Gold mineralization in the Mazowe area, Harare-Bindura-Shamva greenstone belt, Zimbabwe: II. Genetic relationships deduced from mineralogical, fluid inclusion and stable isotope studies, and the Sm-Nd isotopic composition of scheelites

In the Mazowe area some 40 km NW of Harare in Zimbabwe, gold mineralization is hosted in a variety of lithologies of the Archean Harare-Bindura-Shamva greenstone belt, in structures related to the late Archean regional D2/3 event. Conspicuous mineralzogical differences exist between the mines; the mainly granodiorite-hosted workings at Mazowe mine are on pyrite-rich reefs, mines of the Bernheim group have metabasalt host rocks and are characterized by arsenopyrite-rich ores, and Stori's Golden Shaft and Alice mine, both in metabasalts, work sulfide-poor quartz veins. In contrast to the mineralogical diversity, near-identical fluid inventories were found at the different mines. Both H₂O-CO₂-CH₄ fluids of low salinity, and highly saline fluids are present and are regarded to indicate fluid mixing during the formation of the deposits. Notably, these fluid compositions in the Mazowe gold field markedly contrast to ore fluids “typical” of Archean mesothermal gold deposits on other cratons. Stable isotope compositions of quartz from the various deposits (δ¹⁸O=10.8 to 13.2‰ SMOW), calcite (δ¹⁸O=9.5 to 11.9‰ SMOW and δ¹³C=−3.2 to −8.0‰ PDB), inclusion water (δD=−28 to −40‰ SMOW) and sulfides (δ³⁴S=1.3 to 3.2‰ CDT) are uniform within the range typical for Archean lode gold deposits worldwide. The fluid and stable isotope compositions support the statement that the mineralization in the Mazowe gold field formed from relatively reduced fluids with a “metamorphic” signature during a single event of gold mineralization. Microthermometric data further indicate that the deposits formed in the PT range of 1.65–2.3 kbar and 250–380 °C. Ages obtained by using the Sm/Nd and Rb/Sr isotope systems on scheelites are 2604 ± 84 Ma for the mineralization at Stori's Golden Shaft mine, and 2.40 ± 0.20 Ga for Mazowe mine. The Archean age at Stori's is regarded as close to the true age of gold mineralization in the area, whereas the Proterozoic age at Mazowe mine probably reflects later resetting. Received: 30 September 1998 / Accepted: 17 August 1999     

Archaean gold mineralisation in a normal-motion shear zone at Harbour Lights,Leonora, Western Australia

Although many Archaean greenstone-hosted mesothermal gold deposits are in steep, reverse-motion fault zones, other fault geometries are prospective for mineralization. Harbour Lights is one of a number of deposits at Leonora hosted in a normal-motion shear zone, probably related to movement off the adjacent domal granitoid. The deposit is also atypical in that mineralization predates the last deformation to affect the mine sequence, but formed by similar processes to other mesothermal deposits in all respects other than the detail of shear zone geometry, kinematics and timing. Gold mineralization at Harbour Lights is related to D1 quartz veins parallel to a well-developed gently NE- to E-dipping D1 cleavage, both of which are deformed in steeply dipping and later extensional shear bands (D2). Gently dipping quartz veins, as at Harbour Lights, must have formed at extremely high fluid pressures, capable of holding the weight of the overlying crust. In the gently dipping normal-motion shear zone continued reactivation and veining was possible only with extremely high fluid pressures, and steeply dipping structures, such as the D2 extensional shear bands, were initiated as the fluid pressure dropped after the mineralizing event. The rarity of gold mineralization hosted in normal-motion shear zones is due to their being linked to steep structures which pump fluid upwards and prevents the build-up of extremely high fluid pressures. At Harbour Lights it appears that these links were (atypically) absent, probably because deformation was a result of granitoid doming, and was subparallel to strata.     

Structural effects on the Proterozoic Ullensvang Group (West Norway) relatable to forceful emplacement of expanding plutons

An isolated synclinorium, comprising the up to 5 km thick Ullensvang Group of metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks, is surrounded by granitoid plutons and has no recognizable older basement. From an earlier interpretation based on regional data this area is inferred to be part of a Proterozoic, cordilleran-type volcanic-plutonic belt. Major structures in the synclinorium are interpreted to have evolved as follows: 1) Early folds were produced by regional compression; 2) within a part of the synclinorium, such folds were tightened and reoriented during a subsequent deformation phase caused by forceful emplacement of the Kvinnherad batholith, flanking the synclinorium to the southwest; 3) this deformation was accompanied by thrust faulting towards the northeast, away from the batholith; 4) forceful emplacement of plutons belonging to the Eidfjord-Kinsarvik batholith, on the northeastern flank of the synclinorium, produced southwest-vergent overfolding of the earlier structures in the synclinorium. In addition, local deformation around a pluton intruding the northern part of the synclinorium near Utne produced areally restricted deformation structures, approximately corresponding in time with the second deformation event (2) above. Structures in plutonics rocks of the batholiths are interpreted in terms of an emplacement model involving distension diapirism. The deformation zones associated with diapiric plutons in this area appear to be more similar to some of those reported from Archaean greenstone belts than to those found in volcanic-plutonic belts of younger cordilleran-type orogens.     

Archaean tectonics in the Agnew supracrustal belt,Western Australia

The Agnew supracrustal belt consists of a greenstone sequence (interlayered metabasalt, differentiated gabbroic sills, ultramafic bodies, and black volcanogenic sediment) unconformably overlain by granitoid-clast conglomerate and meta-arkose. The base of the preserved sequence is intruded by grey tonalite with a crudely concordant upper contact, and by small discordant bodies of leucogranite.An early deformation (D1) produced isoclinal folds and a regional penetrative foliation. These structures were probably gently dipping when formed. D2 produced large-scale NNW-trending upright folds, a regional foliation, and a vertical N-trending ductile fault on the west side of the belt. D2 structures indicate a combination of ENE-WSW shortening, and right-lateral shear along the ductile fault. Both D1 and D2 were accompanied by metamorphism under upper greenschist to lower amphibolite facies conditions.The interpreted sequence of tectonic events is (1) deposition of the greenstone sequence on an unknown basement; (2) intrusion of large volumes of tonalite, separating the supracrustal rocks from their basement; (3) erosion of mafic rocks and tonalite to produce the clastic sedimentary sequence; (4) the first deformation; (5) intrusion of small volumes of leucogranite; (6) the second deformation.The bulk of the granitoid rocks were emplaced before the first recognisable deformation. Thus the granitoid magma cannot have been produced by partial melting of previously downbuckled ‘greenstone belt’ rocks, nor can the large-scale upright folds (D2) be a result of forceful emplacement of the magma — two common postulates for Archaean terrains. The D2 folds are closely related to the ductile fault bounding the zone: these structures, which give the present N-trending tectonic belt its form, are the youngest features in the terrain.     

An indirect lead isotope age determination of gold mineralization at the Corinthia mine,Yilgarn Block,Western Australia

The Corinthia lode‐gold deposit in amphibolite‐facies greenstone belt rocks in the Southern Cross Province of the Archaean Yilgarn Block contains a largely undeformed pegmatite dyke emplaced during the last phases of movement along the Fraser's‐Corinthia shear zone. Gold mineralization and shear zone development were synchronous, and a Pb‐Pb isochron age of 2620 ±6 Ma for pegmatite emplacement either indirectly dates mineralization, or places a minimum age constraint on the timing of mineralization. This age is in accord with a broadly synchronous dominant episode of Archaean lode‐gold mineralization throughout the Yilgarn Block.     

Vein and stratabound gold deposits of northern Zaire

Seventy years of gold mining in the North Zaire region resulted in a total output of ca. 350 t of metal, half of this amount coming from recent placer deposits. All deposits are linked to volcano-sedimentary series and associated granitoid bodies constituting the granite-green-stone terrane of northern Zaire. The actual metallotects are tectonic shear structures cutting across various rock types and giving rise either to quartz veins or to quartz-free tabular deposits, thereby obscuring the original stratabound (or rock-type bound) character of the subeconomic mineralization. Both the Archaean magmatic activity and the late Precambrian tectonics have played a role in gold concentration.     

The vorticity axis flip and its control on mineralization

This paper discusses the possible role of vorticity axis flip in controlling fluid flow and consequent development of hydrothermal deposits. Structural, kinematic and vorticity data from the vicinity of the Singhbhum Shear Zone (SSZ) are used to propose a two stage model to explain hydrothermal mineralization. It is suggested that in the initial stage, fractures, weak planes, foliations and/or shear zones develop. Fracture permeability is weak at this stage, as a consequence of which fluid pressure builds up. Variation in stress orientation during a later stage of deformation results in enhancement of fracture network, fracture permeability and its anisotropy. If a significant vorticity axis flip accompanies this variation in stress orientation, then it pumps the fluids into the fracture network, thus yielding hydrothermal mineral deposits. In the case of SSZ, the vorticity axis flip is envisaged to have taken place from steeply plunging (anticlockwise) during the early stage, to sub-horizontal during the late stage. The SSZ became a northerly dipping thrust at this late stage and the rotation around the sub-horizontal vorticity axis was such that the rocks comprising the northern block were thrust over southern block (Singhbhum granitoid). According to the author, this vorticity axis flip must have been critical in pumping up the fluids along the SSZ to form quartz veins that host mineral deposits.     

The Las Chacras-Potrerillos batholith (Pampean Ranges,Argentina): structural evidences,emplacement and timing of the intrusion

Within the southern part of the Sierra Pampeanas (the Sierra de San Luis, Argentina), a series of extensive intrusive bodies are regarded to post-date the Famatinian cycle but were emplaced during the Achalian, a period of heterogeneous deformation along crustal scale fault zones. The largest of those is the Las Chacras-Potrerillos batholith that is situated at the northern end of the transpressive, sinistral Guzmán shear zone. This composite pluton exhibits three sub-domains that comprise two granitoid sub-units each: The southern Potrerillos stock (muscovite-bearing red granite and biotite-bearing red granite) and the central (biotite porphyritic granite and giant porphyritic granite) and northern domain (equigranular granite and porphyritic granite) of the Las Chacras stock. The crystallisation ages of the biotite porphyritic granite is around 381 Ma (U/Pb on zircons and Pb/Pb on sphene), while the host rock was already cooled below 350 °C at 420 Ma. Thermal modelling approaches favour a pulsed intrusion with a duration of 1.5 Ma. The emplacement was followed by rapid cooling below the muscovite cooling temperature. Biotite cooling ages in different sub-units reflect either a long-lasting cooling history of approximately 30 Ma (which is supported by the modelling) or a reheating effect at around 350 Ma. Devonian-age determinations on the fault rocks and granitoids point to a syn-tectonic emplacement of the batholith. The pluton is interpreted to be positioned at the crossover of sinistral shear zones. The origin of this NNE directed extensional setting in a transpressive regime seems to be related to the transfer of displacement along a secondary set of NNW-trending sinistral faults. The final emplacement is due to a subsequent ballooning of the batholith following the direction of space creation. This model is based on the relative timing of the emplacement sequence and macroscopically visible planar fabrics in the field as well as magnetic fabric data. Our results indicate that the emplacement is syn-kinematic with respect to the Achalian deformation event.     

Petrology and deformation of metamorphosed volcanic-exhalative sediments in the Gairloch Schist Belt,N.W. Scotland

The Gairloch Schist Belt in the Archaean to Early Proterozoic Lewisian Complex of north-west Scotland is largely composed of amphibolite facies metabasites and metagreywackes. These are associated with a distinctive suite of metamorphosed volcanic-exhalative sediments including quartz-magnetite rocks, garnet-grunerite rocks and compositionally variable, siliceous calcite- and dolomite-bearing lithologies. The carbonate horizons are locally rich in sulphide and carry Cu-Zn-Au mineralization. Meta-exhalites occur within parts of metavolcanic units characterized by metamorphosed tuffs and tuffs mixed with exhalative material. Quartz-magnetite and carbonate horizons were dismembered and underwent mylonitic recrystallization during regional compression. The associated metabasic rocks in the shear zones have suffered extensive phyllonitization. This style and degree of deformation are not developed elsewhere in the immediate area which suggests that ductile shear zones in the Gairloch Schist Belt were preferentially initiated near and localized around the meta-exhalative horizons.     

江南造山带西南段摩天岭穹隆脆韧性剪切与铀成矿作用

在造山带构造体制转换环境下,铀元素的活化、迁移和沉淀富集过程多与脆韧性剪切带的递进发育过程紧密相关。鉴于此,详细的区域和矿田构造解析是正确理解铀矿床成因的关键。华南江南造山带及其周缘分布着大面积低温铀矿床,既有晚古生代铀矿床,又有后期叠加的新生代铀矿床,均受脆韧性剪切转换带控制。华南铀矿床成矿作用具有多期叠加成矿特点,以往对单个铀矿床成矿地质和赋矿特征的研究较多,但对铀成矿作用与区域地质、构造体制及其剪切转化关系的系统研究则较为薄弱,造成对矿床成因认识很不统一,制约了对这一区铀成矿作用的深入理解。为深入了解这类铀矿床的形成机制,本文选取了摩天岭穹隆376矿床和374矿床两种不同地质特征的代表性铀矿床开展研究。通过详细地构造解析,我们认为摩天岭穹隆至少发育了五期构造变形,分别为新元古代(～820Ma)(D1期)近东西向褶皱与同构造岩浆侵位、加里东期顶部向NW的逆冲(453～426Ma)(D2期)、后加里东期NE走向的正向韧性剪切(426～295Ma)(D3期)、燕山晚期-喜马拉雅期的脆-韧性伸展(87～47Ma)(D4期)及喜马拉雅期以来的构造隆升与剥蚀(47Ma～至今)(D5期);结合显微构造与电子探针分析,认为D3期和D4期为关键铀成矿期。通过系统野外调查,以构造地质解析为主线,对新元古代三防花岗岩体及其周缘主要含矿构造与典型铀矿床的关系进行了详细解析,提出了摩天岭两种类型铀矿床由脆韧性递进变形控制的统一铀成矿模式,以期对华南铀矿勘查工作提供借鉴。     

海南抱伦矿区构造变形、成矿时代与金矿化关系研究

抱伦金矿床位于海南岛西南部乐东县境内,是一个以石英脉型为主的大型金矿床。野外地质调查表明,矿区大致经历了三期构造变形:早期(D1)NE向褶皱,中期(D2)NNW向褶皱和剪切变形,晚期(D3)脆性断层和节理。其中,中期的NNW向右行剪切变形为金矿体的赋存提供了主要空间,金矿化主要发生于三个不同的阶段,以第一阶段(自然金-Q2石英阶段)最为重要,形成了大量自然金,为主要矿化阶段。对切割矿体的细晶岩脉中锆石的定年研究表明,抱伦金矿化主要与印支期尖峰岭花岗岩浆活动有关,而与燕山晚期岩浆活动关系不大。     

Fault/fracture density and mineralization: a contouring method for targeting in gold exploration

A widely observed correlation between high fracture density and mineralization throughout terranes and geological time indicates a fundamental underlying ore-forming process. In Archaean greenstone-hosted deposits, high-density fracturing was accompanied by enhanced fluid flow during fault/fracture network development, producing regional-scale fluid pressure gradients that focussed hydrothermal fluids into preferentially fractured areas. Fracture density is both increased and decreased during faulting and fault healing, and fracture density accumulates over time, in zones of high palaeo-fluid flow. Localised zones where the density of fracturing is increased by deformation, become permeability nodes for migrating hydrothermal fluids leading to large zones of alteration and gold precipitation. The Ora Banda mining centre in Western Australia contains significant gold deposits that appear to demonstrate a close association between high-density fracturing and gold precipitation. Fracture density in the Ora Banda mines was enhanced by fault–fault intersections, fault–contact intersections and changes in fault geometry. The mine-scale relationships between fracture density and gold mineralization are repeated at smaller and larger scales, hence these relationships may be used in targeting for gold exploration. Contouring the density of fracturing in a region provides a semi-quantitative way to rank areas for exploration and uses data from mapping, drilling and high-quality geophysical data as a basis for analyses. Fracture density contouring is complementary to other prospectivity-analysis methods.     

云蒙山变质核杂岩抬升过程中伸展拆离和岩浆底辟联合作用的证据

北京地区云蒙山变质核杂岩在白垩纪阶段抬升的早期,伴随着沿四合堂剪切带由北向南的拆离滑脱和大型花岗闪长岩的垂向侵位,晚期变形发生在花岗闪长岩岩基周边及其邻近围岩中,形成云蒙山剪切带,并伴随大量同构造的花岗岩和伟晶岩岩脉灌入。剪切带中所有的岩脉都随时间发生了不同程度的变形,较老的岩脉形成紧闭的圆柱状褶皱,枢纽与剪切带的线理和面理接近平行。岩脉与剪切带中L-S组构的平行化作用主要是由于这种转动的结果。岩脉的成分和长英指数随它们的变形程度发生变化,说明持续的岩浆分异作用与韧性剪切变形是同时发生的。云蒙山剪切带由岩浆底辟引起的上盘岩石重力所驱动,并不断得到同构造侵位岩脉的补充,起到存储和不断改造侵位岩脉的作用。早期伸展体制下形成的四合堂剪切带局部遭受云蒙山剪切带的改造或复合。该地区的岩石、构造和同构造岩脉的变形几何学和运动学证据表明,太古宙结晶基底的抬升是下部岩浆底辟与上部地壳伸展拆离共同作用的结果。     

东天山中段晚古生代面状剪切带形成机制与金成矿关系研究

东天山晚古生代康古尔塔格构造—金矿带的中段南带开展构造控矿研究,为区域金矿定位预测与勘探提供依据。采用区域构造分析和构造解析方法,在雅满苏北部厘定出一类已发生变形改造的大型面状脆韧性—韧性剪切带,构造恢复表明,其形成于晚古生代造山早期向北的分层剪切或低角度逆冲剪切（S1//S0）作用,并作为区域金矿的一级控矿构造而成为俯冲带深源成矿流体向上运移成矿的主通道。在造山过程中递进变形的分层剪切或低角度逆冲剪切晚期、向南北向横向缩短转换阶段,伴随区域抬升和断褶作用,拆离剪切带分支断裂开始成生并向上突破,导致封闭在拆离带内运移的深源含矿流体以断层阀方式分流排泄,成矿流体沿分支断裂向上运移,在断裂上盘或上盘背斜枢纽处的低序次的断裂、破裂中聚集卸载,形成充填石英脉和交代蚀变岩型（造山型）金矿,并有时限为276. 5±2. 9Ma的石英闪长斑岩侵入产出;晚期褶皱、断裂等叠加构造则对矿床（体）破坏、改造及保存起了重要作用。     

The Blue Tier Batholith,Northeastern Tasmania

The Blue Tier Batholith is one of a number of high-level, essentially postkinematic, composite granitoid bodies occurring at the southern end of the Tasman orogenic belt of Eastern Australia.An integrated study of the structure, texture, and geochemistry of the batholith suggests that it has a cumulate-like character. In particular, the trace element (Ba, Rb, Sr) data, when constrained by textural features of the granitiods, indicate that the batholith formed by fractional crystallization of a single magma which underwent crystallization in situ by progressive nucleation and solidification from the roof, walls, and floor inwards. Progressive changes in liquids (cumulate) mineralogy during crystallization led to the observed sequence of early biotite and/or hornblende granodiorites followed by biotite adamellites and late muscovite biotite granites. Progressive in situ crystallization led in some instances to gradational boundaries between granitoid types whereas periodic tectonic distrubances caused the rest magma to reintrude earlier crystallizates in places: thus emplacement and crystallization sequences are parallel. The ultimate product of fractional crystallization was a water-saturated melt, enriched in incompatible elements, whose crystallization resulted in significant tin mineralization.The chemistry of the rocks comprising the batholith is in many respects analogous to that of basic cumulate rocks, although an origin by outward growth of crystals and expulsion of interstitial melt, coupled with convective mixing, rather than by crystal settling, is favoured for the granitoid suite. It is suggested that the Blue Tier Batholith is not an isolated example of a granitoid body with cumulate-like character, but that such bodies may be more common than is recognized.     

东天山中段晚古生代面状剪切带形成机制与金成矿关系研究

东天山晚古生代康古尔塔格构造—金矿带的中段南带开展构造控矿研究,为区域金矿定位预测与勘探提供依据。采用区域构造分析和构造解析方法,在雅满苏北部厘定出一类已发生变形改造的大型面状脆韧性—韧性剪切带,构造恢复表明,其形成于晚古生代造山早期向北的分层剪切或低角度逆冲剪切(S₁//S₀)作用,并作为区域金矿的一级控矿构造而成为俯冲带深源成矿流体向上运移成矿的主通道。在造山过程中递进变形的分层剪切或低角度逆冲剪切晚期、向南北向横向缩短转换阶段,伴随区域抬升和断褶作用,拆离剪切带分支断裂开始成生并向上突破,导致封闭在拆离带内运移的深源含矿流体以断层阀方式分流排泄,成矿流体沿分支断裂向上运移,在断裂上盘或上盘背斜枢纽处的低序次的断裂、破裂中聚集卸载,形成充填石英脉和交代蚀变岩型(造山型)金矿,并有时限为276.5±2.9Ma的石英闪长斑岩侵入产出;晚期褶皱、断裂等叠加构造则对矿床(体)破坏、改造及保存起了重要作用。     

坦桑尼亚马拉-穆索马绿岩带金矿地质特征及成矿规律浅析

坦桑尼亚太古代马拉-穆索马绿岩带位于坦桑尼亚西北部、维多利亚湖东部地区,是坦桑尼亚重要的金矿聚集区。该地区主要金矿床类型为受陡倾或缓倾剪切构造带控制的构造蚀变岩型和石英脉型金矿床。本文通过对亚斯罗利、瑞万科玛和尼亚布隆渡等3个典型金矿床进行对比研究,系统分析了金矿床的成矿地质条件、矿化蚀变特征及矿石结构构造特征,总结了马拉-穆索马绿岩带金成矿规律,认为金矿床的形成与镁铁质火山-沉积岩、韧-脆性剪切构造带及岩浆活动有密切关系,近东西向韧-脆性剪切带是区内最主要的控矿构造,控制着主要工业矿体的分布。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987113001345

Many elongated, lenticular plutons of porphyritic granitoids are distributed mainly near the southern and northern margin of the Chhotanagpur Gneissic Complex （CGC） which belongs to the EW to ENE-WSW tending 1500 km long Proterozoic orogenic belt amalgamat ng the North and South Indian cratonic blocks. The late Grenvillian （1071 ±64 Ma） Raghunathpur porphyritic granitoid gneiss （PGG） batholith comprising alkali feldspar granite, granite, granodiorite, tonalite, quartz syenite and quartz monzonite intruded into the granitoid gneisses of southeastern part of CGC in the Purulia district, West Bengal and is aligned with ENE-WSW trending North Purulia sr~ear zone, Mineral chemistry, geochemistry, physical condition of crystallization and petrogenetic model of Raghunathpur PGG have been discussed for the first time. The petrographic and geochemical features （including major and trace- elements, mineral chemistry and S7Sr/S6Sr ratio） suggest these granitoids to be classified as the shosh- onitic type. Raghunathpur batholith was emplaced at around 800 ~C and at 6 kbar pressure tectonic discrimination diagrams reveal a post-collision tectonic setting while structural studies reveal its emplacement in the extensional fissure of North Purulia shear zone. l＇he Raghunathpur granitoid is compared with some similar granitoids of Europe and China to draw its petrogenetic model. Hybridi- zation of mantle-generated enriched mafic magma and crustal magma at lower crust and later fractional crystallization is proposed for the petrogenesis of this PGG. Mafic magma generated in a post-collisional extension possibly because of delamination of subducting slab. Raghunathpur batholith had emplaced in the CGC during the final amalgamation （~ 1.0 Ga） of the North and South Indian cratonic blocks. Granitoid magma, after its generation at depth, was transported to its present level along megadyke channel, ways within shear zones.     

江南古陆北缘青阳钨钼矿集区成岩成矿作用研究

青阳钨钼矿集区处于江南古陆北缘钨-多金属成矿带的北部,区内钨钼矿床均分布于青阳-九华山复式岩体周边、以钨钼矿化为主。本文在综合分析青阳钨钼矿集区内钨钼-多金属矿床的地质特征、成岩成矿年代、岩石地球化学特征得到如下认识:1)青阳钨钼矿集区成岩成矿年代可以分为早(146~135Ma)、晚(134~128Ma)两期,早期成矿作用较强烈,矿点广泛分布在青阳岩体周边;晚期成矿作用主要分布于九华山岩体边部及外围,呈北东东向展布。2)青阳钨钼矿集区成矿斑岩体主要为高钾钙碱性、准铝质-弱过铝质岩石,成矿斑岩体以壳源岩浆岩为主、从早到晚具有源区深度变浅的趋势,演化程度具有由花岗闪长(斑)岩(早期)→花岗(斑)岩(晚期)的增高、向富钼岩浆岩演化特点。3)青阳钨钼矿集区内钨钼矿床赋存在震旦系-奥陶系地层中,主要包括震旦系蓝田组、奥陶系仑山组及寒武纪碳酸盐地层,赋矿有利层位为成矿元素丰度值高、镁质含量较高的碳酸盐地层。青阳钨钼矿集区中成矿斑岩体与复式岩基的源区及演化过程均存在差异,他们可能是燕山期太平洋板块俯冲的同一时空背景下,不同源区组分发生部分熔融的岩浆经历不同演化过程的产物。     

Structure of the Nagavali Shear Zone,Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt,India: Correlation in the East Gondwana Reconstruction

Interpretation of satellite data in combination with regional field traverses, delineating the major structural features such as the Nagavali and Vamsadhara Shear Zones and associated fold patterns, provides a synoptic picture of the regional tectonic framework of the central part of the Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt. The complex geology of the study area can broadly be grouped into three distinct deformational events. D₁ fabrics represented by near flat-lying gneissic foliations, paralleling the lithological banding are best preserved in low strain domains and are related to Middle to late Archaean thrusting (3000-2600 Ma). The second deformational event D₂ is characterized by the development of shear zones and associated mylonitic fabrics and magmatism probably during 1450-850 Ma. The Pan-African thermal (500-550 Ma) overprint is restricted to shear zones in the form of reworking. Regionally, the central part of the Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt can be divided into five distinct structural domains based on structural geometry of folds, foliations and lineations. A three-dimensional block diagram of the Nagavali and Vamsadhara Shear Zones involving fold-thrust tectonics associated with westward thrusting is presented here. A correlation of Pan-African Shear Zones in adjacent continents wrapping around the Archaean Dharwar Craton in the reconstruction of Rodinia and East Gondwana supercontinent suggests an east-west convergence.