Middle and Late Cambrian trilobite communities from Fenghuang (Dama) of western Hunan, China

Middle and Late Cambrian trilobite faunas from the Dama section in western Hunanare are composed of 63 genera and subgenera, 84 species, and two forms of gen. et sp. indetermined. Which include a mixture of cosmopolitan agnostoids and polymeroids. Three new species,Hardyoides damaensis,Meringaspis damaensis and Rhyssometopus (Rodtrifinis) nitidus, are described by present author in 2004. Besides, Erixanium is recognised for the first time in study area, which is significant for biostratigraphical correlation of the Late Cambrian in the Austalo-Asia region. According to distribution regularity vertical, the Middle and Late Cambrian trilobites can be divided into 9 trilobite communities for the Dama section. Based on the trilobite communities analysis, the author concludes that from the east Mt. Lailong to Dama through Fenghuang, further east, reach in Chenxi,the palaeoenvironments were changed from a shallow-water of oxygen-rich (platform margin slope ) into a deep-water of oxygen-poor setting (basin).     

辽东半岛南部晚先寒武纪宏体生物序列

辽东半岛市部上先寒武系自下而上划分为4群15组,其中细河群的三个组即钓鱼台组、南芬组、桥头组产宏观藻类化石;五行山群的长岭子组、南关岭组产蠕虫和宏观藻类化石;金县群兴民村组产类水母化石,葛屯组产蠕虫、宏观藻类化石,上覆的下寒武统碱厂组产三叶虫和古杯动物化石。上先寒武系7个宏体生物化石层位构成一个连续的、完整的宏体生物序列,可分为4个演化阶段:①细河期宏观藻类发生发展阶段;②五行山期蠕虫发生发展阶段和宏观藻类发展阶段;③兴民村期类水母发生发展阶段;④葛屯期蠕虫和宏观藻类新的发展阶段。据此可以划分为4个生物群,即细河生物群(800Ma前)、五行山生物群(800—700Ma)、金县生物群(677Ma)、满家滩生物群(600Ma)。另外早寒武世三叶虫和古杯动物组成葫芦套生物群,为早寒武世晚期。辽东半岛与苏皖北部晚先寒武纪地层不仅沉积序列相同,而且宏体生物序列也基本相同,两区生物地层完全可以对比。辽东半岛南部晚先寒武纪宏体生物序列的建立及其在同一地层区的延展性,提高了本区晚先寒武纪地层剖面的地位。使其可能成为全球晚先寒武纪生物地层层型剖面。     

山东寒武纪生物地层

寒武纪地层在山东中部和南部广泛发育,露头良好。J.Bergeton(1899),C.Airaghi(1902)和H. Monke(1903)等人均描述过山东寒武纪中的一些三叶虫化石。1903年,B. Willis和E. Blackwelder在山东张夏、崮山和莱芜九龙山等地测量了剖面,采集了化石,对寒武纪地层作了初步划分。其研究成果于1907年正式发表。将张夏、崮山一带的寒武     

郯庐断裂带泗县徐井段晚第四纪新活动的宏微观现象初步研究

探槽揭示,郯庐断裂带安徽泗县徐井一带第四纪以来的新活动表现为逆断型崩积楔、张裂楔、碎裂流和地震断层。根据现场分析初步认为,中更新统沉积后,探槽所在部位先遭受挤压,晚白垩世砖红色砂岩自西向东上冲垮塌到中更新世沉积之上,形成逆断型崩积楔-1;接着发生张性断裂活动,形成开口向上的张裂楔;随后,所在部位又遭受挤压,沿张裂楔的东边界断面挤压逆冲活动产生碎屑物质上抛流动,形成逆断型崩积楔-2;其上逐步形成更新沉积,当黑土层堆积以后,再次遭受挤压,使得断面上下黑土层堆积厚度显现差异。这表明中更新统沉积以后,断裂曾先后发生挤压-引张-挤压-挤压共4次活动,最新活动在全新世早期。根据逆断型崩积楔、张裂楔和地震断层等的成因,这几次活动应属高速粘滑活动,对应几次强烈的史前地震活动事件。上述认识部分得到原态微观观测分析结果的证实。     

黄河东段形成时代管见

通过汾渭盆地与河南平原地区更新统介形类化石组合的对比，作者认为：黄河东段（三门峡以东）形成的时代为中更新世初期或早更新世末期，里今约七八十万年至一百万年左右。     

华南及邻区中新生代大地构造单元

华南大陆部分中新生代大地构造单元属南华造山带,可分为NW-NWW向的滨特提斯褶皱系和NE向的滨太平洋褶皱系.滨太平洋褶皱系包含东南大陆边缘弧褶皱带和东南大陆边缘弧后褶皱带,是晚三叠世以来多期次继承性造山运动累积叠加形成的.主要褶皱时代,在陆缘弧褶皱带是晚侏罗-中始新世;在陆缘弧后褶皱带是中晚始新世之交.讨论了华南及邻区中新生代大地构造格局及其成因和羽状对称特点,以及陆壳减薄板段、主动大地构造单元和被动大地构造单元几个概念.     

山东张夏-崮山地区华北寒武系标准剖面上寒武统研究新进展

华北寒武系标准剖面分布在济南市长清区张夏镇和崮山镇,该剖面寒武纪地层发育,出露良好,三叶虫等古生物化石保存完好,笔者根据微体古生物牙形石的种属及其在地层中的分布序列,建立了上寒武统6个牙形石生物带,并根据牙形石"Cordylodus lindstromi"的首现,准确地确定了寒武系与奥陶系的界线;对寒武系长山阶的碳氧同位素曲线特征进行了分析,并把长山阶底部的碳同位素曲线与我国华南及哈萨克斯坦等国寒武系芙蓉统底部的碳同位素进行了对比,建立了华北寒武系与国内以及国外寒武系的对比关系。     

塔里木盆地库车坳陷东部上三叠统—中侏罗统物源特征及其地质意义

根据砂岩岩石薄片、石英阴极发光和重矿物组合分析,结合沉积构造及地震解释成果,对塔里木盆地库车坳陷东部上三叠统—中侏罗统物源体系及其演化进行详细分析,确定了物源方向及母岩性质。结果表明:塔里木盆地库车坳陷东部上三叠统—中侏罗统物源主要来自北部南天山造山带物源区,以岩浆岩和变质岩母岩为主,兼有少量沉积岩物源的影响。其中,塔里奇克组砂岩中陆源碎屑岩岩屑含量较高,阴极发光条件下不发光石英含量较高,重矿物组合具有高锆石、白钛矿和磁铁矿含量以及低石榴子石含量的特征,母岩可能为上奥陶统—上三叠统早期沉积;阿合组及阳霞组砂岩中岩浆岩岩屑含量升高,重矿物组合以较高的石榴子石含量为特征,阴极发光条件下石英主要为蓝紫色及棕褐色发光,其母岩主要来自二叠系及其下伏地层;克孜勒努尔组及恰克马克组砂岩中变质岩岩屑含量明显升高,石榴子石含量极高,阴极发光条件下棕褐色发光石英含量增多,表明变质岩母岩的影响增强。晚三叠世—中侏罗世,研究区物源区母岩演化具有明显规律性,即晚三叠世受较多沉积岩母岩影响,早侏罗世岩浆岩母岩供给增多,中侏罗世以变质岩母岩为主。晚三叠世,库车坳陷东部南天山造山带大幅抬升,导致大量变质岩母岩卷入造山带遭受剥蚀;早—中侏罗世,南天山造山带中段构造活动具有东西分段的特点,吐格尔明30团剖面以东早侏罗世砂岩率先具有高石榴子石含量的特点,而西部地区中侏罗世砂岩才大量出现石榴子石,表明南天山造山带中段的虎拉山及额尔宾山在早侏罗世隆升-剥蚀强烈,而哈尔克山在中侏罗世才进入强烈抬升期。     

大巴山区寒武系的研究

扬子区北缘大巴山地区的寒武系在米仓山小区和城口—巫溪小区广泛发育。由于司上—万源隆起的分隔,两小区寒武系发育特点有明显差异。米仓山小区的下塞武统自下而上发育有宽川铺段、郭家坝组、仙女洞组、阎王碥组和孔明洞组;中统仅发育在该区的东南部,有陡坡寺组;上统普遍缺失。城口—巫溪小区寒武系发育较全,自下而上为下统的火烧店组、水井沱组、石牌组、天河板组和石龙洞组;中统的石溪河群和上统的三游洞群。米仓山小区的寒武系因沧浪铺期后汉南古陆不断扩大,沉积盆地自西向东缩小致使西部地层缺失比东部要多。     

中祁连山东段南缘克素尔组海绵类化石的发现与时代讨论

中祁连山东段之青海湟中门旦峡原蓟县系克素尔组发现 Chancelloria sp.(异射海绵目张腔海绵)和三叶虫、介形类、腹足类、海百合茎等可疑化石碎片。据此,作者对其地层时代提出疑问和可能归属于下寒武统的讨论意见。     

太行山东麓汤西断裂南段活动特征分析

采用槽探、年代样品测试、阶地调查和形变测量监测等方法，对太行山东麓汤西断裂南段进行研究，分析其活动特征。结果表明，汤西断裂发育于中更新世，历经多次活动，断裂并未上延到上更新统地层中，其南段的活动强度较高，最新活动年代为中更新世；汤西断裂西代村场地的垂直形变监测（1999~2014年）结果存在异常，综合监测点数据和区域新构造特征分析发现，该异常可能是研究区区域形变场的反映，并非由汤西断裂活动引起。     

米仓山南坡寒武系沉积相分析

本文确认米仑山南坡的寒武系以潮坪相为主,并有浅海、生物礁和三角州相。文中阐述了这些相的特征和它们的时空分布,提出了该区寒武纪近岸盆地沉积模式,并指出寒武纪沉积为一海进一海退沉积旋回。文章还对寒武纪的地理景观和气候演变作了探讨。     

朝阳董家店地区寒武系

朝阳董家店地区寒武系发育,岩石地层单位从下面上分为A组(含燧石结核、燧石条带白云岩组),B组(红色砂页岩、白云岩组),董家店组(C组,鲕粒白云岩组),D组(薄层灰岩组)。生物地层单位从下而上为Probowmania带,Taitzeuia-Crepicephalina带,Blackwelderia-Cyclorenzella,parabola带,Chuangia带,Tsinania带,Tellerina带。年代地层单位可划分为寒武系下统(缺少化石,不能建阶);寒武系中统毛庄阶,张夏阶(因缺少化石,徐庄阶不能建立);寒武系上统崮山阶,长山阶,凤山阶。董家店组是笔者命名的岩组,其命名的主要依据是岩性、岩相特征明显,岩组全为鲕粒白云岩,在该区延展较广,与邻区同层岩组有较大差别。     

Structural feature and tectonic evolution of Awati——Bachu area in Tarim Basin

The research area is situated in the western part of Tarim basin,which includes Awati depression and Bachu uplifted block. It underwent three times processes of compression in a large scale and a near term extension since Cambrian. The first compression occurred during Middle Cambrian to Devonian, which formed fault band folds in NW axial direction. They were "under-water uplift"and distributed all over the research area. The second compression occurred in Late Permian and formed fault band folds and a few fault propagation folds in NS axial direction. They are developed near Tumuxiuke fault belt and the northern research area. The western anticline is bigger than the eastern one in extent and size. The third compression occurred during Palaeogene to Quaternary and formed tumuxiuke fault belt and fault propagation folds in NW direction. They are distributed over the south part of the research area. Tumuxiuke fault belt is a big scale dextral reversed strike-slip fault belt; it transformed or destroyed the fold structure of the research area. A short-term extension occurred during Early Permian. Tarim Basin is in the rift forming stage of craton, and there exist widespread basic volcanic rocks, basic intrusive bodies and dikes.     

陕南镇巴筇竹寺期的海绵骨针化石

在陕南镇巴下寒武统西蒿坪段和水井沱组下段的碳酸盐地层中含有大量保存完好、类型多样的海绵骨针化石。基于形态描述法,对海绵骨针化石进行了详细的形态描述及产地与层位判断。结果表明:根据与其共生的小壳化石和三叶虫等生物地层学资料,发现这些海绵骨针化石属于筇竹寺期;该区海绵骨针类型不仅包含有形态规则的二轴四射骨针、三轴六射骨针、三轴五射骨针,而且还有形态不规则的四轴四射骨针、五轴五射骨针、尖头星状骨针、二歧分叉式骨针等;其中的四轴四射骨针、五轴五射骨针、五刺尖头星状骨针、二歧分叉二射式骨针为本次发现的新类型,极大地丰富了海绵骨针的类型。陕南镇巴筇竹寺期海绵骨针化石的数量以及分异度快速增加,充分说明海绵动物在陕南地区寒武纪早期开始大量繁盛并且迅速演化。     

Structural feature and tectonic evolution of Awati——Bachu area in Tarim Basin

The research area is situated in the western part of Tarim basin, which includes Awati depression and Bachu uplifted block. It underwent three times processes of compression in a large scale and a near term extension since Cambrian. The first compression occurred during Middle Cambrian to Devonian, which formed fault band folds in NW axial direction. They were ＂under-water uplift＂ and distributed all over the research area. The second compression occurred in Late Permian and formed fault band folds and a few fault propagation folds in NS axial direction. They are developed near Tumuxiuke fault belt and the northern research area. The western anticline is bigger than the eastern one in extent and size. The third compression occurred during Palaeogene to Quaternary and formed tumuxiuke fault belt and fault propagation folds in NW direction. They are distributed over the south part of the research area. Tumuxiuke fault belt is a big scale dextral reversed strike-slip fault belt; it transformed or destroyed the fold structure of the research area. A short-term extension occurred during Early Permian. Tarim Basin is in the rift forming stage of craton, and there exist widespread basic vol- canic rocks, basic intrusive bodies and dikes.     

The Formation, Movement and Evolution Pattern of Jurassic Terrestrial Deposit Basin in Daqingshan Region

The authors have reconstructed the original shape of Jurassic basin in Daqingshan region and discussed the movement and evolution pattern of the basin. The basin developed between Paleozoic strata sliver and metamorphic rock sliver in late stage of Early Jurassic and extended in latitude direction. The palco - terrene of the basin is higher in north and west than south and east. The boundary of basin is largest in Changhangou stage of Middle Jurassic. After middle Jurassic, the region took place Yenshan movement, and then the basin changed obviously from weakly extending environment of Early and Middle Jurassic to extruding environment of late Jurassic, and the paleoclimate of the basin changed from warmth and wetness to dry. The basin finished the evolution history in the late stage of Late Jurassic with the development of thrust.     

Middle and Late Permian palynoflora in Tianshan Township,southeast of Bogda Mountain,Xinjiang, China

The Permian is one of the most important periods during which the vegetative earth witnessed the transition from icehouse to greenhouse climate and the global environment changes. Organisms on the planet en-countered great challenge and the demise of swamp caused the extinction of arborescent lycopods and the rising of Mesophytic plants accomplished the floral transition from the Paleophytic to Mesophytic vegetation. In order to depict the climatic changes and floral succession in the middle and high latitudes of the North Hemisphere, palynological investigation was engaged, and 40 samples collected from the uppermost of Taerlang Formation, Hongyanchi Formation and Quanzijie Formation in the Tianshan Town, Turpan-Hami Basin, eastern Xinjiang, China. The result shows that the palynoflora in the studied area is composed of 50 species of 33 genera, domi-nated by disaccites and striatiti gymnosperm pollen, and characterized by diverse Protohaploxypinus, Hamia-pollenites, Alisporites and Klausipollenites. It is quite similar to those Middle and Late Permian palynological as-semblages reported in the Dalongkou section and other localities in southern margin of Junggar Basin, and aged at Middle and Late Permian. The diversity of typical Angara and sub-Angara pollen, such as Falcisporites, Alisporites, Protohaploxypinus, Vittatina, Lunatisporites, Hamiapollenites, etc. indicates that the studied palyno-flora belonged to the sub-Angara phytoprovince, while the presence of Lueckisporites virkkiae implied Euramerica pollen intruded northward sometimes. The paleoclimate of the studied area might be warm and humid with fluc-tuated dry seasons during the late Guadalupian and early Lopingian time.