西藏多龙矿集区拿顿铜金矿床成矿时代的厘定及其找矿指示意义

西藏多龙矿集区是中国新发现的具有世界级规模的铜金矿集区。目前,该矿集区的中部和北部已发现多个斑岩型和斑岩-浅成低温热液型矿床,而区内西南部也发现了多个铜金矿床,指示了良好的找矿潜力。拿顿是矿集区内西南部具有代表性的铜金矿床,矿化类型为浅成低温热液型。野外地质调查表明,该矿床成矿作用可分为2个阶段,早阶段矿化主要赋存于角砾岩筒中,并与角砾岩筒同时形成,而晚阶段矿化主要以脉体形式产出,切穿角砾岩筒及早阶段矿化。年代学研究结果显示,角砾岩筒中以角砾形式产出的花岗闪长斑岩锆石U-Pb年龄为（117.5±0.7）Ma,被后期花岗闪长斑岩（116.1±1.3Ma）侵入,由此指示角砾岩筒及早阶段矿化形成于116~117 Ma。此外,明矾石⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar年代学研究进一步表明,晚阶段石英-明矾石-硫化物脉形成于（111.3±2.5）Ma,这也证实该矿区成矿作用具有多阶段性特征。文章结果指示,拿顿铜金矿可能存在多期与浅成低温热液型矿化有关的成矿岩体,并且多龙矿集区内也可能存在更多形成于111 Ma而未被发现的矿床。     

西藏波龙斑岩铜金矿床成矿斑岩年代学、岩石化学特征及其成矿意义

波龙斑岩铜金矿床是近年来在青藏高原中部发现的最大的斑岩型矿床,波龙矿床发育两期花岗闪长斑岩和一期花岗斑岩,两期花岗闪长斑岩是波龙矿床的成矿斑岩。本文开展了波龙矿床三期斑岩锆石U-Pb年龄、全岩岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成分析。锆石U-Pb测年结果显示,三期斑岩在120Ma集中侵位。两期花岗闪长斑岩均富集轻稀土、大离子亲石元素,亏损重稀土、高场强元素,Eu异常不明显,显示出岛弧岩浆岩的特征;两期花岗闪长斑岩的(87Sr/86Sr)i值分别为0.70562－0.70711和0.70567－0.70850,εNd(t)分别为-4.0－-3.1和-8.0－-2.4,εHf(t)值分别变化于2.5－6.9和3.3－6.9,表明两期花岗闪长斑岩起源于新生的下地壳;花岗斑岩也具有岛弧岩浆岩的岩石化学特征,但其具有较高εNd(t)值(-0.7－-0.2)和εHf(t)值(1.3－12.2),可能表明花岗斑岩也起源于下地壳,但有更多幔源物质混入。波龙斑岩铜金矿床形成于班公湖－怒江洋壳向北俯冲末期,其成岩－成矿可能与洋壳俯冲关系密切,但波龙矿床的三期斑岩均起源于新生的下地壳,可能表明在120Ma南羌塘地块南缘开始逐步加厚。     

西藏多龙矿集区岩浆岩成因与成矿作用关系研究

西藏多龙矿集区(包括多不杂、波龙、拿若和铁格隆南(荣那)四个大型-超大型斑岩型-浅成低温热液型铜金矿床)位于班公湖-怒江缝合带西段,目前已探明铜的资源量超过1600万吨,金大于200吨。班公湖-怒江缝合带的找矿勘查工作现在正处于起步阶段,本文以多龙矿集区为例,系统讨论了该矿集区与成矿作用相关的岩浆岩的成因、成岩与成矿作用的相互关系并初步提出了针对该缝合带斑岩铜金矿床的找矿勘查步骤和标志。全岩地球化学、Sr-Nd-Hf同位素、造岩矿物化学成分等实验结果表明多龙地区与成矿作用相关的岩浆岩形成于壳幔混合作用并伴有俯冲沉积物的加入,岩浆在演化过程中还经历了一定程度的结晶分异作用和基性岩浆的注入并最终侵位至地壳浅部或喷发出地表。研究表明成矿物质主要来自于地幔源区,随后金属元素在富水(≥4%H_2O)和较高氧逸度(ΔNNO0.5)的岩浆环境下运移至地壳上部(距地表2.5~7.5km)岩浆房中,由于成矿物质(Cu、Au和H_2O)在中酸性岩浆中的溶解度随温度压力降低而降低,因此侵位较浅的岩浆房更容易发生含矿流体的出溶并最终形成斑岩铜金矿。研究提出班公湖-怒江缝合带斑岩型铜金矿的找矿勘查工作可按以下步骤和找矿标志来进行:(1)通过Nd、Hf同位素填图确认地幔组分相对较多的侵入岩分布区为成矿远景区,该区域岩石学特征可能表现为暗色包体(MMEs)大量发育;(2)通过角闪石、锆石等矿物开展氧逸度填图进一步圈定重点找矿勘查区,岩浆岩中角闪石的发育往往预示着较好的成矿潜力;(3)在重点找矿勘查区内通过岩浆磁铁矿中V、Ti含量对斑岩体的含矿性进行快速判定,具有较低V、Ti含量的斑岩体通常为含矿性较好的斑岩体。此外,富水(角闪石发育)、含矿质(黄铜矿呈他形晶粒状产出)、侵位浅(气相包裹体与多相包裹体共同产出)、并有蚀变矿物(次生黑云母、绿泥石)发育的中酸性岩体也可指示较好的成矿潜力。     

藏北多龙矿集区荣那斑岩铜矿找矿突破的实践

荣那铜矿是中铝矿产资源有限公司近年在斑岩型铜矿找矿方面取得的一项重大突破。矿床产于班公湖—怒江缝合带北侧岛弧带中。公司在找矿初期重视基础地质研究,加强对地调和矿调成果的二次解剖,借鉴国内外斑岩铜矿区域分布规律,结合1∶5万磁法异常,明确多龙矿集区重点找矿方向;根据前期勘查成果,结合1∶5万水系沉积物测量成果,确定荣那、拿若为重点验证区。通过总结国外斑岩铜矿蚀变模式、矿化模式和勘查模式,选择有效的激电勘查方法圈定重点验证地段。结合隐伏斑岩体系矿化中心为中低阻、负磁异常、中等极化率,外围发育黄铁矿化壳形成近似环状中高阻、正磁异常、中高极化率异常,最终确定外围正磁、中高极化环形异常系荣那矿床与青磐岩化带有关的黄铁矿化壳引起,负磁、中等极化率异常为矿化中心部位,通过选择合理网度进行钻探验证实现找矿突破。荣那矿床勘查过程中的理论思考,区域-矿田物化探异常的综合分析、有效方法的投入和验证工程的部署充分体现了科学研究与生产的有机结合。     

Sulfur isotopic zonation in the Cadia district,southeastern Australia: exploration significance and implications for the genesis of alkalic porphyry gold–copper deposits

The alkalic porphyry gold–copper deposits of the Cadia district occur in the eastern Lachlan Fold Belt of New South Wales, Australia. The district comprises four porphyry deposits (Ridgeway, Cadia Quarry, Cadia Hill, and Cadia East) and two iron–copper–gold skarn deposits (Big Cadia and Little Cadia). Almost 1,000 tonnes of contained gold and more than four million tonnes of copper have been discovered in these systems, making Cadia the world’s largest known alkalic porphyry district, in terms of contained gold. Porphyry gold–copper ore at Cadia is associated with quartz monzonite intrusive complexes, and is hosted by central stockwork and sheeted quartz–sulfide–(carbonate) vein systems. The Cadia porphyry deposits are characterized by cores of potassic and/or calc–potassic alteration assemblages, and peripheral halos of propylitic alteration, with late-stage phyllic alteration mostly restricted to fault zones. Hematite dusting is an important component of the propylitic alteration assemblage, and has produced a distinctive reddening of feldspar minerals in the volcanic wall rocks around the mineralized centers. Sulfide mineralization is strongly zoned at Ridgeway and Cadia East, with bornite-rich cores surrounded by chalcopyrite-rich halos and peripheral zones of pyrite mineralization. The Cadia Hill and Cadia Quarry deposits have chalcopyrite-rich cores and pyrite-rich halos, and Cadia Hill contains a high-level bornite-rich zone. Distinctive sulfur isotopic zonation patterns have been identified at Ridgeway, Cadia Hill, and Cadia East. The deposit cores are characterized by low δ³⁴S_sulfide values (−10 to −4‰), consistent with sulfide precipitation from an oxidized (sulfate-predominant) magmatic fluid at 450 to 400°C. Pyrite grains that occur in the propylitic alteration halos typically have δ³⁴S_sulfide values near 0‰. There is a gradual increase in δ³⁴S_sulfide values outwards from the deposit cores through the propylitic halos. Water–rock interaction during propylitic alteration caused magmatic sulfate reduction and concomitant oxidation of ferrous iron-bearing minerals, resulting in enrichment of ³⁴S in pyrite and also producing the distinctive reddened, hematite-rich alteration halos to the Cadia deposits. These results show that sulfur isotope analyses have potential applications in the exploration of alkalic porphyry-style deposits, with zones of depleted δ³⁴S_sulfide values most prospective for high-grade mineralization.     

勘查指数及其在黑龙江多宝山地区斑岩铜矿勘查中的应用

详细地介绍了一个综合运用遥感、地质、物探、化探等地学信息进行区域性矿产资源勘查与预测的数学模型.模型中在对各类地学信息进行有益的变换、提取的基础上,借助概率论中广义二项分布函数对其进行综合处理与分析.该模型的输出结果不仅为区域性矿产预测提供定量分析数据,而且还是一种寻找与已知矿床具有类似地质条件和地球物理及地球化学环境的有效方法.     

秦岭岩群（杂岩）中侵入体的年代学、地球化学特征及其对古生代构造运动的启示

秦岭岩群（杂岩）是北秦岭构造带主要的构造岩石单元之一,对研究华北板块和扬子板块之间的构造演化具有重要意义。本文对秦岭岩群杂岩中的4个侵入体（包括片麻状变辉长岩、糜棱岩化花岗岩、片麻状石英闪长岩和片麻状花岗岩）进行了地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Lu-Hf同位素分析,以探讨北秦岭在古生代的岩浆作用。结果表明4个样品富集LREE,亏损HREE;片麻状变辉长岩的锆石年龄集中在481Ma~471Ma,糜棱岩化花岗岩锆石年龄具有486Ma的强峰,代表早古生代岩浆热事件;片麻状石英闪长岩和片麻状花岗岩的锆石年龄分别在417Ma~384Ma之间和400Ma~388Ma之间,代表秦岭岩群（杂岩）在晚古生代早期经历的岩浆活动事件。片麻状变辉长岩的εHf(t)值在-5.64~-3.32之间,代表其原岩来自古老地壳;片麻状石英闪长岩和片麻状花岗岩的εHf(t)值均为正值,分别在7.62~11.84和7.50~10.70之间变化,表明其原岩来自亏损地幔。     

西藏多龙尕尔勤——一个遭受过剥蚀的浅成低温热液金矿床

西藏具有形成巨型斑岩铜成矿系统的地质背景。浅成低温热液型金矿常发育于斑岩铜成矿系统上部,极具经济价值,但由于形成深度较浅,易于剥蚀,目前西藏地区尚未发现独立的浅成低温热液型金矿床。多龙超大型铜金矿集区位于西藏班公湖-怒江成矿带西段,产出有大型-超大型斑岩-浅成低温热液型铜金矿床,而是否存在独立的浅成低温热液型金矿,既是重大科学问题,也是勘查的重点方向。文章运用超景深高分辨数码显微镜、扫描电镜及电子探针等手段,系统研究了多龙矿集区尕尔勤矿区内的残坡积物和外围水系沉积物中746颗砂金的大小、形貌、核部元素及不透明矿物包体特征,发现尕尔勤矿区内广泛分布的砂金不是表生环境下生物化学或化学成因金,而是尕尔勤产出的金矿(化)体剥蚀的产物。砂金普遍含有较高的w(Bi)、极低的w(Cu),部分含有高的w(Hg)、w(Te);砂金w(Ag)变化较大（0.05%～40.21%）;金成色变化范围较大（588～999）;砂金富含Bi-Pb-Te-S系列矿物包体等,显示尕尔勤矿区可能存在一个遭受过剥蚀的浅成低温热液金矿床。     

Multi-metal soil geochemistry: A tool for identification and exploration of porphyry copper deposits: Two examples from Peru

Two porphyry copper-type mineral occurrences were prospected using multi-element soil geochemistry with the purpose of their selection, identification and evaluation and in order to outline a drill target.The two occurrences are located in very different climatic zones: one in the north of Peru at an altitude of 2500 m, in moderate but humid climatic conditions; the other in a warm desert area at an altitude of 1500–1800 m.For each soil sample, Cu, Mo, Pb, Zn, Au, Mn, Fe, and K were determined. In both cases, the values were not significantly influenced by weathering processes except for Cu, which showed high mobility in desert conditions.A system of concentric zoning with Cu, Mo, Au, and K in the center and Pb, Zn, Mn, and Fe forming the outer zone, together with field observations enabled us: (1) to confirm the existence of a zoned hydrothermal system, indicating porphyry copper-type mineralization; (2) to outline a target area for drilling more easily than by using only soil Cu values, which are often unreliable due to the high mobility of the metal; and (3) to follow the migration of elements like Mn, Zn, Fe, and Pb as a result of hydrothermal alteration.     

西藏雄梅铜矿区含矿斑岩与非含矿斑岩成因对比研究

西藏雄梅铜矿床是近年来在班公湖_怒江成矿带中段新发现的一处斑岩铜矿床,该矿床的发现使得班公湖_怒江成矿带真正具备了"带"的概念,大大地拓宽了找矿远景。文章通过对雄梅铜矿区斑岩体的LA_ICP_MS锆石U_Pb定年,发现矿区存在2套斑岩:一套是前人测定的年龄为106.7 Ma的含矿斑岩;另一套是本文测定的非含矿斑岩,3个年龄分别是(121.8±2.3)Ma(MSWD=0.32)、(122.8±2.1)Ma(MSWD=1.16)、(121.5±2.5)Ma(MSWD=0.54)。两套斑岩的岩性虽然都是花岗闪长斑岩,但非含矿斑岩比含矿斑岩含有更多的钾长石,矿化强度大大减弱。岩石地球化学分析结果表明,两套斑岩虽然都富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)Rb、Ba、Th、U、K、Pb,亏损高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、Ta、Ti,具有碰撞后岩浆作用的共同特征,但在岩浆源区和成因上显示出明显的差异。含矿斑岩和非含矿斑岩均属于强过铝质S型花岗岩,然而前者源区组成为杂砂岩,后者源区则以泥质岩为主。岩浆分异过程中,含矿斑岩受斜长石和钾长石的分离结晶控制,非含矿斑岩则受钾长石和黑云母的分离结晶控制。     

The geochemistry of gossans associated with Sarcheshmeh porphyry copper deposit,Rafsanjan, Kerman,Iran: Implications for exploration and the environment

The Sarcheshmeh copper deposit is one of the world's largest Oligo-Miocene porphyry copper deposits in a continental arc setting with a well developed supergene sulfide zone, covered mainly by a hematitic gossan. Supergene oxidation and leaching, have developed a chalcocite enrichment blanket averaging 1.99% Cu, more than twice that of hypogene zone (0.89% Cu). The mature gossans overlying the Sarcheshmeh porphyry copper ores contain abundant hematite with variable amounts of goethite and jarosite, whereas immature gossans consist of iron-oxides, malachite, azurite and chrysocolla. In mature gossans, Au, Mo and Ag give significant anomalies much higher than the background concentrations. However, Cu has been leached in mature gossans and gives values close or even less than the normal or crustal content (< 36.7 ppm). Immature gossans are enriched in Cu (160.3 ppm), Zn (826.7 ppm), and Pb (88.6 ppm). Jarosite- and goethite-bearing gossans may have developed over the pyritic shell of most Iranian porphyry copper deposits with pyrite–chalcopyrite ratios greater than 10 and therefore, do not necessarily indicate a promising sulfide-enriched ore (Kader and Ijo). Hematite-bearing gossans overlying nonreactive alteration halos with pyrite–chalcopyrite ratios about 1.5 and quartz stringers have significant supergene sulfide ores (Sarcheshmeh and Miduk). The copper grade in supergene sulfide zone of Sarcheshmeh copper deposit ranges from 0.78% in propylitized rocks to 3.4% in sericitized volcanic rocks, corresponding to the increasing chalcopyrite–pyrite or chalcocite–pyrite ratios from 0.3 to 3, respectively. Immature gossans with dominant malachite and chrysocolla associated with jarosite and goethite give the most weakly developed enrichment zone, as at God-e-Kolvari. The average anomalous values of Au (59.6 ppb), Mo (42.5 ppm) and Ag (2.6 ppm) in mature gossans associated with the Sarcheshmeh copper mine may be a criterion that provides a significant exploration target for regional metallogenic blind porphyry ore districts in central Iranian volcano–plutonic continental arc settings. Drilling for new porphyry ores should be targeted where hematitic gossans are well developed. The ongoing gossan formation may result in natural acidic rock drainage (ARD).     

西藏厅宫矿区始新世斑岩的厘定及其地质意义

厅宫铜矿的勘查工作一直是围绕英云闪长斑岩、斑状二长花岗岩等几套斑岩进行的,而未对这几期岩浆岩的年代及成因做过详细评价,并且一直认为这几套斑岩为中新世岩浆岩.笔者通过研究,发现在矿区大面积出露的斑状二长花岗岩并非中新世岩浆岩,而是始新世岩浆岩[(48.88±0.53) Ma],为冈底斯岩基的重要组成部分.文章通过精确的SIMS锆石微区O同位素和LA-MC-ICPMS锆石Hf同位素分析,获得斑状二长花岗岩锆石εHf(t)值变化于4.4～8.4之间,δ18O值变化于5.81‰～6.62‰之间,显示出亏损的地球化学特征,表明该岩体可能起源于新生地壳的部分熔融或者楔形地幔部分熔融形成的岩浆发生分异结晶后的产物.通过对比研究还发现,厅宫矿区岩浆岩组合特征与矿集区内冲江、白容及岗讲矿床类似.因此,在进行找矿勘查工作部署时,应充分考虑这套斑状二长花岗岩与矿化的关系,对缩小勘查范围具有重要的现实意义.     

Pliocene lahar deposits in the Coastal Cordillera of central Chile: Implications for uplift, avalanche deposits, and porphyry copper systems in the Main Andean Cordillera

Lahar deposits occur within a shallow marine sedimentary succession of the Pliocene La Cueva Formation in the Coastal Cordillera of central Chile (33°40′–34°15′S). Provenance studies of the abundant volcanic material in the lahar deposits suggest that they derive from denudation by mass wasting of Oligocene–Miocene volcanic rocks on the western slopes of the Main Andean Cordillera at the same latitude. Pliocene rock debris deposits preserved in the region of El Teniente (34°S) and scattered along the westernmost part of the Andes of central Chile indicate catastrophic erosive events related to the rapid uplift of the cordilleran block. This rock debris was deposited by avalanches and transformed further downslope into lahars by dilution with stream water. Lahars were channeled along the ancient drainage system that reached a shallow Pliocene sea at the site of the present Coastal Cordillera. The exceedingly rapid exhumation of active porphyry systems during the Early Pliocene in this part of the Andes may have played a role in affecting hydrothermal processes, brecciation, and diatreme formation at the porphyry systems of El Teniente and Río Blanco–Los Bronces.     

西藏青草山斑岩铜金矿含矿斑岩锆石U-Pb年代学、微量元素地球化学及地质意义

西藏青草山斑岩铜金矿是班公湖-怒江缝合带北侧、羌塘地块南缘新发现的具有超大型远景的斑岩型铜金矿床。本文首次对青草山含矿花岗岩闪长斑岩的锆石进行了 LA-ICPMS U-Pb年代学和微量元素地球化学研究,通过对含矿斑岩中锆石的13个点的U-Pb定年,得出锆石²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄为114.60±1.20Ma (MSWD=1.07),此年龄与同样分布于该带上的多不杂斑岩铜矿含矿斑岩成岩年龄、波龙斑岩铜矿成矿年龄基本一致。应用锆石Ti温度计,计算出含矿斑岩中绝大部分锆石的结晶温度小于700℃,如此低的结晶温度指示含矿斑岩岩浆来源于水近饱和条件下发生的部分熔融。通过对锆石微量元素的详细研究,得出青草山含矿斑岩形成于活动大陆边缘的陆缘弧环境,这与前人研究得出的多不杂斑岩铜矿的形成构造背景一致。相近的成岩成矿年龄和一致的形成构造背景揭示以多不杂、青草山、波龙斑岩铜(金)矿床为主要组成的班公湖-怒江斑岩铜矿带的客观存在。依据青草山斑岩铜金矿和多不杂斑岩铜矿的含矿斑岩和同期火山岩的地球化学特征,并结合已有弧环境斑岩铜矿的经典成矿模型,本文提出班公湖-怒江斑岩铜矿带形成的动力学机制,即在早白垩世,班公湖-怒江洋壳向北俯冲,大洋板片向下俯冲到一定深度时,发生大规模脱水作用,释放的流体交代上覆地幔楔,诱发其部分熔融,产生的富含成矿物质的岩浆向上运移,在浅部地壳发育成与成矿相关的岩浆房,部分岩浆上升直接喷出地表,形成下白垩统美日切错组火山岩,部分浅成-超浅成侵位成斑岩体及斑岩型矿床,随着岩浆的多点多期次侵位,最终形成班公湖-怒江斑岩铜矿带。     

西环太平洋菲律宾群岛中酸性岩浆活动与斑岩型铜金成矿：兼论埃达克岩与斑岩型铜金成矿

以菲律宾岛弧构造岩浆作用和斑岩型铜金成矿作用为例,以与板块俯冲相关的深部物质循环和斑岩型铜金成矿为研究对象,综述了铜金在弧岩浆中复杂的地球化学过程和行为。通过对中酸性岩浆活动与区域斑岩铜金成矿响应进行系统综述,根据以往对菲律宾群岛中新生代岛弧岩浆岩和斑岩型铜金成矿开展的地质-地球化学研究,提出有利于成矿的地球化学指标,探讨了西环太平洋菲律宾群岛中酸性岩浆活动对区域铜金等多金属矿床的贡献,总结区域成矿规律,建立成矿动力学模式。通过研究菲律宾群岛周缘中新生代板块俯冲洋壳重熔岩浆作用及矿床形成机理,进一步揭示板块俯冲过程中以流体为纽带的物质和能量交换及斑岩型铜金成矿效应。     

秦岭杂岩中侵入体的地球化学及年代学特征

正秦岭造山带由华北板块和扬子板块及其间的微板块经过多期次不同构造运动叠加复合形成,是我国中央造山带的重要组成部分,其形成和演化过程记录了华北板块和扬子板块元古代俯冲消减、古生代弧-陆碰撞和早中生代的陆内造山运动的重要信息(Meng Qingren et al., 2000)。秦岭杂岩(原秦岭岩群)作为秦岭造山带最古老的前寒武纪结晶基底,是研究秦岭造山带构造演化的重要窗口。前人对侵入其中的小型岩体、岩脉研究较少。本次研究     

Progress in porphyry copper exploration from the Gangdise belt, Tibet, China

Recent mineral exploration in the Gangdise porphyry copper deposit belt, an important component of the Himalaya-Tethyan metallogenic belt, has led to the discovery of a number of deposits, as exemplified by the world-class Miocene Qulong porphyry Cu deposit. This paper reviews major advances in the studies of ore genesis and metallogenic regularity and progresses in mineral exploration of porphyry Cu deposits in the belt. Existing problems and suggestion for future exploration also are given.     

西藏斑岩铜矿的前景展望

世界斑岩铜矿主要产于中生代一新生代环太平洋带、古特提斯带和古生代中亚—蒙古带，因为上述3带为聚合板块集中分布地区。中国西藏集中了金沙江聚合带、雅鲁藏布江聚合带和怒江—班公错聚合带，为世界上聚合板块最发育地区之一，具有较长的大洋板块俯冲和陆—陆碰撞的造山历史，构造—花岗质岩浆十分发育，其中深源高侵位的花岗质斑岩分布广泛，对于形成斑岩铜矿和其他相关矿床十分有利，为找矿评价斑岩铜(金)矿很有前景的地区。笔者借鉴世界和中国评价斑岩铜矿的经验，同时收集了西藏近年来找寻评价斑岩铜矿有关的地质资料，对西藏斑岩铜矿的前景进行了展望。     

西藏多龙矿集区波龙斑岩铜矿床蚀变与脉体系统

波龙铜矿床是多龙矿集区继多不杂斑岩铜矿床后发现的又一大型斑岩铜矿床.文章在详细的野外地质编录及室内镜下鉴定基础上,对波龙斑岩矿床蚀变与脉体系统进行系统梳理.结果表明,波龙矿床发育明显的蚀变分带,从深部(或核部)往浅部(或外侧)具有钾化带→黄铁绢英岩化带→泥化叠加黄铁绢英岩化带→角岩化带(或外侧的青磐岩化带)的蚀变分带特征.共识别出M、A、B、D4种脉体类型,以A、B脉最为发育.与成矿关系密切的主要为钾化带、黄铁绢英岩化带及A、B脉.与国内外典型斑岩矿床蚀变特征相比,波龙矿床蚀变特征总体与“二长岩”模式相似,特征矿物组合与阿根廷Bajo de la Alumbrera矿床,国内驱龙铜矿、多不杂铜矿等都具有相似之处.但波龙矿床从钾化带至黄铁绢英岩化带都大量发育的稀疏-稠密浸染状及脉状磁铁矿是该矿床的独有特色.     

西藏多龙矿集区尕尔勤斑岩铜矿床年代学及地球化学——兼论硅帽的识别与可能的浅成低温热液矿床

尕尔勤斑岩铜矿床是多龙超大型铜金矿集区内具有较大找矿潜力的矿床之一。本文以尕尔勤斑岩铜矿区内成矿花岗闪长斑岩及新发现的硅帽为研究对象,进行了矿床年代学、地球化学及找矿方向研究工作。尕尔勤矿床花岗闪长斑岩SiO_2含量在60.01%~62.81%之间,K_2O含量在1.86%~2.16%之间,Al_2O_3含量在15.12%~16.51%之间,属于钙碱性岩石系列。斑岩体锆石U-Pb年龄为124.4±0.4Ma(MSWD=0.42,n=25),属于早白垩世侵位;锆石εHf(t)值主要集中于1.15~9.71之间,tDMc模式年龄主要集中于559~1105Ma之间,表明岩浆岩区起源于具有幔源特征的深成熔体,而个别负εHf(t)值(-18.65,-19.75)的出现表明其受到了古老成熟地壳的轻微混染。斑岩体稀土元素显示为重稀土亏损的右倾分布型式,在原始地幔标准化图解中微量元素显示为Rb、Th、U、Sr等大离子亲石元素相对富集,而Nb、Ta、Ti、P、Zr等高场强元素相对亏损特征,体现出岛弧岩浆特有的地球化学特征,综合研究表明矿床形成与班公湖-怒江洋北向俯冲密切相关。硅帽中角砾状样品与层纹状(致密块状)样品地球化学特征具有明显区别,发育较少的层纹状硅帽样品可能为热水沉积与生物化学沉积共同作用形成的硅质岩,而大量存在的角砾状硅帽体现出明显热液充填交代成因特点,经地球化学剖面测量显示硅帽展布区域Cu、Au、Ag、Pb、Zn、As、Sb等成矿指示元素异常明显,结合高光谱矿物识别表明该区域存在浅成低温热液型矿床的巨大可能性,具有重要的勘查指示意义。