Cultivated land resources and its development in the tropic and subtropic mountain areas of south china

Deqing County of Guangdong Province is located in the tropic and subtropic mountain areas of China. Its area of cultivated land from landuse survey is 40% larger than the statistical data. Of all cultivated land, owing to flood, waterlogging, drought and barren soil, the high yield land occupies only 30% and the mid-low yield land 70%, which is far more than the percent by statistics. Because the statistic area of cultivated land is less than the actual, the per unit area yield by statistics is higher than the actual. These situations generally exist in the tropic and subtropic mountain area of South China. So the measures to protect the high yield cultivated land strictly, to improve parts of the mid-low yield selectively, to adjust agricultural structure further, and to control soil erosion, are necessary to make best use of its advantages and bypass the disadvantages.     

CULTIVATED LAND RESOURCES AND ITS DEVELOPMENT IN THE TROPIC AND SUBTROPIC MOUNTAIN AREAS OF SOUTH CHINA——A Case Study in Deqing County

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Florogeography of mire plants in southern part of qinghai-xizang plateau and its adjacent areas

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Classification and Gradation of Cultivated Land Quality in Bishan County of Chongqing, China

The conflicts among food security, economic development and ecological protection are the “sticking point” of undeveloped southwestern mountainous areas of China. The objectives of this study are to identify appropriate inte- grated indicators influencing the classification and gradation of cultivated land quality in the southwestern mountainous area of China based on semi-structure interview, and to promote the monitoring of cultivated land quality in this region. Taking Bishan County of Chongqing as a study case, the integrated indicators involve the productivity, protection, ac- ceptability, and stability of cultivated land. The integrated indicators accord with the characteristics of land resources and human preference in southwestern mountainous area of China. In different agricultural zones, we emphasize different indicators, such as emphasizing productivity, stabilization and acceptability in low hilly and plain agricultural integrative zone (LHP-AIZ), protection, productivity and stability in low mountain and hill agro-forestry ecological zone (LMH-AEZ), and acceptability in plain outskirts integrative agricultural zone (PO-IAZ), respectively. The pronounced difference of classification and gradation of cultivated land, regardless of inter-region or intra-region, is observed, with the reducible rank from PO-IAZ, LHP-AIZ to LMH-AEZ. Research results accord with the characteristics of assets management and intensive utilization of cultivated land resources in the southwestern mountainous area of China. Semi-structure interview adequately presents the principal agent of farmers in agricultural land use and rural land market. This method is very effective and feasible to obtain data of the quality of cultivated land in the southwestern mountainous area of China.     

上海市城市空间扩展时空特征与预测分析

 本文以1990、1995、2000、2005年的上海市土地利用遥感监测数据为基本数据源,分析了1990-2005年上海市城市空间扩展 的时空特征。同时利用SLEUTH模型对城市空间扩展进行了模拟和精度验证,并对未来30年上海市城市空间扩展进行了预测。结果显示:1990-2005年,上海市城市空间扩展明显,城市面积净增加81 278hm²,净增长10.14%;在扩展的时间过程上呈现先减缓后加剧的趋势,2000-2005年城市用地扩展最为剧烈,城市面积净增加40 668hm²,净增长5.08%,填海造陆是该时期城市扩展的典型特征。SLEUTH模型可以较好地模拟预测上海市城市空间扩展的时空过程,不同时期模拟与遥感监测结果的Kappa系数最高达到了0.8476;未来30年,上海市城市用地将以年平均增长率1.63%的速度扩展,2040年城市用地面积将达到152 685hm²。城市扩展将占用耕地41 824hm²,年平均占用耕地1200hm²。城市扩展的方式主要是边缘增长,东部的浦东新区沿五洲大道向海方向、南部的徐汇区沿沪闵高架路向南,以及西部的嘉定区和青浦区沿京沪高速两侧向西的地区 均是未来城市扩展的主要方向。     

LAND RESTORATION IN CHINA

China has a land area of 9.6 million km2, 65% of the total land area of the world. Only 14.2% is cultivated at present, 0.5% is under fruit trees, 34.8% is in grazing. 17.2% is under forests, 2.6% is used for industry, communication and urban purposes, and 3.5% is covered by water. Of the remaining 27.2%, much is high and barren desert, or under permanent snowfields, or not yet used, or unable to be used with available technologies. Land resources have not been properly developed in some parts of China, owing to the pressure from population growth and other socioeconomic problems. For China as a whole, land restoration has made great progress. One solution is to increase the crop land area through reclamation.     

浙江省的新构造运动与农用地分布规律

从地貌和沉积物分析,浙江省新构造运动表现为西南强烈上升,往东北上渐减,至杭州湾两岸转为下沉,此外西北山区上升,海岸带下沉,一些构造盆地内相对下沉,这些情况与莫霍面等深线图的反映十分符合,说明新构造运动的动力来自地壳深层。不同新构造运动性质的区域内,农用地面积比率、农用地内的结构特征明显不同;各地耕地占总面积的百分比,在大河各河段、滨海各岸段、不同位置的海岛、不同盆地的所在区,均是有规律的变化,也都反映了新构造运动的作用。新构造运动还使地表水土流失与农业经济发展的地理分布很有规律。这些都说明作为地球内力重要部分的新构造运动,能强烈影响地表的生态环境。     

Human driving mechanism of regional land use change: A case study of Karst Mountain areas of southwestern China

1INTRODUCTIONAstheadvancingofthestudyonhumandimensionofglobalenvironmentalchange,thechangeoflanduseisbecomingoneoftheresearchfocuses(IGBP/HDP,1993;IGBP/HDP,1995).Landusechange,combiningwithlandcoverchange,reflectstheinterdependenceofhumanandnature.Whilethestudyonlanduse/coverchangetouchesuponalotofquestion,thedrivingforceanditsdrivingmechanismaretwoofthekeyissues(IGBP/HDP,1995).Inthemeantime,theyarethenecessarybasisofdiscussingandforecastingquantitativelylanduse/coverchangebym…     

高精度DEM数据支持下的田坎系数测算方法研究与典型应用

本文基于山东省基础测绘最新的高精度DEM、坡度图、第三次国土调查0.5m数字正射影像及第二次土地调查田坎系数测算资料,重新选取样方测算了山东省的田坎系数。结果表明：耕地田坎系数与耕地类型、地貌类型之间存在一定规律性,鲁东丘陵区和鲁中南山区同坡度级坡地田坎系数均高于梯田田坎系数,鲁东丘陵区梯田和坡地的田坎系数均高于鲁中南山区的田坎系数。较第二次土地调查田坎系数、第三次国土调查田坎系数总体呈下降的趋势。根据第三次国土调查数据统计,山东省田坎面积约占耕地总面积的3.5%,依然有较大的挖潜潜力。研究结果可为国土调查、耕地保护、粮食面积估算等工作提供重要参考。     

黄河三角洲新垦耕地年龄及其生产能力指数的遥感监测

黄河三角洲是我国重要的土地后备资源集中分布区,对黄河河口滩地的开垦成为了保持山东省乃至全国耕地动态平衡的关键。本文以东营市、垦利县、河口区和利津县作为研究区,利用6期(1984、1995、2000、2004、2008和2010年)TM影像,对黄河三角洲地区的耕地资源动态变化和耕地年龄进行了遥感监测和推定,并利用熵权法以植被指数(EVI和MSAVI)、植被覆盖度(Fv)和温度植被干燥指数(TVDI)为指标因子的耕地生产能力指数构建了评价模型。研究结果表明:在1984-2010年的26年时间里,研究区的耕地动态变化显著,新垦耕地面积达到77 362.33hm2,大部分来源于草地的开垦。其中,耕地年龄在8-12年期间的新垦耕地面积最多,占了新垦耕地面积的34.47%;研究区新垦耕地的生产能力指数呈现随着耕作时间的增加而增加的趋势,耕作时间在2-4年之内的新垦耕地平均生产能力指数,仅有传统耕地平均指数的67.66%;研究区传统耕地的生产能力指数大体上也在随着耕作时间的增加而提高,传统耕地在2010年的平均生产能力指数比1984年提高了76.51%。     

Establishment of rural housing land standard in China

On the basis of rural household survey in 12 provinces of China in 2005,this research built an econometrical model to find the area standard for rural housing land.This standard is expected to facilitate rural housing land administration,efficient and intensive housing land use and policy making.This research concludes:1) according to the household survey data,the average area for rural housing land in China is about 235.26 m 2,and the rural housing land mainly includes unused land(42.89%) and house construction land(37.76%) with the average floor-area ratio of 0.42;2) the indexes in the standard concern the factors such as location,landform,house form,household population and cultivated land area per farmer,which all have significant effects on rural housing land use;3) the reasonable area for rural housing land may be 150 m 2 in average before 2020,and the referential standards in different provinces are 120 m 2,130 m 2,140m 2,150 m 2,160 m 2,170 m 2,190 m 2,200 m 2,210 m 2,220 m 2,230 m 2 and 250 m 2 respectively;and 4) if there are less than two persons or more than five persons in a family,these standards need to be decreased or increased by 7%.When the cultivated land area per farmer is lower than the provincial average,the standards have to reduce by 3.5%.     

Change of Cultivated Land and Its Implications on Food Security in China

1 Introduction FAO defined food security not only in terms of access to and availability of food, but also in terms of resources distribution to produce food and the purchasing power on food where it is not produced (Shi et al., 1996; Ning, 2004). Obviously, to guarantee everyone adequate food is the primary aim and most important content of food security (Xie et al., 1999). Thus, to increase food supply is a precondition for food security by domestic food production and international food t…     

Changes in Land Use and Agricultural Production Structure Before and After the Implementation of Grain for Green Program in Western China–Taking Two Typical Counties as Examples

Soil erosion becomes a serious environmental problem in the world, especially in western China. An effective management practice called the Grain for Green Program （GGP）, which was launched in 1999, aims to reduce soil and water loss and alleviate the ecological environment problem in western China. Two typical counties in western China, the Zhongxian （in Chongqing Municipality） and Ansai （in Shaanxi Province） were chosen to evaluate the dynamic changes of land use and agricultural production structure before and after the implementation of the Program in this paper. The results showed that the cultivated land area was reduced by 7.08% from 1989 to 2003. The cultivated land per person was decreased by 8.42% during 1999-2003. Moreover, the stability index of the secondary sector of the economy was increased from 0.91 in the period 1990-1999 to 0.94 in the following ten years. In addition, the stability index of tertiary economic sector increased from 0.88 to 0.92 in Zhongxian county. Meanwhile, the cultivated land area was reduced by 15.48% from 1990 to 1999. The soil erosion modulus was decreased by 33.33% from 1999 to 2006. Also, the stability index of secondary and tertiary economic sectors was 0.86 in the period 1998-2002. However, it decreased by 77% during 2002 to 2007 in Ansai County. These results imply that the Grain for Green Program had different impact on the two regions. Several effective strategies of soil and water conservation have been carried out to ameliorate the sustainable development of ecological environment and economy in these two counties of western China.     

ANALYSIS AND MODELING ON CULTIVATED LAND CONVERSION —— Case Study of Hebei Province

1INTRODUCTION With the acceleration of the urbanization and industrial- ization of China, it is inevitable that cultivated land con- vertsto built-up land for industrial, commercial and resi- dential uses. During 1986- 2002 around 168.4×103ha cultivated land had converted to non-agriculture use an- nually (QU et al., 2005). Though the urbanization rate had increased from 17% in the late 1970s to 41% in 2004, China has a long way to go compared with the de- veloped countries whose urbani…     

水稻种植环境综合适宜性评价方法研究

开展特定区域水稻种植产业布局是科学制定区域农业种植产业规划的重要内容,而水稻种植适宜性评价是水稻种植产业布局的前提。本文以中国好粮油示范县——福建省浦城县为研究区,基于层次分析模型构建土壤条件、立地条件、灌排条件、气候条件和机械耕作条件5大类共21个指标的水稻种植适宜性评价体系,利用地学模型、回归模型和空间插值等方法计算、模拟评价指标空间分布数据,形成5 m×5 m分辨率的评价指标栅格数据集,基于经验指数法建立适宜度指数模型,开展精细尺度下的水稻种植环境综合适宜性评价。利用实测样点水稻产量与水稻种植环境综合适宜度指数进行分析,发现二者呈显著正相关,验证了本研究评价工作的正确性和可行性。最后利用K-means属性聚类法识别研究区水稻种植多维环境适宜性的空间模式。结果表明：① 研究区水稻种植高度适宜、较适宜、中度适宜耕地面积占全县耕地面积的84.4%,次适宜耕地仅占15.6%,耕地整体适宜性较高;② Ⅰ类集聚区水稻种植综合适宜性和各类指标适宜性均较高;Ⅱ类集聚区水稻种植综合适宜性较高,但灌排条件适宜性很低;Ⅲ类集聚区水稻种植综合适宜性较高,但立地、土壤条件适宜性较低;Ⅳ类集聚区水稻种植综合适宜性较低,灌排条件适宜性最低。本研究可为水稻种植适宜性评价提供方法借鉴,并为浦城县更合理科学地开展农业种植规划提供依据。     

Estimation of land production and its response to cultivated land conversion in North China Plain

Food safety and its related influencing factors in China are the hot research topics currently, and cultivated land conversion is one of the significant factors influencing food safety in China. Taking the North China Plain as the study area, this paper examines the changes of cultivated land area using satellite images, estimates land productivity from 1985 to 2005 using the model of Estimation System for Land Productivity (ESLP), and analyzes the impact of cultivated land conversion on the land production. Compared with the grain yield data from statistical yearbooks, the results indicate that ESLP model is an effective tool for estimating land productivity. Land productivity in the North China Plain showed a slight decreasing trend from 1985 to 2005, spatially, increased from the north to the south gradually, and the net changes varied in different areas. Cultivated land area recorded a marginal decrease of 8.0 × 10⁵ ha, mainly converted to other land uses. Cultivated land conversion had more significant negative impacts on land production than land productivity did. Land production decreased by about 6.48 × 10⁶ t caused by cultivated land conversion between 1985 and 2005, accounting for 91.9% of the total land production reduction. Although the land productivity increased in Anhui and Jiangsu provinces, it can not offset the overall adverse effects caused by cultivated land conversion. Therefore, there are significant meanings to control the cultivated land conversion and improve the land productivity for ensuring the land production in the North China Plain.     

2005-2008年中国耕地变化对区域生产潜力的影响

我国人多地少,粮食安全问题一直是国家关注的头等大事。而耕地资源与粮食生产能力是保障粮食安全的基础,因此,研究中国耕地变化对区域生产潜力产量的影响具有重大的现实意义,可以为国家相关决策提供科学依据。本研究基于2005-2008年最新的气象观测数据和卫星反演数据,并结合2005、2008年耕地数据及其变化数据,从耕地资源的数量变化与质量特征两方面,研究2005-2008年耕地变化对我国全境内光温生产潜力的影响。研究结果显示:在耕地的变化过程中,光温生产潜力增加区与减少区产量变化不对等:增加区增加785.14万t,减少区减少2543.61万t,净减少1758.47万t;增加区与减少区光温生产潜力单产不对等:增加区平均光温生产潜力单产为11.89t/hm²,减少区平均光温生产潜力单产为20.99t/hm²,后者约为前者的2倍;增加区与减少区空间分布不同:增加区主要分布在新疆、黑龙江、内蒙古、宁夏、青海等西北、东北地区,生态用地开垦是其增加的主要原因,占77.25%,减少区主要分布在江苏、安徽、山东、广东等黄淮海平原、长江三角洲、珠江三角洲地区,建设用地占用耕地是其减少的主要原因,占69.20%。     

Land-use change and socio-economic driving forces of rural settlement in China from 1996 to 2005

While urbanization has accelerated, the rural population in China has started decreasing in recent years. However, the expan- sion of rural settlement has not been sufficiently curbed. The questions of why this has happened and who has driven the land-use change （LUC） of rural settlement in China have aroused great interests among researchers. In this paper, it is suggested that population is not always a positive driving force for the LUC of rural settlement in China. Furthermore, socio-economic driving forces other than urbanization, population and industrialization are analyzed. On a national scale, the major driving forces are the per-capita rural housing area and the cultivated land area. On a regional scale, the main driving forces in the eastern China are the house-building capacity of rural households and the per-capita rural housing area; while in the central China, the main driving forces are rural housing investment, the proportion of primary industry employees in the rural working population, and the cultivated land area. For the western China, the main driving forces are rural register population and cultivated land area.     

长江三角洲土地资源遥感动态分析

对土地资源需求的增长与有限的土地资源量之间的矛盾 ,是长江三角洲区域经济持续发展的主要矛盾之一。随着长江三角洲区域经济的快速发展 ,城市化、工业化进程加快 ,土地资源在高强度的开发中发生快速变化。在经济发展的同时 ,人与土地资源的矛盾更加尖锐 ,成为当前制约国民经济持续、协调发展的重要因素。长江三角洲地区是我国经济高度发达的地区之一 ,也是我国历史上少有的大面积粮食高产、稳产区。本文在利用遥感和 GIS技术对 1985～ 2 0 0 0年间全区土地资源进行动态分析 ,特别是在对耕地资源数量的定量分析基础上 ,结合区域土地资源的结构变化特点 ,深入研究其时空过程及动态变化规律 ,探索长江三角洲地区耕地动态平衡的措施与土地资源合理利用的对策 ,为区域农业持续发展服务。     

An investigation of changes in cultivated land in guangdong province of China using GIS

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