应用Hakanson指数法评价玉环县污水处理有限公司邻近海域沉积物综合潜在生态风险

2011年8月对玉环县污水处理有限公司邻近海域表层沉积物进行了监测,应用Hakanson指数法对排污口邻近海域沉积物进行了评价,评价结果表明:玉环县污水处理有限公司邻近海域沉积物质量良好,综合潜在生态风险低。     

应用犎犪犽犪狀狊狅狀指数法评价玉环县污水处理有限公司邻近海域沉积物综合潜在生态风险

2011年8月对玉环县污水处理有限公司邻近海域表层沉积物进行了监测,应用Hakanson指数法对排污口邻近海域沉积物进行了评价,评价结果表明：玉环县污水处理有限公司邻近海域沉积物质量良好,综合潜在生态风险低。     

应用Hanson指数法评价玉环县污水处理有限公司邻近海域沉积物综合潜在生态风险

２０１１年８月对玉环县污水处理有限公司邻近海域表层沉积物进行了监测,应用Ｈａｋａｎｓｏｎ指数法对排污口邻近海域沉积物进行了评价,评价结果表明：玉环县污水处理有限公司邻近海域沉积物质量良好,综合潜在生态风险低。     

烟台邻近海域水质与富营养化时空变化趋势分析

根据1994年8月、2001年8月和2006年8月在烟台市邻近海域3个区域的监测资料,分别运用单因子标准指数法、有机污染评价指数法评价了3个区域水质质量状况,并运用营养状态质量指数法进行了营养状况评价.结果表明:由3 a的评价指数可知,芝罘湾及四千里湾的水质状况有很大改善,水体不再呈现出富营养化状态;套子湾海域的水体呈现出富营养化的状态;烟台外海水质情况良好,但倾倒区海域水质状况略差,建议将倾倒区向烟台外海迁移.     

不得不说的入海排污口

上图为“2005年重点入海排污口排污状况评价”示意图。《公报》显示：有270个排污口设置在海水增养殖区邻近海域，70个排污口设置在风景旅游区邻近海域，这直接导致了排污口邻近增养殖区环境恶化；海产品的食用安全风险增加；旅游风景区水体透明度普遍降低，海水浴场环境受到影响；港口航运区环境恶化趋势加重。     

优化模糊综合评价法在厦门湾水质评价中的应用

文章采用模糊综合评价法,选取厦门湾海域2018年春、夏、秋三季水质监测数据进行水质综合评价。结果表明：厦门西部海域、同安湾、九龙江河口区为污染严重的区域,为Ⅳ类水体;南部海域、东部海域和大嶝海域的水质状况良好,以Ⅰ类水体为主;DIN和DIP为影响厦门湾水质的主要污染物。结合采用面积比法的模糊综合评价结果显示,2018年厦门湾整体处于Ⅲ类水体状况,水质状况有待进一步提升。     

厦门海域水体富营养化状况综合评价

以2003—2012年厦门海域监测数据为基础,参考美国第二代富营养化评价方法,针对厦门海域实际监测特点并结合我国水体富营养化研究现状与评价标准,进行部分改良,使其更适用于该海域水体的富营养化状况评价。应用此评价体系,本文研究了厦门海域水体富营养化压力程度;以叶绿素a为初级症状指标、以底层溶解氧及赤潮发生状况为次级症状指标分析了水体富营养化的状态水平;并通过结合厦门海域整治、人口增长趋势、经济发展趋势以及周边营养盐入海现状等因素预测了未来厦门海域水体富营养化压力变化趋势。结果表明,厦门海域水体综合评价等级为中等富营养化程度,其中压力等级为中高、状态和响应的评价等级均为中级。该评价结果较好地反映了厦门海域水体富营养化程度、压力和症状,便于海洋管理部门对厦门海域环境容量进行监控与管理。     

长江口及其邻近海域富营养化状况评价

通过对长江口及其邻近海域生态环境参数的背景值(20世纪50-60年代)和现状值(1997-2003年)的比较,应用欧盟“综合评价法”对长江口及其邻近海域的富营养化状况进行了评价。结果表明,长江向长江口海域输送总氮和总磷通量持续增大,长江口及其邻近海域无机氮浓度持续增高而硅浓度持续下降,并由此导致N/P/Si比值的显著变化;该海域叶绿素a浓度持续增大,浮游植物群落结构也发生了显著变化;该海域底栖生物种类和生物量都大大减少,底层水低氧区面积也显著扩大;该海域赤潮事件无论是规模还是频率都大大增加,藻类毒素DSP/PSP贻贝传染事件也时有发生。综合以上4类评价因子的评价结果得出结论:长江口及其邻近海域属于富营养化“问题海域”,即有充分证据表明,人为的富营养化已经对长江口及其邻近海域的海洋生态系统造成不良干扰。     

基于FY-3A的湛江湾及其邻近海域叶绿素a遥感监测研究

叶绿素a质量浓度是水体水环境一个重要指标。本文结合实测的叶绿素a质量浓度、水体的光谱数据和FY-3A中等分辨率成像光谱仪的数据,研究利用FY-3A遥感监测湛江湾及其邻近海域叶绿素a质量浓度的可行性。研究结果表明,湛江湾海域大部水体接近一类水体,二类水体主要集中在湛江港附近的狭小封闭海域;OC4算法可以用于湛江湾海域的叶绿素a质量浓度的遥感监测,实测叶绿素a质量浓度与反演的叶绿素a质量浓度具有较好的相关性,相关系数R达到0.7以上;FY-3A中等分辨率成像光谱仪的数据可以较好地反映湛江湾海域叶绿素a质量浓度的空间分布。     

岚山港海洋临时倾倒区水质评价及变化趋势分析

根据2009年9月岚山港海洋临时倾倒区海域水质监测数据,采用单因子质量指数法对该倾倒区的水质进行了评价;采用多项水质参数综合评价法、营养状态质量指数法及有机污染指数法对该倾倒区2000-2009年水质状况的变化趋势进行了分析.结果表明:2009年9月影响该海域表、底层水质的主要因素为无机氮、铜、铅和锌;海水水质综合评价指数Q表明2000年至2009年该倾倒区海水水质优劣顺序为:2000年＞2006年＞2004年＞2009年＞2008年,2000年至2009年该倾倒区海水营养状态质量指数NQI、有机污染指数A呈上升趋势,但海水水质为贫营养水平,无富营养化现象,水体质量状况良好.     

Model of the post-Cenozoic evolution of the cryolithozone of the shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea

The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level.     

Investigation of the mechanism of the long-term evolution of the carbon cycle in the ecosystem of the Sevastopol bay

We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability.     

Contemporary state of the investigation of the influence of the discharge of rivers on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea

We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic regime of the sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Modelling of the ecosystem of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube

We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the shelf zone and open sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Dynamics of the ice cover and peculiarities of the ice transportation of the sediments at the tidal flats of the Kandalaksha Gulf of the White Sea

Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m³ from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m³ on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area.     

Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east

A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state.     

Variability of the nutrient runoff of the rivers of the Arctic Basin

The spatiotemporal variability of the hydrochemical composition of the riverine runoff in nearmouth areas is presented using the example of selected rivers of the Arctic Basin. The temporal dynamics of the riverine nutrient runoff are mainly determined by the seasonal and interseasonal variations in the drainage basins. The spatial variations in the chemical composition of riverine waters in the near-mouth areas are mainly caused by the dynamics of the water flow and the river bed relief and, to a lesser degree, by biochemical processes. It is shown that the variations in the nutrient composition of the waters in near-mouth areas are comparable in magnitude to those at the river-sea geochemical barriers.     

Parameters of the sediments of the deep-water basin of the Black Sea

The methodology and the first results of the computations of the volumes, masses, and growth rates of the sedimentary body of the buried Black Sea basin are presented. Their temporal evolution reflects the regional paleogeodynamics, in particular, the reorientation of the vector of the relative movement of the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and the related intensification of their collision in the late Miocene-Pliocene.     

Modelling of the ecosystem on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea

Three mathematical models are considered: a two-dimensional model for calculating the concentration fields of the ecosystem components on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea, a pointwise model for the annual variation of the components, and a two predators-prey model. These models are used to study the effect of hydrodynamic conditions on the state of the shelf ecosystem and for research into the causes which distort the balance between marketable and unmarketable fish.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov.     

Evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea

The first data on the temporal evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea are obtained. The sharp change in the rate of the decrease in the slope steepness that occurred in the Late Miocene-Pliocene time reflects a reorientation of the vector of mutual movement and a related intensification of the collision between the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates.