新旧动能转换在海洋经济发展质量中的作用评析——以青岛市为例

新旧动能转换是经济发展进入新常态的显著特征。坚持新发展理念,深化海洋领域供给侧结构性改革,是推动经济高质量发展、提升海洋中心城市区域影响力的要求。以青岛为例,利用海洋经济发展质量评价指标体系在对比分析了部分沿海先进城市海洋经济发展现状及潜力的基础上,探讨了青岛在海洋经济新旧动能转换中存在的突出问题,提出了青岛加快海洋产业智能化改造、推动海洋新兴产业突破性发展、推进动能供给各环节协同发展等对策建议,为推动海洋经济新旧动能转换提供参考。     

基于海洋命运共同体理念的粤港澳大湾区海洋协同发展策略研究

海洋命运共同体理念与粤港澳大湾区海洋协同发展共同蕴含着“各美其美,美人之美,美美与共,天下大同”的理念。文章在探讨海洋命运共同体理念与粤港澳大湾区海洋协同发展的内在联系的基础上,结合粤港澳大湾区协同发展的现状和特点,提出基于海洋命运共同体理念的粤港澳大湾区海洋协同发展的7项策略,包括：建立海洋合作协调机制;加强涉海产业合作统筹谋划;以绿色发展理念优化海洋发展环境;以人才为牵引开展多层次合作交流;建立多方联动的应急保障服务平台;讲好粤港澳大湾区海洋协同发展故事;强化跟踪分析和督促检查。     

供给侧结构性改革背景下的我国海洋渔业

为更加清晰和客观地认知我国海洋渔业的发展情况,促进海洋渔业转方式、调结构,推动农业现代化建设和渔业经济发展,文章以供给侧结构性改革为背景,以海洋捕捞和海水养殖为主要内容,从供给规模、产业结构、地区分布、品种结构和生产方式5个方面,梳理我国海洋渔业的供给和结构;分析我国海洋渔业供给侧存在的主要问题,包括海洋生态环境破坏和渔业资源衰退、海洋捕捞过度以及海水养殖效率、方式和品种结构不合理。在此基础上,提出我国海洋渔业供给侧结构性改革的建议:加强海洋生态环境保护,合理有序开发利用海洋渔业资源;控制近海捕捞强度,发展远洋渔业;转变养殖发展方式,优化养殖品种结构。     

海洋经济持续发挥引擎作用——2018年中国海洋经济运行情况分析

2018年是全面贯彻党的十九大精神开局之年,在以习近平同志为核心的党中央的坚强领导下,各地各部门认真贯彻落实党中央和国务院各项决策部署,积极稳妥应对国内外复杂多变的形势,海洋经济保持总体平稳的发展态势,海洋经济实力不断增强,产业结构不断优化,新兴产业快速发展,供给侧结构性改革持续推进,海洋经济发展质量进一步提升。     

我国海洋科技发展与“一带一路”国家合作研究

21世纪是"海洋的世纪",发展海洋事业已成为全世界的一种广泛共识。党的十九大提出了"坚持陆海统筹,加快建设海洋强国"的重大战略部署,海上合作是"一带一路"建设聚焦的重点领域之一。在新的形势下,通过全面总结我国海洋科技进展,系统分析"一带一路"国家海洋科技合作重点领域情况,我国应在已有良好合作的基础上,更进一步推进双边海洋科技合作伙伴关系,建立海洋领域联合研究中心,结合重点方向,积极开展联合科学研究和技术应用,实现技术装备和数据产品的共享,促进海洋经济发展,加强海洋技术的转移转化,开展人员交流培训和合作研究,互学互鉴、互利共赢,提升我国海洋科技的创新力和国际影响力,加快构建海洋命运共同体,为推动人类命运共同体作出积极贡献。     

中国和葡萄牙海洋科技合作实践

中葡海洋合作是构建人类命运共同体和海洋共同体的重要实践。为了更好地推动中葡两国的合作,文章以中葡双方海洋科技合作为视角,分析了两国间开展合作的优势及合作现状,并提出了建立中葡海洋科技交流机制性平台、推动建立中葡联合海洋研究中心、积极推进中葡海洋科技项目务实合作等建议,期望对今后中葡海洋领域深入合作提供参考。     

战略规划引领推动海洋事业和海洋经济发展再上新台阶

在国家海洋局党组的正确领导下,“ 十三五” 开局之年,规划与经济工作围绕编制实施全国海洋主体功能区规划、全国海洋经济发展“十三五”规划、国家海洋局“十三五”发展与改革规划、“智慧海洋”与海洋信息化、加强海洋经济运行监测与促进海洋经济可持续发展等重点工作,深化战略研究,加快推进落实,较好地完成了各项任务。2017年,是实施“十三五”规划的重要一年,是供给侧结构性改革的深化之年,也是全面建成小康社会的攻坚之年,海洋战略规划与经济工作将紧紧围绕全国海洋工作会议的部署,尽职履责,团结协作,强化责任意识,转变工作作风,确保2017 年各项任务圆满完成。     

生态命运共同体视角下完善海洋环境合作治理机制建设研究

为有效应对我国海洋环境污染和提高海洋环境治理现代化水平,文章以辽宁为例,在生态命运共同体理念的指导下分析海洋环境治理现状及其存在的问题,基于信息融合技术建立海洋环境合作治理机制并提出对策建议。研究结果表明：加强海洋环境治理是海洋经济高质量和可持续发展的重要保障,目前亟待解决的突出问题主要包括陆海联动和多元主体参与机制不...     

恢复图们江出海权对东北亚区域经济政治和我国东北地区的影响和对策

为充分发挥图们江特殊地理位置的重要作用,促进国际和国内区域发展,文章分析恢复图们江出海权对东北亚区域经济政治和我国东北地区的影响,并提出对策建议。研究结果表明：我国恢复图们江出海权具有法理依据和现实需求;恢复图们江出海权对东北亚区域的能源和资源合作开发、中蒙俄经济走廊建设、环日本海国家经济合作以及东北亚区域政治格局具有重要影响,同时有利于我国东北地区维护边境地区安全、促进海洋经济发展、振兴东北老工业基地、打造海运通道和平衡区域经济发展;我国应抓住历史机遇,积极借助国际组织力量、对接各国发展需求以及以经济发展取代政治分歧,尽快恢复图们江出海权,为国际和国内区域发展提供保障。     

基于人类命运共同体的我国海洋防灾减灾体系建设

随着全球气候变化加剧,海洋灾害发生的可能性变得越来越大,为了减少海洋灾害造成的损害后果,以及能够在共同面对海洋灾害风险中承担起大国责任,我国需要建立完善的国内海洋防灾救灾体系与灾害防御国际合作机制。通过阐述海洋灾害防御的国际合作模式,分析当前我国参与的国际合作以及其中存在的问题,进而对如何完善我国海洋灾害防御国际合作机制以及构建具有中国特色的海洋灾害风险管理体制进行探讨,以期得到稳定的海洋环境,更好地构建海洋命运共同体与人类命运共同体。     

Model of the post-Cenozoic evolution of the cryolithozone of the shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea

The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level.     

Investigation of the mechanism of the long-term evolution of the carbon cycle in the ecosystem of the Sevastopol bay

We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability.     

Contemporary state of the investigation of the influence of the discharge of rivers on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea

We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic regime of the sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺的检测方法初步研究

研究的目的是探索一种检测双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺含量的方法。以栉孔扇贝(Chlamysfarreri)和长牡蛎(Crassostreagigas)为实验对象,研究了取样、抗氧化剂、氧化铝用量以及Tris缓冲液用量等对实验结果的影响。结果表明,高效液相色谱电化学检测器法(HPLC-ECD)可以灵敏高效地对双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺进行定性、定量检测。实验表明,取样时间最长不超过1.5min;还原性谷胱甘肽作抗氧化剂效果较好;前处理各试剂与血样量的最适配比为血样量1.5mL,Tris缓冲液(1.5mol/L,pH8.6)1mL和氧化铝25mg;水洗后离心并尽可能吸干氧化铝中的水分。去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素和多巴胺的回收率分别为53%~69%、47%~73%和48%~56%。     

黄河入海径流对河口海域盐度影响研究

为研究黄河入海径流变化条件下河口附近海域盐度扩散特征,以更好地保护河口海域生物资源多样性,本文以黄河下游利津水文站的长序列实测径流数据资料为基础,利用近海水动力模型FVCOM,分析径流变化对黄河口海域盐度的影响规律。结果表明：黄河口与莱州湾之间存在顺时针的环流系统,在余流作用以及涨落潮方向的影响下,黄河冲淡水长期向莱州湾扩散;丰水期黄河冲淡水几乎影响了整个莱州湾,27盐度锋可以到达莱州湾中部,27等盐线的表层包络面积为2 665.61 km²,占莱州湾的1/4左右,枯水期低盐度水只有向南扩散的趋势,27以下的低盐度水集中分布在黄河口门附近,27等盐线的表层包络面积只有199.65 km²;5月份,随着入海径流量增加,27等盐线扩散的范围、距离、方向都会发生明显变化。在对近海生物资源有迫切保护需求的情景下,适当减少其他用水户供水量以增加入海生态径流量,可以有效改善黄河口海域附近的盐度情况,为生物资源的生长繁殖创造良好条件。     

Modelling of the ecosystem of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube

We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the shelf zone and open sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

The influence of the bottom contour on the deformed state of the ice cover due to the motion of the submarine

The authors have previously determined that the effectiveness and failure pattern of the ice cover caused by flexural-gravity waves generated by a submerged body motion near the bottom ice can greatly depend on the depth of the water area. In its turn, the presence of a ledge on the ice surface may affect a wave propagation pattern. This paper presents an experimental study of the bottom contour influence on the deflection and length of flexural-gravity waves. The authors describe a numerical model for the analysis of the deformed state of ice caused by hydrodynamic loads due to a submarine motion, taking into account the bottom contour. The experiments are carried out in the ice tank. The results of calculations and experiments are compared.     

Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east

A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state.     

Dynamics of the ice cover and peculiarities of the ice transportation of the sediments at the tidal flats of the Kandalaksha Gulf of the White Sea

Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m³ from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m³ on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area.     

北黄海海域大气湍流强度特征及风速标准差相似性分析

根据国家海洋局"908"专项北黄海海区海洋气象观测资料,计算了2007～2008年间该海区4个不同季节的大气湍流强度并与其他海区及陆地下垫面大气湍流值相比较.北黄海海区大气湍流强度量级为10-2,比陆地下垫面大气湍流强度低一个量级.由于海洋的特殊性质,对秋季大气湍流强度日变化的分析发现,在大气湍流强度的影响因素中,海洋的热力作用相对较大.对水平方向风速标准差是否满足Monin-Obukhov相似关系进行了探讨,数据显示,在不稳定层结下冬季水平方向无量纲风速标准差与Z/L的关系,基本满足1/3次方律.秋冬在不稳定层结下垂直方向风速标准差满足Monin-Obukhov相似理论.