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苏北盆地金湖凹陷西斜坡构造特征及构造演化

基于苏北盆地金湖凹陷的地质及地球物理资料,根据区域构造演化背景和剖面,描述了该凹陷的构造特征,讨论了该凹陷西斜坡构造演化阶段,并探讨了其构造演化特征.结果表明:金湖凹陷西斜坡地区断裂构造发育,大部分断层弧形弯曲,断层以小级别断层为主,断层组合以拉张型为主,断块圈闭发育;西斜坡在新生代期间的构造演化可划分为斜坡发育阶段(古新世阜宁期)、差异抬升阶段(始新世戴南期—三垛期)、逆冲褶断阶段(始新世三垛期末)、构造稳定阶段(新近纪和第四纪)等4个阶段;新生代构造活动强弱交替,断层活动差异性明显,古新世阜宁期和始新世三垛期断层活动规模和活动强度较大,新生代整体持续西抬东降,有利于聚集来自斜坡东部深部凹陷的油气形成油气藏.     

基于多源遥感数据的断裂构造提取方法研究——以南水北调中线工程核心水源区为例

以南水北调中线工程核心水源区为例,利用中、高分辨率光学影像、雷达影像和数字高程模型等多源遥感数据,开展断裂构造提取方法研究。综合利用多源遥感数据的对地穿透能力、光谱信息和空间几何信息,进行图像增强、融合处理和三维地形分析,突出目标区断裂构造的影像标志。通过多源遥感解译,结合现场调查验证,初步查明目标区内3条主要断裂的几何展布信息,为该区的活断层探测和地震危险性评价提供参考。     

新疆博州地区地震地质特征

根据前人研究资料、遥感影像解译资料以及野外地质调查,研究新疆博州地区的地震地质环境特征,用确定性地震构造法探讨了该区未来的地震活动趋势。研究表明,新疆博州地区的地震地质环境与南天山和北天山东段紧邻地区具有一定的相似性和可比性,同属北天山地震带,具有发生强震的地震地质条件。     

歧口凹陷板桥斜坡区新生代断裂特征及油气地质意义

歧口凹陷发育多类型斜坡构造,为地层岩性油气藏主要富集区。板桥斜坡为歧口凹陷西缘受边界断裂控制的旋转掀斜型斜坡,斜坡内断裂特征复杂。在钻井及高分辨地震三维解释基础上,对板桥斜坡区内断裂特征进行分析,并探讨其油气地质意义。研究表明,板桥斜坡内部发育3组不同类型的断裂系,其组合类型、变形特征及成因机制具有显著差异。西侧的大张坨平行断裂系受控于差异伸展作用,缓岸带一侧发育一组平行排列的张性断裂,断裂走向与斜坡倾向垂直,形成断鼻背景上的单一斜坡构造;东侧的长芦羽状断裂系及高沙岭帚状断裂系形成受伸展走滑作用共同控制,断裂走向与地层倾向平行,形成顺向复杂断裂斜坡构造。斜坡区演化经历了初始裂陷期-旋转掀斜期-坳陷沉降期3个阶段,控制了斜坡区古地貌特征、沉积体系类型及砂体展布。断裂活动特征的差异则控制了油气运聚特征的不同,早衰型断裂易于油气短距离运移在中深部富集成藏,继承型断裂两侧具多目的层立体含油的特征。      

Land use and land cover change on slope in Qiandongnan prefecture of Southwest China

This study uses DEM(Digital Elevation Model) data and remote sensing maps of the study area in 1993, 1999, and 2009 to analyze the slope gradient change of land use patterns in Qiandongnan Prefecture, Guizhou province, China. The land use data were classified into five types, forest, farmland, grassland, water and built-up, the slope gradients were divided into four grades. Indices for analyzing land use features were defined by their proportions, transformation matrixes, land use degree and changes.The results showed that all land use types can be found at every gradient. Generally, with the slope degree increased, the area of forest being augmented as well, while the area of the other land use types(farmland, grassland and build-up) declined. Moreover, a mass of farmland were shifted from other land use types from 0° to 25°, while a quantity of forest were transformed from the other land use types on 25° from 1993 to 2009. In terms of land use degree and changes, the area of farmland and buildup land use types decreased when slope degree increased. Finally, we calculated the five landscape pattern metrics: Patch Density(PD) value, Largest Patch Index(LPI), Shannon's Diversity Index(SHDI), Area-Weighted Mean Shape Index(AWMSI) and Contagion Index(CONTAG). The results of metricsanalysis showed that PD values, SHDI values and CONTA values had a similar variation trend, that is, they decreased when slope degree increased. There was no obvious variation trend on LPI value.     

Landslide distribution and sliding mode control along the Anninghe fault zone at the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau

Tibetan Plateau is known as the roof of the world. Due to the continuous uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, many active fault zones are present. These active fault zones such as the Anninghe fault zone have a significant influence on the formation of special geomorphology and the distribution of geological hazards at the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. The Anninghe fault zone is a key part of the Y-shaped fault pattern in the Sichuan-Yunnan block of China. In this paper, high-resolution topographic data, multitemporal remote sensing images, numerical calculations, seismic records, and comprehensive field investigations were employed to study the landslide distribution along the active part of the Anninghe. The influence of active faults on the lithology, rock mass structures and slope stress fields were also studied. The results show that the faults within the Anninghe fault zone have damaged the structure and integrity of the slope rock mass, reduced the mechanical strength of the rock mass and controlled the slope failure modes. The faults have also controlled the stress field, the distribution of the plastic strain zone and the maximum shear strain zone of the slope, thus have promoted the formation and evolution of landslides. We find that the studied landslides are linearly distributed along the Anninghe fault zone, and more than 80% of these landslides are within 2-3 km of the fault rupture zone. Moreover, the Anninghe fault zone provides abundant substance for landslides or debris flows. This paper presents four types of sliding mode control of the Anninghe fault zone, e.g., constituting the whole landslide body, controlling the lateral boundary of the landslide, controlling the crown of the landslide, and constituting the toe of the landslide. The results presented merit close attention as a valuable reference source for local infrastructure planning and engineering projects.     

CBERS-1林被信息挖掘的GIS多元分析

本文论述了基于知识的CBERS-1 CCD图像分割的波段优化组合方案.以及组合运算生成非线性波段比图像和筛选分析与应用。同时运用地学多元分析原理探讨了影响森林植被中灌木林、灌丛等类型影像特征的地形、地质岩性、成土母质等因素。讨论了基于地理信息系统(GIS)及其背景数据库,通过分类重编码的分析处理,以及与地学信息的融合挖掘分析,利用建模工具二次开发模型,分层提取和人机交互系统综合分析与制图,取得理想的效果。     

Landslide susceptibility assessment using the certainty factor and analytic hierarchy process

A new approach combining the certainty factor (CF) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methods was proposed to assess landslide susceptibility in the Ziyang district, which is situated in the Qin-Ba Mountain region, China. Landslide inventory data were collected based on field investigations and remote sensing interpretations. A total of 791 landslides were identified. A total of 633 landslides were randomly selected from this data set as the training set, and the remaining landslides were used for validation as the test set. Nine factors, including the slope angle, slope aspect, slope curvature, lithology, distance to faults, distance to streams, precipitation, road network intensity degree and land use were chosen as the landslide causal factors for further susceptibility assessment. The weight of each factor and its subclass were calculated by AHP and CF methods. Landslide susceptibility was compared between the bivariate statistical method and the proposed CF-AHP method. The results indicate that the distance to streams, distance to faults and lithology are the most dominant causal factors associated with landslides. The susceptibility zonation was categorized into five classes of landslide susceptibility, i.e., very high, high, moderate, low and very low level. Lastly, the relative operating characteristics (ROC) curve was used to validate the accuracy of the new approach, and the result showed a satisfactory prediction rate of 78.3%, compared to 69.2% obtained with the landslide susceptibility index method. The results indicate that the CF-AHP combined method is more appropriate for assessing the landslide susceptibility in this area.     

东南亚断裂构造的演化

本研究项目是采用诸如地质学解释、影像判读和地球物理探测等多种方法相结合进行的。在所得结果的基础上参考了越南国内外同行的一些资料编制了东南亚、越南及邻区的断裂构造图．其比例尺分别为1：4百万和1：1百万。分析所得结果显示出东南亚断裂构造演化的下列情况：1)在现今地质结构方面东南亚是欧亚岩石圈板块的东南部分．由一条消减带围绕．这条消减带的伸展从Myanmer开始,通过Nicobar,Java Timor直到东菲律宾。东南亚被Song Hong(即红河)断裂,Three Pagodas断裂和Hainam-Natuna断裂等2级断裂系统分成3个微板块。2)在早新生代．东南亚是分为5个微板块的。它们的分界断裂中有2个一级断裂(中央东海扩张带和Lupar-Kuching消减带)和3个二级断裂(即上述3个)。3)上述绝大多数二和三级断裂从晚新生代起活化且继承了从早新生代即已发生和发展了的二、三级断裂,但在某些条件下．运动方向却完全变成了相反,尤其是走滑运动的方向。我们的研究结果表明：在这一地区内,盆地、隆起、岩浆侵入、褶皱和局部断裂等构造的形成都取决于这些沿着一、二级走滑断裂的微板块运动。