更为重要的是基于对这些理念的重新认识和深化研究可构建新的思路或理论,且在新的理念导向下,强化油、气深部勘探,以期能在理论研究和实践应用中取得新的成效,发现大型与超大型油、气田.