华东南地区花岗岩型铌-钽矿床区域成矿地质背景

为探究华东南地区花岗岩型铌-钽矿床区域成矿地质背景,给华东南地区花岗岩型铌-钽矿区域成矿规律总结和资源潜力评价提供地质构造依据,收集整理15个典型花岗岩型铌-钽矿床的资料,结合其矿床特征、成矿时代、成矿岩体及岩石地球化学研究,认为矿床形成时代集中于124~185 Ma,属燕山期。地球化学特征显示,P2O5含量在不同成矿花岗岩中富集程度不同,既有高P,也有低P,A/CNK=0.97~1.99（绝大部分大于1.1）,具有过铝质特征;微量元素富集Rb和Nb、Ta、Th、Zr、Hf等,亏损Sr、Ti、Ba,稀土元素含量总体呈现出较低的趋势,具有明显的负Eu异常;Zr/Hf=3.13~23.31,Nb/Ta=0.28~7.67,结合其矿物特征,认为含矿岩体均为高分异花岗岩。成矿岩体底部到顶部,除部分隐伏岩体显示出顶上带的特征外,其余成矿岩体都显示出明显的相带特征,且特征矿物云母的变化较明显,向浅色云母及富锂方向演化;成矿岩体为黑云母花岗岩、二云母花岗岩和白云母花岗岩的共生或过渡组合,成矿花岗岩既有S型高分异的花岗岩,也有黄玉A型花岗岩,黄玉A型花岗岩与S型花岗岩共生且由S型花岗岩熔融作用形成。结合区域研究资料,认为矿床形成于洋-陆汇聚背景下的俯冲增生造山过程,即古太平洋板块向西俯冲,诱导扬子陆块东南缘发生陆内俯冲,导致东南沿海侵入（岩）弧的西北缘推覆至扬子陆块东南缘上方,形成众多碰撞型花岗岩型铌-钽矿床。     

Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of Neoproterozoic, highly fractionated A-type granites from Mianning, South China

The origin of Neoproterozoic intrusions (ca. 860–750 Ma) along the western part of the Yangtze Craton has been the subject of debate in recent years, with two competing models proposed. The plume model argues for an extensional setting and emphasizes the role of a superplume in the Rodinia breakup, whereas the arc model argues for the presence of a subduction zone in the Yangtze Craton. As a contribution to this animated dispute, geochronologic and geochemical analyses have been carried out on the Mianning granite, which is the largest pluton (700 km²) in the northern Kangdian rift of the western Yangtze Craton. It is shown that the Mianning granites were emplaced at ca. 780 Ma and display highly fractionated feature (i.e., SiO₂ > 75 wt%; Eu/Eu* = 0.03–0.50; enrichment of K, Rb, Th, U, Zr, Hf, Y and REEs; depletion of Nb, Ta, Ba, Sr, P, Eu and Ti). They are metaluminous to strongly peraluminous (A/CNK = 0.93–1.55) and contain abundant perthite and minor alkali riebeckite and sphene, sharing the petrological and geochemical characters of A₂-type granites. Positive _Nd (t) (2.97–5.24) and zircon _Hf (t) (9.2–12.1) values are consistent with a derivation by partial melting of a relatively young crust formed about 1000–900 Ma. Given the general absence of A-type granites in arc settings, the Mianning A-type granites are suggestive of an anorogenic, crustal extensional environment for the western Yangtze Craton during the Neoproterozoic. The data presented in this study are therefore consistent with an intracontinental rift model, but are not sufficient to identify plume involvement in the Neoproterozoic magmatism.     

南岭高分异花岗岩成岩与成矿

南岭是我国花岗岩研究程度最高的地区。特别是由于这一地区花岗岩与钨、锡、铌、钽、锆、铪、铜、钼、铅、锌、银、铋、锑、铀、锂、铍、稀土等金属成矿作用关系密切而受到国内外学术界关注。一般认为,南岭花岗岩及相关的成矿作用与花岗岩浆的高度结晶分异作用有关,但高分异作用发生的原因却并不明确。本文通过详细梳理南岭中生代燕山早期花岗岩的特征提出,这些花岗岩的结晶分异作用表现为岩浆房内晶粥体和残留岩浆的长期不断分凝。区内大面积的粗粒似斑状花岗岩为岩浆房早期结晶的堆晶体（主体）,而晚期细粒花岗岩则为残留的高硅熔体（补体）。岩浆房发生充分结晶分异作用受控于两个因素：其一是岩浆房自身在演化过程中不断受到来自深部热的补给,使岩浆房内富含金属元素的残留熔体不断发生抽离,并向上运移。花岗岩体顶端的伟晶岩壳是保证抽离的熔体在近封闭环境下不断发生分异的另一个重要因素。这些特征使得南岭花岗岩的分异机制明显有别于喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩,后者以沿大型拆离断层就位并发生分异结晶为主要机制,两者可分别归类为热驱动分异和构造驱动分异类型,构成高分异花岗岩发生的两大重要机制。未来应结合锂资源的国家重大战略需求,对南岭地区高分异花岗岩,特别是晚期钨锡铌钽成矿花岗岩展开全面检查与评价,着重研究铁锂云母花岗岩及云英岩的岩石序列、矿物演变、金属元素富集和岩浆储存机制等,使南岭花岗岩与成矿作用研究再上新台阶。

     

腾冲早白垩世花岗岩的高分异成因及其构造意义

腾冲地块东缘发育大量早白垩世花岗岩,这些花岗岩普遍具有高硅（69.2%~77.4%）、富钾（K₂O/Na₂O>1.1）、弱过铝-强过铝质（A/CNK=1.03~1.23）及不同程度Eu的负异常（δEu=0.13~0.69）的特征,被认为是S型花岗岩或者是高分异的I型花岗岩。厘清这些花岗岩的成因对于理解腾冲地块早白垩世岩浆活动、构造演化及其与西藏拉萨和羌塘等陆块的构造对应关系具有重要意义。本文选择了腾冲地块中3个典型的早白垩世岩体（明光、勐连、小棠-芒东）中的二长花岗岩、白云母花岗岩及正长花岗岩重点进行了高精度SIMS氧同位素研究,结合SIMS U-Pb年代学、全岩主微量元素、Sr-Nd同位素分析探讨了这些花岗岩的成因及构造意义。锆石SIMS U-Pb定年结果表明3个岩体花岗岩的侵位年龄为112~122Ma,SIMS氧同位素分析结果表明这些花岗岩都具有一致的低δ¹⁸O值（6.5‰~7.0‰）。全岩Sr-Nd同位素结果表明它们具有一致的富集同位素特征,（⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr）_i变化于0.7062~0.7213,ε_Nd（t）变化于-9.1~-4.7。以上全岩和锆石的地球化学分析结果表明这些花岗岩的源区主要为古老的镁铁质下地壳,属于高分异I型花岗岩,并非前人认为的S型花岗岩。结合前人研究,本文认为这些高分异I型花岗岩可能形成于拉萨-腾冲与羌塘-保山地块碰撞后,中特提斯洋板块发生回转或板片断离的构造背景下,跟拉萨地块北缘岩浆岩带同期构造背景一致,是其东南向延伸。

     

东南亚锡矿带泰国沙蒙矿床花岗岩成因及其对锡成矿作用的指示

本文围绕泰国沙蒙矿床锡成矿相关的中粗粒黑云母花岗岩及远离矿体的细粒角闪石黑云母花岗岩开展了全岩地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学及原位Hf同位素研究。锆石U-Pb年龄显示两类花岗岩分别形成于210.9±1.1 Ma和206.5±1.0 Ma。二者均具有富碱(全碱含量为5.81%～8.22%)、弱过铝—强过铝(A/CNK=1.01～1.14)、相对富集Rb、Th、Pb等元素、低的TFeO/MgO(0.75～3.54)和10000Ga/Al(2.21～2.66)比值等特征。中粗粒黑云母花岗岩具有原生白云母,高的K₂O/Na₂O(1.56～2.50)和Rb/Sr(2.26～2.60)比值,且其锆石具有较高的P含量,属于典型的S型花岗岩。而细粒角闪石黑云母花岗岩普遍发育角闪石,具有低的K₂O/Na₂O(0.45～1.11)和Rb/Sr(0.54～1.18)比值,且其锆石具有较低的P含量,应属于典型的I型花岗岩。两种花岗岩具有截然不同的Hf同位素组成,其中中粗粒黑云母花岗岩具有明显低的ε_Hf(...     

冈底斯带南部桑日高分异I型花岗岩的岩石成因及其动力学意义

冈底斯岩浆岩带位于西藏南部的拉萨地体南缘,它形成于特提斯洋和印度-亚洲大陆长期俯冲碰撞过程中,是青藏高原花岗岩最发育的地区。前人对冈底斯岩浆带中各类型花岗岩的成因、源区、时空分布以及其地球动力学意义进行了详细大量的研究,但是对高分异花岗岩的具体成因、演化过程以及在70~65Ma拉萨地块的地球动力学演化过程研究较少。本文选择冈底斯南缘白垩纪末桑日花岗岩进行研究,揭示了桑日花岗岩的岩石学特征、锆石U-Pb年龄、锆石Hf同位素特征和地球化学特征。本文样品LA-ICP-MS测得的锆石U-Pb年龄为67~66Ma。桑日花岗岩属于高钾钙碱性系列,具有高Si O2(74.26%~76.93%)、高K2O+Na2O(7.87%~8.56%),低P2O5(0.02%~0.04%)和Ca O(0.28%~1.00%),以及富集K、Rb、Th,亏损Nb、P、Ti的高分异I型花岗岩的特征。在锆石Hf同位素上,桑日花岗岩εHf(t)0(+4.6~+10.9),且具有Hf不均一的特征。结合前人研究,本文认为桑日花岗岩是高分异I型花岗岩,在特提斯洋板块北向俯冲过程中,板片回转,俯冲洋壳脱水产生的流体进入地幔楔,引发地幔楔发生部分熔融产生镁铁质幔源物质并底侵上涌,导致浅部地壳发生部分熔融,并与幔源岩浆混合,从而在浅部形成混源岩浆房,最终在侵位与成岩后期经历高程度的分异演化形成的。     

Geochemistry of A-type granites in the Huangshaping polymetallic deposit (South Hunan,China): Implications for granite evolution and associated mineralization

The Huangshaping granites in Hunan Province, South China were investigated for their geochemical characteristics. Three types of granites have been petrographically identified: quartz porphyry, granophyre, and granite porphyry. Whole rock geochemistry suggests that the Huangshaping granites, especially the granite porphyry, exhibit typical A-type granite characteristics with their enrichment in Si, Rb, U, Th, and Nb and significant depletion in Ba, Sr, Ti, Eu, and P. Based on the Al, Y and Zr contents as well as the REE patterns of the rocks investigated, the quartz porphyry and the granophyre are classified as A₁ type alkaline granites whereas the granite porphyry is considered as A₂ type aluminous granite. Whole rock and quartz/feldspar O isotope data yields a wide range of δ¹⁸O_SMOW values (11.09–26.32‰). The granites are characterized by high radiogenic Pb isotopic composition. The present-day whole rock Pb isotopic ratios are ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 18.706–19.155, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.616–15.711 and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 38.734–39.296. Combining the O–Pb isotope compositions with major, trace and REE geochemistry and regional geology characteristics, the Huangshaping granites were determined to resemble within-plate granites that were mainly derived from a felsic infracrustal source related to continental extension. The magma source of the quartz porphyry and the granophyre may have been generated from deeper depths, and then ascended rapidly with limited water content and low oxygen fugacity, which contributed to Cu, Pb and Zn mineralization. On the other hand, the magma that generated the granite porphyry may have ascended relatively slower and experienced pronounced crystal fractionation, upper-crustal basement rock contamination (assimilation) and wall–rock interaction, producing the Sn- and W-rich granite porphyry. This study reveals the crustal extension process and associated magmatic–metallogenic activities during 180–150 Ma in South Hunan.     

东北地区显生宙花岗岩的成因与地壳增生

东北地区显生宙花岗岩极为发育,特别是中生代印支—燕山期岩体分布面积巨大,可称之为巨型花岗岩省。其主要的成因类型是Ｉ－分异型和Ａ－型,而Ｓ－型花岗岩极为少见。区域地质分析表明,这些花岗岩的主体是在古亚洲域洋壳消失后形成的,其成因与由大量板块俯冲而导致的区域深部热异常或地幔柱有关。从地球化学特点上看,这些花岗岩主要表现为低的初始锶（ＩＳｒ≈０．７０５）和高初始钕（εＮｄ（ｔ）＞０,显示其形成与地幔关系密切。对其年轻的钕模式年龄（ｔＤＭ＜１０００Ｍａ）的分析表明,地质历史上的新元古代－显生宙也是地壳增生的重要时期;同时,垂向增生也是地壳生长的重要机制。     

华南西部地区晚中生代与W-Sn矿有关花岗岩的年代学格架及地质意义

华南西部地区是我国重要的大型-超大型锡多金属矿床分布区。本文根据近年来新获得的花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb数据,结合近几年以来新报道的高精度成岩成矿年代学资料和地球动力学研究进展,总结发现华南西部地区中生代岩浆-成矿作用的时代主要集中在晚白垩世(76～98Ma)。通过分别总结华南东、西部地区晚白垩岩浆作用及相应的成矿作用的特征,发现华南东、西部的成岩成矿作用特征表现出明显的差异,但是这两地内部各自却表现出高度的一致性;且东部地区明显要比西部地区更为复杂,但二者之间的共同点在于该时期均处于岩石圈伸展的环境和壳幔间的相互作用明显。晚白垩世华南西部地区主要受控于华南陆块陆内背景下岩石圈伸展而导致的岩浆-成矿作用这一因素,而东部地区除此之外还受到太平洋古板块北北东向走滑带来的影响。     

湘中白马山复式岩体成因及其成矿效应

白马山复式岩体位于湘西雪峰山弧形构造隆起带与湘中白马山-龙山-紫云山EW向构造带的交汇处,由水车、龙潭、小沙江和龙藏湾超单元花岗岩组成.锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素定年显示,水车、龙潭、小沙江、龙藏湾超单元花岗岩的侵位年龄分别为424.9±2.2Ma、228.2±1.3Ma、225.3±1.1Ma和215.0...     

新疆北部卡拉麦里地区黄羊山碱性花岗岩的岩石成因

北疆地区晚古生代后碰撞岩浆活动以大面积分布碱性花岗岩为特征。侵位于晚石炭世的黄羊山碱性花岗岩体是北疆地区产于300Ma左右后碰撞伸展环境中的典型的花岗岩体之一,以正εNd(t)值(+5.06～+6.67)和年轻的tDM(501～878Ma)为特征。黄羊山碱性花岗岩包括钠铁闪石碱性花岗岩和角闪石碱长花岗岩,为过碱质到弱过铝质,岩石化学属钾玄岩系列和高钾钙碱性系列;稀土元素配分曲线为典型的"V"字形,具明显的负Eu异常;富集大离子亲石元素和高场强元素,显著亏损Ba、Sr、P2O5、TiO2。根据这种碱性花岗岩高εNd(t)值和tDM与区域内洋壳年龄吻合度较好的特征,推测其可能源岩应为洋盆闭合时洋壳残片转化而来的年轻地壳。模拟计算得出,黄羊山碱性花岗岩中幔源组分的比例可达88%～92%。在维宪末期-谢尔普霍夫末期的萨吾尔运动之后,软流圈物质上涌所携带的巨大热能加热了区域范围内的地壳,先期抵达的幔源岩浆所携带的热能进一步加热并熔融了下地壳镁铁质物质,形成北疆地区～300Ma的碱性花岗岩。同时,本文也说明了洋壳残片通过构造运动归并到陆壳当中亦可能是某些地区在某些地质时期大陆地壳增生的重要方式之一。     

新编华南花岗岩分布图及其说明

展示了新编的《华南花岗岩分布图（1：250万）》,并作了简要说明。该图在前人相关图件的基础上,收集了近15年来华南花岗岩研究的新的主量元素和年代学资料修编而成。此外,该图反映了华南不同时代花岗岩的富铝程度。     

胶东崂山早白垩世A型花岗岩成因及对区域构造演化的意义

早白垩世崂山花岗岩位于苏鲁超高压变质带中部, 是中国东部典型的A型花岗岩之一。其岩浆源区和岩石成因目前还存在一定的争议, 而且其成岩过程中的物理化学条件及相关研究也比较缺乏。本文在详细的野外工作和岩相学研究的基础上, 采用角闪石、黑云母的成分估算了成岩的温度、压力和氧逸度条件, 并开展了岩石地球化学、Sr-Nd同位素分析, 探讨岩石的源区和成因。结果显示, 崂山花岗岩的岩浆形成于高温(>850℃)和高氧逸度条件。岩浆在地壳浅部压力较低的条件下结晶, 岩浆固结温度在700℃左右, 随后经历了快速降温的过程。岩石地球化学方面, 崂山花岗岩富SiO2、富碱, 贫Ca、Mg; 高场强元素Th、Zr、Nb、Y和大离子亲石元素Rb、K含量高, 而Ba、Sr含量低; 稀土元素含量高, 且具有显著的Eu负异常, 呈右倾"海鸥型"分配特征。同位素方面, 所有样品均显示出富集的Sr、Nd同位素特征, (87Sr/86Sr)i=0.706447~0.707876, εNd(117Ma)值为-14.8~-17.4, 全岩Nd两阶段模式年龄(tDM2)为2112~2325Ma。结合胶东地区前人的研究成果, 本文认为崂山A型花岗岩是由地壳中富K的碱性岩重熔而成, 其岩浆源区很可能与该区三叠纪碱性岩浆活动有关。崂山A型花岗岩的形成标志着碰撞造山带底部的扬子板块已经垮塌完毕, 同时岩石圈减薄达到高峰。     

东昆仑金水口泥盆纪层状花岗岩成因和找矿意义

东昆仑造山带是青藏高原与冈底斯带相媲美的巨型岩浆岩带, 但该带是否具有形成硬岩型稀有金属矿床的潜力还不清楚。最近在东昆仑金水口地区发现了锂铍矿化伟晶岩, 暗示其有可能成为以锂铍为主的稀有金属成矿潜力区。本文以矿化伟晶岩空间上紧密共生的金水口层状花岗岩体为研究对像, 揭示其地球化学特征和形成时代, 探讨其成因和找矿意义。金水口层状花岗岩下部为弱过铝高钾钙碱性黑云母二长花岗岩, 上部为高分异强过铝二云母正长花岗岩、石榴子石碱长花岗岩和钠长花岗岩。花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为396~395Ma, LA-ICP-MS独居石U-Pb年龄为396~391Ma。黑云母二长花岗岩、二云母正长花岗岩、石榴子石碱长花岗岩和钠长花岗岩具有相似的Nd同位素组成, ε_Nd(t)为-6.52~-4.48, 黑云母二长花岗岩与二云母正长花岗岩具有相似的全岩Pb同位素组成和锆石Hf同位素组成, ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb(t)为38.187~38.219, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb(t)为15.627~15.652, ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb(t)为18.299~18.527, ε_Hf(t)为-6.25~+0.58。下部花岗岩和上部高分异花岗岩均源于元古代岩石和少量新生年轻地壳物质组成的下地壳, 为I型花岗岩, 形成于碰撞后伸展构造环境。金水口花岗岩岩浆演化过程中Li、Be、Nb、Ta和Sn富集, 与其东侧跃进山花岗岩共同构成了潜在的稀有金属矿化伟晶岩的母体花岗岩, 推断跃进山花岗岩南部和东部具有伟晶岩型Li-Be矿的找矿潜力。东昆仑造山带出现泥盆纪Li-Be矿成矿作用, 暗示青藏高原北部除了中生代外, 古生代也存在Li-Be矿重要成矿潜力。

     

Some High—P—Subtype and Low—P—Subtype F—Rich Granites in South China

The F-rich granites in South CHina could be distinguished as the high-P subtype and the low-P subtype according to their P2O5 contents.There are obvious differences in chemical composition of these two subtypes,The high-P subtype is strongly peraluminous and characterized by low silica and very low REE contents,while the low-P subtype is weakly peraluminous and characterized by high silica and very high REE contents.There are also some differences in chmical compositions of feldspars and micas for these two subtypes,The phosphorus of the high-P subtype mainly appears to be in the feldspar structure as PAlSi-2 substitution or subordinately in amblygonite as an accessory mineral,while the phosphorus of the low-P subtype is mainly in apatite and other phosphate minerals.     

Highly fractionated I-type granites in NE China (I): geochronology and petrogenesis

Northeastern (NE) China is the easternmost part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), which is celebrated for its accretionary tectonics and the world's most important juvenile crust production in the Phanerozoic era. Abundant granitoids occur in the Great Xing'an, Lesser Xing'an and Zhangguangcai Ranges in NE China. This paper presents partial results of a series of studies on the granitoids from this region, aiming to understand their role in the building of new continental crust in eastern Asia. Three composite granite plutons (Xinhuatun, Lamashan and Yiershi) were chosen for geochemical and isotopic study in order to determine their emplacement ages and petrogenesis. Petrographically, they range from granodiorite (minor), monzogranite, syenogranite to alkali-feldspar granite. Quartz and perthitic feldspar are principal phases, accompanied by minor amounts of plagioclase, biotite (<5%) and other accessory minerals. In addition, many contain abundant miarolitic cavities which suggest that they were emplaced at shallow levels with extensive fractional crystallization. Geochemically, the granites are silica-rich, peraluminous and have high contents of alkalis. They invariably show enrichment in light rare earth elements (LREE) and significant negative Eu anomalies. All the granitic rocks demonstrate the characteristic negative anomalies in Ba, Nb, Sr, P, Eu, and Ti, and a positive anomaly in Pb in the spidergram.

The emplacement of the Xinhuatun pluton took place at 184±4 Ma as revealed by zircon SHRIMP U–Pb data. This is also supported by the slightly younger Rb–Sr whole-rock (WR) isochron age of 173±3 Ma. A whole-rock (WR) Rb–Sr isochron age of 154±3 Ma was obtained for the Lamashan pluton, which is interpreted as close to the time of emplacement. The Yiershi pluton was intruded at about 140 Ma as evidenced by a zircon U–Pb age of 137±2 Ma and WR Rb–Sr isochron age of 143±5 Ma. Biotite-WR Rb–Sr isochrons and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages of feldspars allow us to estimate the cooling rate of each pluton.

Geochemical data suggest that the rocks are highly fractionated I-type granites. Fractionation of biotite and feldspars was the principal process of magmatic differentiation and responsible for major element variation. Rb, Sr and Ba concentrations were controlled by feldspar separation, whereas REE elements were fractionated by accessory minerals, such as apatite, allanite and monazite.     

大兴安岭南段海流特高分异花岗岩锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及成矿意义

大兴安岭南段在晚侏罗世-早白垩世期间集中爆发有多期岩浆活动,深入讨论花岗岩岩石成因及岩浆演化过程对该地区中生代地球动力学背景及成矿作用研究具有重要意义。本文报道了海流特中粒二长花岗岩、细粒二长花岗岩、花岗伟晶岩的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄和全岩地球化学数据。海流特中粒二长花岗岩、细粒二长花岗岩、花岗伟晶岩的锆石²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄分别为142.0±0.7 Ma、141.2±1.1 Ma、139.7±2.4 Ma,属早白垩世。样品主量元素表现为高硅、富碱,A/CNK值为1.01～1.18,平均1.09,属弱过铝质。微量元素富集Rb、Th、K等大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损Ba、Sr、P、Ti等高场强元素(HFSE),Eu负异常明显(δEu=0.012～0.040),Zr+Nb+Ce+Y值介于38.25×10^-6～258.2×10^-6之间,小于350×10^-6,锆石饱和温度为723～778℃,未见原生白云母及碱性暗色矿物。岩浆演化过程中经历了斜长石、钾长石等...     

湖南瑶岗仙复式花岗岩岩石成因及与钨成矿关系

瑶岗仙复式花岗岩体位于南岭复杂构造带北端,赋存着大型瑶岗仙钨矿床。瑶岗仙花岗岩高硅、富碱,属于高钾钙碱性系列,为分异的S型花岗岩。系统的单颗粒锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素年龄测定表明,瑶岗仙复式花岗岩体有多期成岩事件,分别为:170Ma形成的粗粒二云母花岗岩,162Ma形成的中细粒二云母花岗岩,157Ma形成的细粒白云母花岗岩,表明花岗质岩浆经历了多期脉动侵位。元素地球化学及Sr-Nd同位素特征表明,瑶岗仙花岗岩成岩物质来源于古元古代的泥质岩。瑶岗仙花岗岩成岩年龄为170~157Ma,处于燕山期陆内伸展-减薄的构造环境。瑶岗仙花岗岩的成岩事件与钨矿床成矿事件在时空上高度吻合,花岗岩岩浆经历了高度分离结晶并产生富挥发分的流体,表明花岗岩可能为岩浆期后热液阶段成矿作用提供了原始流体和物质来源。     

福建北东沿海高分异Ⅰ型花岗岩的成因:锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学和Nd-Hf同位素制约

以福建北东沿海的南镇、大层山、三沙和大京四个岩体为对象,系统研究了它们的年代学和地球化学特征,并据此探讨了岩体的成因。锆石LA—ICP—MSU—Pb定年结果表明,南镇、大层山、三沙和大京岩体的成岩年龄分别为96．1&#177;2．7Ma、93．1&#177;2．4Ma、91．5&#177;1．5Ma和93．8&#177;1．8Ma,指示它们均为晚白垩世岩浆活动的产物。这些岩体的组成矿物主要为石英和条纹长石,并含有一定量斜长石（〈15％）,铁镁矿物主要为少量黑云母,未出现碱性铁镁矿物,副矿物组合中普遍出现榍石而未见铝过饱和矿物。化学组成上表现为高硅、富碱、准铝,贫钙、镁、铁,Rb／Sr比值高,K／Rb比值低,富Cs、Rb、Th、u、Pb,贫Ba、Sr、P、Ti、Eu。岩石的FeO^＊／MgO比值较低（=3．44—5．04）,10^4&#215;Ga／Al比值和Zr＋Nb＋Ce＋Y含量均低于A型花岗岩的下限值,其锆石饱和温度也较低（730—779℃）,综合地质地球化学特征指示这些岩体应属高分异的Ⅰ型花岗岩。四个岩体的Nd同位素组成较均-（εNd（t）=-4．2～-5．5）,而锆石Hf同位素则具较大的变化范围（εHf（t）=-11．6～4．5）,εHf（t）值散布于正值与负值之间,变化幅度可达10个εHf单位以上,指示岩体的形成存在不同来源物质的贡献。岩石的形成极可能经历了壳幔物质在源区混合形成原始岩浆,随后这一壳幔混源岩浆又经高程度分异演化的二阶段成岩过程,而并非起源于幔源岩浆底侵形成的初生地壳与古老基底地壳混合的地壳原岩的部分熔融。