对地下水中16种特定多环芳烃的高效液相色谱法检测方法的研究

利用正己烷液-液萃取提取地下水中的16种特定多环芳烃,提取液经旋转蒸发浓缩、氮吹浓缩,采用乙腈换相定容。采用荧光检测器和二极管阵列检测器串联的高效液相色谱法测定地下水中16种多环芳烃。通过上机条件的优化以及样品前处理等条件的优化,建立了分析方法。在较佳的实验条件下,方法检出限为1.00ng/L~10.0ng/L;方法精密度为1.86%~9.88%;样品加标回收率为85.8%~108%。     

黑水虻在水产饲料中的应用进展

总结黑水虻的生物特性、营养成分含量及其在水产饲料中的应用,简述黑水虻幼虫不同产品形式(干虫/虫粉、脱脂虫粉、虫油、鲜虫/虫浆)在草食性、杂食性、肉食性和甲壳动物饲料中的应用进展,阐述在水产动物饲料中适量添加黑水虻可提高所饲动物的生长性能,过量添加则引起动物发生病理性变化,综述在不同水生动物中黑水虻的最适添加量,提出黑水虻在产业化生产及水产饲料中的应用前景及问题。     

高效液相色谱法检测水产品中的孔雀石绿和结晶紫

样品中的孔雀石绿、结晶紫经试剂盒提取,浓缩后用经固相萃取柱净化、硼氢化钾还原、反向色谱柱分离,使用荧光检测器检测,孔雀石绿、结晶紫的加标回收率在76.1%～92.5%之间,相对标准偏差1.9%～5.8%,检出限均为0.5μg/kg。结果表明:该方法检测孔雀石绿(MG)、结晶紫(GV)处理简单,灵敏度高,节省时间,可用于大量样品的快速分析。     

DABS—C1柱前衍生高效液相色谱法测定对虾肌肉中18种游离氨基酸

建立一种以DABS-Cl为柱前衍生剂，利用反相高效液相色谱测定对虾肌肉中18种游离氨基酸的方法。结果表明，在50min内18种氨基酸得到完全分离，各氨基酸相关系数均大于0．997，氨基酸的回收率在86．60%-107．27％之间（胱氨酸除外），方法的检出限为0．18~o．66mg／L，相对标准偏差为3．53％-8．51％（天冬氨酸除外）。     

邻苯二甲醛柱前衍生高效液相色谱法测定马氏珠母贝中牛磺酸含量

应用邻苯二甲醛柱前衍生高效液相色谱法,测定了马氏珠母贝中牛磺酸,结果表明:采用邻苯二甲醛为柱前衍生剂,与原料中的牛磺酸发生衍生化反应后,以甲醇-乙酸钠溶液(体积比40︰60)为流动相,使用ODSC18分离柱,FLD检测器(EX=338nm,EM=444nm)等色谱条件下检测,牛磺酸的线性范围为2.0～14.0μg/mL,相关系数R2为0.9984,回收率为97.9%～103.0%,RSD=2.146%(n=6),检出限为0.77μg(S/N=3)。     

高效液相色谱法测定罗非鱼中孔雀石绿残留量的不确定度

依据JJF10591—2012《测量不确定度评定与表示》,分析高效液相色谱法测定罗非鱼中孔雀石绿残留量不确定度的来源,从影响不确定度的标准溶液配制us、样品前处理up和仪器测量uu等3个主要因素,对不确定度各个分量进行计算和合成,得出罗非鱼中孔雀石绿的扩展不确定度U=088（k=2）。     

HPLC指纹图谱技术用于市售刺参质量评价初探

以10批不同产地刺参HPLC指纹图谱中的6个共有峰为评价指标,结合相似度分析,对不同刺参质量进行评价和检验。结果表明:不同批次刺参样品的6个色谱峰在指纹图谱分析过程中色谱行为相同,峰面积大,特征性强,能反映刺参的固有化学特征。结合相似度分析,可用于刺参质量评价。     

DABS-Cl柱前衍生高效液相色谱法测定对虾肌肉中18种游离氨基酸

建立一种以DABS-Cl为柱前衍生剂,利用反相高效液相色谱测定对虾肌肉中18种游离氨基酸的方法。结果表明,在50 min内18种氨基酸得到完全分离,各氨基酸相关系数均大于0.997,氨基酸的回收率在86.60%~107.27%之间(胱氨酸除外),方法的检出限为0.18~0.66 mg/L,相对标准偏差为3.53%~8.51%(天冬氨酸除外)。     

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins （PCDDs） and dibenzofurans （PCDFs） in surface sediment and bivalve from the Changjiang Estuary, China

Surface sediments and bivalves were collected from the Changjiang Estuary in December 2003 and November 2004, respectively. Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in these samples were measured with high-resolution chromatography (HRGC)/High Resolution Mass Spectrometer (HRMS). The concentrations of total PCDD/Fs and toxic equivalent (TEQ) were 169.83±119.63 and 0.81±0.36 pg/g dry weight (dw) in sediments, and 580.33±240.17 and 7.24±3.65 pg/g dw in bivalves. The homolog compositions of PCDD/Fs were similar among samples, the most abundant congener was octa-chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD) and then octa-chlorinated dibenzofuran (OCDF) and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-hepta-chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (HpCDD). The herbicide pentachlorophenol (PCP) and sodium pentachlorophenol (Na-PCP) were proved the main source of PCDD/Fs in this area.     

苯扎溴铵复方消毒液在水产品加工厂的应用

用苯扎溴铵复方消毒液对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草杆菌黑色变种芽胞进行定量杀菌、现场模拟杀菌及金属腐蚀试验。结果表明 :含量为 0 .2、0 .4 g/L的苯扎溴铵复方消毒液分别对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌在消毒时间 1min以上有完全杀菌效果 ;含量为 0 5g/L的苯扎溴铵复方消毒液对枯草杆菌黑色变种芽胞在消毒 15min以上有完全杀菌效果 ;含量为 0 .2g /L的苯扎溴铵复方消毒液对水产品加工厂中生产人员的双手、手套和装虾的塑料筛上的大肠杆菌在消毒1min以上达到完全杀菌效果 ;苯扎溴铵复方消毒液对不锈钢、碳钢和铜无腐蚀 ,对铝只有轻微的腐蚀。     

Water Intake and Utilization in Mithun (Bos frontalis):Effect of Environmental Temperature, Rearing System and Concentrate Feed Supplement

Seasonal and sexual variations as well as the effect of dry feed supplement on total drinking water intake and its utilization were observed in mithun (Bos frontalis)-a semi-wild animal found in North Eastern Hill Region (NEHR) of India. In a completely randomized design, twelve adult mithuns (B. frontalis) as per their sex and body weight were assigned in two different rearing systems (free grazing and free grazing with dry concentrate feed supplementation), and ten growing male mithuns as per their body weight assigned in two different levels of dry concentrate feed supplementation (1.0 kg and 2.0 kg dry concentrate feeds on green forage based diet) and in two different seasons (summer and winter). It was observed that the environmental temperature had a significant effect on drinking water intake by mithuns. Drinking water consumption (per unit of body weight) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in summer than in winter. Supplementation of concentrate feed on free grazing animals resulted in increase in water consumption. Total water consumption (drinking as well as performed water) was found to be 15.18 litres per 100 kg body weight by growing mithun. Feed dry matter and digestible nutrient intakes by growing mithun were observed to be increased with the increase of supplementation of dry concentrate feed. Roughage to concentrate ratio did not affect the nutrient digestibility. Mithun calves drank an average of 4.30 litres water for each kg of dry matter intake. Metabolic water was significantly (P<0.01) increased with the increase of supplementation of concentrate feed whereas water turn over, which depends upon the body weight of the animals, did not differ significantly on offering of lower or higher level of dry feed. Faecal water loss of growing mithun was decreased with the increase in intake of concentrate feed and was estimated to be 33～46% of total water intake. Excretion of water through faeces of mithun was about 3.8% of body weight. It could, therefore, be inferred that water intake by mithun varied with seasons, rearing systems and dry feed consumption. As far as the water nutrition is concerned, it is needed to give an attention while feeding mithun in summer with dry feed supplementation under semi-intensive system of rearing.     

一种复方中草药饲料添加剂在红笛鲷网箱养殖中的应用

将黄芪、当归、甘草和山楂等粉碎后按一定比例配伍制成复方中草药饲料添加剂后,按质量分数0.5%、1.0%、1.5%和2.0%添加到基础饲料中,连续投喂红笛鲷(体重234.95±19.26 g,体长24.76±1.42 cm)56 d,研究复合中草药制剂对红笛鲷生长、成活、免疫和抗病力的影响。结果表明,基础饲料中添加本复方中草药饲料添加剂能够显著促进红笛鲷的生长,增强其血清中的抗菌活力和溶菌酶活力,提高红笛鲷成活率及其对溶藻弧菌的免疫保护率,其中以添加1.5%(质量分数)和连续饲喂28 d效果为最佳(P<0.01)。     

构建出口水产品技术性贸易壁垒防护体系的探讨——以广东为例

国外技术性贸易壁垒(TBT)已成为制约广东水产品出口的最大障碍。根据技术性贸易壁垒的概念和特点,提出针对国外技术性贸易壁垒,构建政府、行业协会和企业三位一体的应对与防护体系,并从制度、政策、人才和经费保证该体系的有效运行,发挥其在预警、示范和保护等方面的功能。     

Aquatic molluscs in high mountain lakes of the Eastern Alps (Austria): Species-environment relationships and specific colonization behaviour

Mountain lakes represent essential stages for aquatic species on their way colonizing habitats of more elevated regions. Despite extensive biological and chemical study, only little has been reported about the species number and density of freshwater molluscs in these waters. The article presented here elucidates the dispersal of aquatic gastropods and bivalves in 12 mountain lakes that are commonly situated in the Eastern Alps, Austria. Molluscs were recorded at 120 sample points, where a total of 13 species (8 gastropods and 5 bivalves) could be determined. Species distribution data as well as results from contemporarily conducted physico-chemical factor recording were subject to weighted average analysis. In addition, a global marginality coefficient indicating the particularity of a habitat inhabited by a focal species as well as a global tolerance coefficient expressing the width of a niche occupied by this species were computed. Species-environment relationships exhibited that species number and specific density decrease with increasing geographic altitude, declining water temperature, and decreasing amount of submerged vegetation. Whilst waters of the montane altitude level are partly charcterized by high number of mollusc species (> 10), lakes of the subalpine altitude level commonly bear 1 or 2 species with <<1 ind./m2. As proposed by the results of statistics, 9 of the 13 mollusc species are characterized by a pronounced behaviour as specialists with respect to most environmental factors. The four remaining species, Pisidium casertanum, Galba truncatula, Radix labiata, and Radix balthica, act as generalists which increases their pioneering role in the long-term occupation of the Central-alpine region.     

Feasibility of partial replacement of fishmeal with proteins from different sources in diets of Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli)

An 8-week feeding experiment was conducted in an indoor recirculation seawater system to investigate the effects of partial replacement of dietary fishmeal with proteins from five sources on the growth performance and feed utilization of Sebastes schlegeli. Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated using fishmeal (FM, the control) as sole protein source, or proteins from five sources including poultry by-product meal (PBM), meat and bone meal (MBM), soybean meal (SBM), cottonseed meal (CSM) and canola meal (CNM). Fifteen percent of the crude protein provided by fish meal was replaced, respectively. The results showed that the differences in specific growth rate (SGR) and survival rate (SR) among fish fed PBM, MBM, SBM, CSM and whole FM diets were not significant. However, SGR and SR of fish fed CNM diet was significantly lower than that of other treatments. Feeding rate, feed conversion, nutrient retention showed similar patterns to that of growth. Fish fed CSM and CNM showed significantly lower apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of dry matter and gross energy than those fed others while fish fed CNM showed lower ADC of crude protein than those fed others (P<0.05). These results suggested that it was feasible to substitute 15% dietary protein provided by fishmeal with PBM, MBM, SBM and CSM, respectively, but not with CNM as the replacement with CNM reduced fish growth and feed utilization.