雷州半岛红树林海区的渔具渔法

2002年7—8月，对雷州半岛的高桥、特呈岛、北潭、太平、附城、海角和和安7个红树林集中海区作业的渔具渔法进行调查，发现在红树林海区作业的渔具有六大类：陷阱类、刺网类、敷网类、笼壶类、掩罩类和拖网类。其中陷阱类的插笼网和笼壶类的虾笼是主要的作业渔具。鱼笼、蟹笼和百袋网是红树林区作业的特色渔。     

拖网作业对渔船性能的影响

通过分析拖网渔船在作业时所受的阻力 ,探讨渔具阻力对拖网渔船的稳性、横倾角和吃水的影响。结果表明 ,拖网渔具阻力的作用使渔船的初稳性高度降低 ,产生可达 4°的横倾角和 0 .7m尾倾。并据此对拖网渔船的安全作业进行了分析     

从防波效益分析湛江沿海红树林营造宽度

根据湛江沿海波浪分布情况 ,运用章家昌提出的防波林消波系数公式 ,以防波效益 80 %为目标 ,通过计算和综合分析得 :湛江沿岸营造红树林时 ,在潮差小 (约 2 m左右 )海区 ,营造宽度应在 80～1 2 0 m左右 ;在潮差大 (约 4 m左右 )海区 ,营造宽度应在 2 0 0～ 3 0 0 m左右。     

底曳网、中层拖网和围网渔业自动化的研究

近年来渔业劳动力的缺少和渔民平均年令增加的情况有所发展。由于沿岸地区的工业化这种必然趋向,结果,促进了各种渔法、渔船的机械化和合理化的研究。这些年来,探鱼仪的性能已有很大的改进。一些拖网渔船现在装置有可提供不同类型的数据的遥测仪器。现代的拖网渔船上已实现了可变螺距推进器,主机和电动或液压拖网绞车的遥控,但是作业工具与渔具仍需由熟练渔工来操纵。各种自动控制的渔法尝试将测量仪器(即探鱼仪、声纳、雷达、电罗经、网高仪、测探仪、张力计、计程仪等等)及可变螺距推     

珠母贝人工苗养殖研究

在不同海区、不同水层养殖珠母贝人工苗，及用不同方法进行养殖小贝。结果表明：在开放性、半开放性、内湾性海区养殖11个月后．珠母贝壳高分别为64．5、51．4、69．8mrn．成活率分别为6．4％、0．8％、0．5％，其生长和成活率具有显著差异（P〈0．05）；同海区中3m、6m、9m、12m、15m水层养殖11个月后．珠母贝壳高分别为64．5、67．4、62．8、56．9、51．9mm．成活率分别为6．4％、6．8％、8．1％、11．7％、13．9％．随着水层的加深．珠母贝的生长变慢．成活率提高且差异显著（P〈0．05）；6个月龄小贝用穿耳法、片笼法、锥型笼法养殖5个月后．壳高分别长成56．1、55．7、51．7mm．成活率分别为72．6％、59．9％、51．7％，其生长和成活率具有显著差异（P〈0．05）。     

南海区捕捞渔业副渔获及其利用

南海位于４°Ｎ～２３°３５′Ｎ,１０５°４０′Ｅ～１１７°３０′Ｅ之间,是中国四大海区中最大的海区,面积为３．５×１０６ｋｍ２,其中大陆架面积约占总面积的一半以上,仅南海北部大陆架（２００ｍ等深线以内）海域面积约３．７４×１０５ｋｍ［１］。南海北部地理自然环境优越,渔业资源丰富,渔场广阔。南海渔民在长期的生产实践中,根据资源和渔场的实际情况开发了具有南海特色的各种适应性渔具渔法,大大地推动了南海渔业的发展。１　渔获概况　　南海区（包括广东、广西和海南三省）海洋捕捞业渔获量８０％来自南海北部沿岸近…     

拖网渔具节能述评

70年代以来 ,石油价格的上涨强烈地冲击着全球各个行业。在海洋渔业中 ,以拖网 (尤其底拖网 )渔业所受影响最大 ,所以渔船节能问题引起了世界各渔业国家的特别关注。渔具节能是渔船综合节能的一个重要组成部分。对于拖网渔船来说 ,能源主要消耗于拖网系统 ,因为拖网的网衣、网板、纲索、浮子、沉纲装置等在快速拖曳时产生很大阻力 ,需要消耗渔船的燃油也相当多。不论是国内还是国外 ,拖网渔法消耗燃油均为各类渔具之冠 (表 1 )。可见 ,在拖网渔船综合节能研究中 ,致力研制节能型拖网渔具对提高拖网渔船的生产经济效益起着重大作用 ,对发展我…     

拖网曳纲形状与张力的计算机模拟

曳纲是拖网渔具的重要组成部分,了解曳纲在不同海况条件下作业时的形状和张力及其动态变化,对于拖网渔具的设计和生产实践具有重要意义.     

红树林遥感动态监测研究进展

红树林动态是地理学、生态学和湿地学等学科关注的热点之一。遥感技术具有宏观性、高效性和经济性等特点,在红树林动态监测中发挥日益重要的作用。本文通过关键词对Web of Science和中国知网2个数据库自2000年以来发表的文章进行梳理和归纳,从研究区域分布、文献数量、遥感监测数据源与方法、全球红树林动态以及全国红树林动态变化分析5个方面总结了近20年来国内外对于红树林遥感动态监测研究进展。研究结果表明,多传感器高时空分辨率数据将成为红树林遥感动态监测的重要数据源。将雷达数据和光学遥感数据进行融合,有助于进一步提升红树林卫星遥感监测能力。无人机平台搭载多种类型的传感器（如多光谱、高光谱或激光雷达传感器）,可以从不同方面获取红树林生态系统参数,结合遥感智能分析算法,有助于推动红树林遥感研究向纵深方向发展。红树林遥感动态监测相关研究表明,全球红树林总面积范围大致在1.1×10⁸ ~2.4×10⁸ hm²,总体仍呈减少趋势,而在区域上中国红树林面积则有所恢复。本文最后对红树林遥感动态监测的发展趋势进行了展望。     

雷州半岛红树林海区的软体动物

2 0 0 2年 7～ 9月 ,对雷州半岛主要红树林区的软体动物进行调查 ,计有 110种 ,隶属 3纲、6亚纲、12目、37科、75属 ,主要为亚热带海岸区系种类。其中全国沿海广泛分布的暖水种有 36种 ,占 32 .8% ;分布于东、南沿海的暖水种有 6 0种 ,占 5 4.3% ;分布于南海的暖水种有 13种 ,占 11 8% ;1种外来种 ,占 0 .9% ;具有较高经济和可以开发利用的贝类约占总数的 1/2。由于人为过度采捕和环境污染严重 ,部分软体动物资源已遭到破坏 ,因此 ,急需加强红树林区生态保护和环境污染整治。     

南海区域渔船活动时空特征分析

近年来海洋资源的不断开发利用,使得海洋空间规划变得尤为重要,其中以渔业资源占主要比重。为了对渔业资源监测与规划提供辅助决策信息,本文通过对南海及周边国家2018年船舶自动识别系统（AIS）数据进行预处理,采用数理统计和GIS空间分析方法,实现了南海区域渔船活动强度时空特征分析。结果显示： ① 2018年南海及周边国家渔船以区域性分布为主,集中在中国和越南沿海岸100 km以内区域,在秋季11月捕捞活动频繁,全年渔船平均活动强度白天大于夜晚,16:00 PM 时达到最大渔船活动强度; ② 中国在广东省、广西省和海南省各主要港口渔船活动强度呈现聚集性点状分布,渔船活动强度多大于100,部分港口附近海域呈条带状分布,西沙群岛相较南海其他群岛渔船活动强度较大,除越南外其他周边国家靠近南海附近海域部分海湾和港口有聚集式分布,渔船活动强度都小于2; ③ 越南渔船区域性分布明显,在胡志明港口呈现稳定的块状聚集性分布,且一年四季活动强度变化趋势不大,近岸渔船活动强度保持在50~100,越南渔船在中国南海禁渔线内靠近海南省西南部有两处活动较强的块状分布区域,2018年全年在此区域活动频率占采样天数的87.71%,且平均每小时有7~10艘渔船在该海域活动,休渔期内平均每小时渔船数量大于5,给中国南海海域渔业资源造成巨大威胁。本文通过AIS数据研究分析渔船活动可为海洋空间规划与政府相关部门提供数据支撑。     

影响鸢乌贼手钓上钩率的因子探讨

根据印度洋西北部鸢乌贼（Sym plectoteuthis oualaniensis）作业渔场的现场调查数据．分析了作业水深、作业时段、摄食等级和月相等因子对手钓上钩率的影响。统计表明．晚上、午夜和凌晨3个不同时段和不同作业水深对手钓上钩率均有显著性影响。3个时段中，其摄食等级呈先低后高再低的现象。午夜和凌展，上钩率的变化趋势与摄食等级的变化趋势呈显著的负相关。在月相的影响下．离朔日三四天之前，手钓产量呈上升趋势；离望日五六天之前。手钓产量呈明显的下降趋势。     

影响鸢乌贼手钓上钩率的因子探讨

根据印度洋西北部鸢乌贼(Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis)作业渔场的现场调查数据,分析了作业水深、作业时段、摄食等级和月相等因子对手钓上钩率的影响。统计表明,晚上、午夜和凌晨3个不同时段和不同作业水深对手钓上钩率均有显著性影响。3个时段中,其摄食等级呈先低后高再低的现象。午夜和凌晨,上钩率的变化趋势与摄食等级的变化趋势呈显著的负相关。在月相的影响下,离朔日三四天之前,手钓产量呈上升趋势;离望日五六天之前,手钓产量呈明显的下降趋势。     

A qualitative appraisal of China’s efforts in fishing capacity management

This paper provides a critical review of some major efforts made by China to manage the fishing capacity of its marine capture fisheries. It begins by reviewing the key concepts and issues closely related to fishing capacity management. Following on this, a brief introduction to China’s marine capture fisheries is offered, especially the trends of its marine landings and marine fishing fleets and the status of fish stocks in waters under its jurisdiction. Next comes the main concern of the paper, i.e., some major actions recently initiated by China to deal with the overcapacity problem confronting it. The paper ends with conclusions and suggestions.     

Significant effects of fishing gear selectivity on fish life history

Over the past few decades, extreme changes have occurred in the characters of exploited fish populations. The majority of these changes have affected the growth traits of fish life history, which include a smaller size-at-age, an earlier age-at-maturation and among others. Currently, the causes of these life history traits changes still require systematic analyses and empirical studies. The explanations that have been cited are merely expressed in terms of fish phenotypic adaptation. It has been claimed that the original traits of fish can be recovered once the intensity of exploitation of the fish is controlled. Sustained environmental and fishing pressure will change the life history traits of most fish species, so the fish individual’s traits are still in small size-at-age and at earlier age-at-maturation in exploited fish populations. In this paper, we expressed our view of points that fishing gear has imposed selectiv-ity on fish populations and individuals as various other environmental factors have done and such changes are unrecoverable. Ac-cording to the existing tend of exploited fish individual’s life history traits, we suggested further researches in this field and provided better methods of fishery management and thereby fishery resources protection than those available early.     

FVID: Fishing Vessel Type Identification Based on VMS Trajectories

Vessel Monitoring System(VMS) provides a new opportunity for quantified fishing research. Many approaches have been proposed to recognize fishing activities with VMS trajectories based on the types of fishing vessels. However, one research problem is still calling for solutions, how to identify the fishing vessel type based on only VMS trajectories. This problem is important because it requires the fishing vessel type as a preliminary to recognize fishing activities from VMS trajectories. This paper proposes fishing vessel type identification scheme(FVID) based only on VMS trajectories. FVID exploits feature engineering and machine learning schemes of XGBoost as its two key blocks and classifies fishing vessels into nine types. The dataset contains all the fishing vessel trajectories in the East China Sea in March 2017, including 10031 pre-registered fishing vessels and 1350 unregistered vessels of unknown types. In order to verify type identification accuracy, we first conduct a 4-fold cross-validation on the trajectories of registered fishing vessels. The classification accuracy is 95.42%. We then apply FVID to the unregistered fishing vessels to identify their types. After classifying the unregistered fishing vessel types, their fishing activities are further recognized based upon their types. At last, we calculate and compare the fishing density distribution in the East China Sea before and after applying the unregistered fishing vessels, confirming the importance of type identification of unregistered fishing vessels.     

汕尾明代“捷胜所城”初探

捷胜是粤东一座历史文化名城,也是汕尾市的新渔港；明初它就作为军事要塞纳入了国家海防体系。捷胜等卫所城的设立,对促进地方海洋文化的发展尤其是“卫城文化”的形成具有重要作用。在对地方史料仔细分析基础上,探讨了汕尾明代“捷胜所城”的尺寸、设立的时间、历史背景及作用,查明了明朝廷定名“捷胜”的时间：农历洪武二十八年(1395年)三月二十五日,指出“捷胜”一名寓有“捷报频传,保家卫国,抗‘倭’必胜”之义。     

Evaluation of FAD-associated purse seine fishery reduction strategies for bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Indian Ocean

In the Indian Ocean, bigeye tuna supports one of the most important fisheries in the world. This fishery mainly consists of two components: longline and purse seine fisheries. Evidence of overfishing and stock depletion of bigeye tuna calls for an evaluation of alternative management strategies. Using an age-structured operating model, parameterized with the results derived in a recent stock assessment, we evaluated the effectiveness of applying constant fishing mortality (CF) and quasi-constant fishing mortality (QCF) strategies to reduce fishing effort of purse seining with fish aggregating devices (FADs) at different rates. Three different levels of productivity accounted for the uncertainty in our understanding of stock productivity. The study shows that the results of CF and QCF are similar. Average SSB and catch during simulation years would be higher if fishing mortality of FAD-associated purse seining was reduced rapidly. The banning or rapid reduction of purse seining with FAD resulted in a mean catch, and catch in the last simulation year, higher than that of the base case in which no change was made to the purse seine fishery. This could be caused by growth overfishing by purse seine fisheries with FADs according to the per-recruit analysis. These differences would be more obvious when stock productivity was low. Transferring efforts of FAD-associated purse seining to longline fisheries is also not feasible. Our study suggests that changes are necessary to improve the performance of the current management strategy.     

基于渔船AIS数据的南海北部海洋渔业捕捞强度空间特征挖掘

高精度渔业捕捞强度数据是开展捕捞限额管理的前提与关键,也是海洋渔业资源可持续发展的重要保障.因此,本文以挖掘海洋渔业捕捞强度空间特征为出发点,选用2018年2、4、9和11月典型季节的中国籍6364艘渔船1.8亿条高时空粒度AIS数据.运用专家知识经验、空间统计及数据挖掘分析方法,以广西南岸北部湾渔场、广东沿岸和环海南...