LATE QUATERNARY AEOLIAN GEOMORPHOLOGY OF THE DALE LAKE SAND SHEET,SOUTHERN MOJAVE DESERT,CALIFORNIA

Geomorphological and sedimentological analysis of aeolian deposits, combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of quartz-grain surface characteristics, suggest six dune-building episodes during late Quaternary time in the southern Mojave Desert, California. The aeolian units accumulated largely in response to the lowering of water levels in lake basins and a consequent increase in fine sediment availability, and to stronger and more persistent winds, associated with rapidly changing environmental conditions. Peak dune deposition is believed to have taken place during the middle Holocene Altithermal between around 7.5 and 5 ka, a period characterized by greater aridity than the present. SEM analysis of the quartz surface textures indicates that mechanical and especially chemical weathering processes play a significant role in the post-depositional modification of aeolian sediments. Such evidence permits paleoenvironmental reconstruction during and since deposition, and a basis for the relative dating of aeolian sequences. Discriminant analysis using grain-size parameters, combined with principal components analysis of the SEM data from quartz-grain surfaces, is an effective analytical tool for distinguishing between spatially and temporally distributed aeolian deposits. [Key words: aeolian geomorphology, granulometry, quartz grain surface microfeatures, scanning electron microscopy, multivariate statistical analysis.]     

青海湖流域水量平衡要素的估算

本文对青海湖流域水量平衡各要素进行了讨论，并根据现有实测资料和经验公式着重对液域水量平衡起关键作用的流域平等降水，陆面蒸发和地表径流进行了计算。     

青海湖流域沼泽化草甸形成发育的主要气候因子

青海湖是一个较特殊的巨大微咸水湖。溥 海湖流域沼泽化草甸具有明显的湿地生境特征，其形成发育和时空分布的主要气候因子是大于等于１０℃的积温和５月至９月的降水及年湿润系数。根据主要气候因子作出了湿地率与该环境形成发育的主要气候因子的数学模型。     

西安南郊春季土壤碳释放研究

本文根据NaOH溶液吸收CO2的原理，对西安长延堡春季土壤CO2释放量进行了观测，对土壤CO2释放规律及其影响因素进行了探讨。资料表明，从春季的3月到5月，不同植被下土壤CO2释放量均呈增加的趋势；植被对土壤CO2释放量有一定影响，植被发育好，土壤CO2释放量大；从当日早晨到次日早晨，土壤CO2释放量呈现由低到高再到低的变化规律；土壤CO2释放量变化相对于气温的变化具有滞后性，表明土壤CO2释放量变化是受土壤温度制约的。     

极锋以南洋区N_2O源汇特性初析

N_2O是大气中最重要的温室气体之一,目前已经有大量的研究对海洋N_2O循环及海洋对N_2O收支的贡献进行追踪报道。然而,极区相关研究仍然十分有限。本研究利用中国第25、26次南极科学考察的机会,对南大洋进行的采样以及实验室分析,结果显示,南大洋表层海水存在亚热带锋附近N_2O过饱和,亚南极锋附近接近饱和,和极锋以南洋面的不饱和的特征。海冰融化后,其融冰水的注入是N2O不饱和特征形成的主要原因。运用正态分布选取站观测风速95%以上的风速范围进行平局估算出极锋以南洋区海气通量,结果显示,极锋区以南表层海水是大气N_2O的汇区,年吸收通量约为3.5×10~(-4)—7.7×10-4Tg·a-1(百万吨氮/年)。     

东南极、西南极4000年以来生物活动强度变化与南极冰芯的对比

利用南极中山站地区的冰退速率和奈拉湖湖相沉积物中的硫浓度分布特征推算了奈拉湖的沉积速度。以硫元素浓度作为湖相沉积物中生物活动强度的指标，对比了西南极长城站地区西湖沉积物和东南极中山站奈拉湖沉积物中生物活动强度的变化趋势，并与Ｄ１０冰芯中反映海洋生物活动强度的指标ＣＨ３ＳＯ－３的浓度变化趋势作对比。结果表明，４０００ａＢ．Ｐ．以来三者的历史变化趋势是明显一致的，１８５０～１１５０ａＢ．Ｐ．是生物活动的最宜期，这是全球环境变化在不同地点、不同类型沉积物中的表现。     

南大洋大气氧化亚氮分布特征

在执行中国第21次南极科学考察任务期间,于2004年11月15日至2005年2月2日在南大洋(澳大利亚以南以及中山站和长城站之间环绕南极海域)航线上采集大气氧化亚氮样品,并带回陆地实验室分析。结果显示,大气氧化亚氮浓度由澳大利亚至中山站航段的(309.6±1.6)nL/L上升至环绕南极冰边缘海区航段的(320.0±1.2)nL/L。这种南大洋大气中氧化亚氮浓度随纬度升高而升高的特征,可能与洋流作用,季节性海冰融化、生物作用以及近岸等的影响因素有关。     

南极中山站及毗邻地区湖泊与冰雪CODMn研究

在 CHINARE- 1 5考察期间对中山站及毗邻地区的湖泊和冰雪进行了采样。它们的CODMn指数与中国《地面水环境质量标准》相比 ,可分为三类 :一类水质所占比重最大 ,大约为56% ,二类和三类分别为 37%、7%。各类水体的 CODMn指数主要为自然源所贡献 ,人为污染不明显。湖水的 CODMn指数是生物生长状况、有机质含量、盐度和水体氧化还原程度的综合体现 ,新鲜降雪样的 CODMn指数指示了该地区的大气洁净度。     

LATE‐GLACIAL GLACIER EVENTS IN SOUTHERNMOST SOUTH AMERICA: A BLEND OF ‘NORTHERN’ AND 'SOUTHERN’ HEMISPHERIC CLIMATIC SIGNALS?

ABSTRACT. This paper examines new geomorphological, chronological and modelling data on glacier fluctuations in southernmost South America in latitudes 46–55°S during the last glacial–interglacial transition. Establishing leads and lags between the northern and southern hemispheres and between southern mid‐latitudes and Antarctica is key to an appreciation of the mechanisms and resilience of global climate. This is particularly important in the southern hemisphere where there is a paucity of empirical data. The overall structure of the last glacial cycle in Patagonia has a northern hemisphere signal. Glaciers reached or approached their Last Glacial Maxima on two or more occasions at 25–23 ka (calendar) and there was a third less extensive advance at 17.5 ka. Deglaciation occurred in two steps at 17.5 ka and at 11.4 ka. This structure is the same as that recognized in the northern hemisphere and taking place in spite of glacier advances occurring at a time of high southern hemisphere summer insolation and deglaciation at a time of decreasing summer insolation. The implication is that at orbital time scales the‘northern’ signal dominates any southern hemisphere signal. During deglaciation, at a millennial scale, the glacier fluctuations mirror an antiphase 'southern’ climatic signal as revealed in Antarctic ice cores. There is a glacier advance coincident with the Antarctic Cold Reversal at 15.3–12.2 ka. Furthermore, deglaciation begins in the middle of the Younger Dryas. The implication is that, during the last glacial–interglacial transition, southernmost South America was under the influence of sea surface temperatures, sea ice and southern westerlies responding to conditions in the 'southern’ Antarctic domain. Such asynchrony may reflect a situation whereby, during deglaciation, the world is more sensitized to fluctuations in the oceanic thermohaline circulation, perhaps related to the bipolar seesaw, than at orbital timescales.