ON THE EVOLUTION OF FILAMENTS

A statistical large-scale study of filaments has revealed the existence of a functional dependence of the length of filaments (the angular distance between the ends of a filament, measured on a great circle on a sphere) on their inclination to lines of solar latitude. A cluster analysis method has been applied to the study of filament evolution and an evolutionary classification of filaments is proposed. The results depend on the differential velocity of filaments. Different types of evolution sequences were obtained, and the evolution of some particular filaments was specially analyzed.     

近地小行星轨道演化的研究

本文主要阐述了近年来我们在近地小行星轨道演化研究所获得的一些基本结果,即合理的力学模型和相应的有效算法,并以实际预报算例与有关权威性的结果作了比较,证实这些研究结果确实是可信的。     

共振在近地小行星轨道演化中的作用

本文采用了合理的力学模型和可靠的计算方法,研究了近地小行星轨道运动,揭示了共振（轨道共振和长期共振）在其轨道演化中的作用,并初步探讨了近地小行星的起源问题。     

近地小行星轨道演化的研究

主要阐述近年来在近地小行星轨道演化研究工作中所获得的一些基本结果，即合理的力学模型和相应的有效算法，并以实际预报算例（近地小行星与地球的交会状态）与有关权威性的结果作了比较，证实这些研究结果确实是可信的。在给出的力学模型中，考虑了所有可能影响近地小行星运动的力学因素，包括各大天体和较大的主带小行星的引力作用、有关天体的扁率影响以及源于太阳引力的后牛顿效应。而在计算方法中，合理地处理了变步长问题和月球位置量这种相对而言的快变化问题，使得数值求解一个高维方程组时，对各天体而言，可采用同一步长进行 积分，避免了求解过程中的复杂性。     

1983年日全食闪光谱中氦D3线的研究

我们对１９８３年日食闪光谱中的Ｄ３线进行了光度测量，加上比较可靠的定标系数，得到了氦Ｄ３线的绝对表面亮度分布，由此还求出了氦的密芳随高度的分布。其结果与以前观测结果大体一致。Ｇｕｌｙａｅｖ由统计发现，Ｄ３线的绝对亮度有着随太阳黑子数增加而下降这一趋势。我们的结果符合这一趋势。     

大质量恒星演化的若干问题(英文)

大质量恒星由于其高光度、短寿命和质量损失 ,对星系的积分光谱能量分布和重元素增丰起主导作用 ,从而在研究星系的形成和演化上具有特殊的意义。特别是随着天文设备的长足进展 ,我们可以回溯宇宙演化的历史 ,得到形成初期时星系的观测性质。那时 ,大质量恒星主导星系的辐射性质 ,这更加突出了对大质量恒星进一步了解的迫切性。但是大质量恒星的演化性质相对中小质量恒星而言 ,有很多不确定性。本文通过对比现有恒星模型与实测结果 ,对现有大质量恒星演化理论中存在的几个与对流和质量损失相关的问题进行了评述 ,并对从理论上 ,特别是通过数字模拟方法对这些问题进行诊断提出了展望。     

关于近地小行星轨道演化的初步探索

本文采用改进的显式辛算法和嵌套的PKF7（8）积分器同时对86颗已命名（或编号）的近地小行星的轨道演化进行了数值研究，在103－104年的时间尺度上，给出了这些小行星轨道演化的状况以及它们与几颗大行星靠近的最小距离，特别是与地球接近的最小距离可小于0．01天文单位，甚至可能比月球还更靠近地球．     

与耀斑相关的磁场演化

本文利用紫金山天文台太阳光谱仪缝前附属Ｄａｙｓｔａｒ滤光器拍摄的，发生在ＮＯＡＡ５３９５活动区中的三个耀斑的Ｈα单色光资料，对比北京天文台怀柔观测站取得的光球磁场资料，研究耀斑产生位置与光球磁场演化的关系，结果表明：（１）在所研究的５０个耀斑亮核中，有３８个位于新浮磁流区附近，另有少数亮核出现在磁对消区；（２）耀斑亮核多集中在横场方向交叉，剪切角大的复杂磁区，耀斑后多数区域磁场结构简化；（３）耀斑     

关于太阳系小天体轨道演化的算法研究

太阳系小天体的运动对应—哈密顿(Hamilton)系统,对其轨道演化的数值研究宜采用哈密顿算法(即辛算法)。本文将仔细讨论这一问题,并以主带小行星的运动为例,较系统地介绍几种辛算法对应的显式辛差分格式。     

活动星系核中心黑洞热力学量的演化

本文考虑吸积和Blandford－Znajek过程的影响,活动星系核中心黑洞的无量纲化角动量最终要演化至一稳定值,也就是说中心黑洞不会演化至极端Kerr黑洞,即不会打破热力学第三定律．这一演化过程对厚、薄两种不同几何结构的盘是相似的,即从性质上说其不依赖于盘结构．无量纲化角动量最终稳定值的大小由BZ过程的强度和吸积盘的几何结构确定．     

γ射线暴火球的演化与余辉

GRB主爆后，火球继续膨胀，根据暴后火球的动力学演化方程，考虑电子的分布随时间的变化，通过数值求解，得到光学R波段和X射线余辉与时间t的关系。计算结果与观测结果相比较，符合得很好。最后，还讨论了火球＋激波模型的不足。     

MAGNETIC RECONNECTION IN MULTIPLE HELIOSPHERIC CURRENT SHEETS

Satellite observations of the heliospheric current sheet indicate that the internal structure of sector boundaries is a very complex structure with many directional discontinuities in the magnetic field. This implies that the heliospheric current sheet is not a single surface but a constantly changing layer with a varying number of current sheets. In this paper, we investigate magnetic reconnection caused by the resistive tearing mode instability in non-periodic multiple current sheets by using two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulation. The results show that it is complex unsteady magnetic reconnection. Accompanying the nonlinear development of the tearing mode, the width of each magnetic island in multiple current sheets increases with time, and this leads to new magnetic reconnection. At the same time, the width of each current sheet increases, and the current intensity decreases gradually. Finally, the reverse current disappears, and a big magnetic island is formed in the central region. This process is faster when the separation between the current sheets is smaller. We suggest that the occurrence of multiple directional discontinuities observed at sector boundary crossings in the heliosphere may be associated with the magnetic islands and plasmoids caused by magnetic reconnection in multiple current sheets.     

EVOLUTION OF A DELTA GROUP IN THE PHOTOSPHERE AND CORONA

We present a study of the evolution of NOAA AR 7205 in the photosphere and corona, including an analysis of sunspot motions, and show the evolutionary aspects of flare activity using full-disc white-light observations from Debrecen, vector magnetograms from Mees Observatory, Hawaii, and Yohkoh soft X-ray observations. NOAA AR 7205 was born on the disc on 18 June, 1992. During the first 3 days it consisted of intermittent minor spots. A vigorous evolution started on 21 June when, through the emergence and merging (v 100–150 m s^-1) of several bipoles, a major bipolar sunspot group was formed. Transverse magnetic fields and currents indicated the presence of shear (clockwise twist) already on 21 June (with 0.015 Mm^-1). On 23 June, new flux emerged in the trailing part of the region with the new negative polarity spot situated very close to the big positive polarity trailing spot of the main bipole. The secondary bipole seemed to emerge with high non-potentality (currents). From that time the AR became the site of recurrent flare activity. We find that all 14 flares observed with the Yohkoh satellite occurred between the highly sheared new bipole and the double-headed principal bipole. Currents observed in the active region became stronger and more extended with time. We propose that the currents have been (i) induced by sunspot motions and (ii) increased by non-potential flux emergence leading to the occurrence of energetic flares (X1.8 and X3.9). This observation underlines the importance of flare analysis in the context of active region evolution.     

近地小行星轨道演化的数值研究与辛算法有效性的探讨

本文采用改进的显式辛算法（symplecticalgorithm）和嵌套的RKF7（8）积分器对43颗已命名（或编号）的近地小行星的轨道演化进行数值研究．在力学模型上,除考虑各大行星的引力振动外,还增加了后牛顿效应,而在算法上则着重探索辛算法在近地小行星轨道演化研究中的应用前景,特别是当小行星与某一大行星靠近时辛算法的有效性．本文的结果可为了解近地小行星的轨道演化状况和对它们进行监测提供可靠的信息．     

超新星SN1987A包层的温度演化

本文介绍了超新星ＳＮ１９８７Ａ爆发六年来关于其包层温度演化的研究情况。温度是研究超新星的各种物理过程的一个基本参量，然而目前对温度的各种估算十分弥散，结果相当不确定。本文利用辐射转移理论的逃逸几率方法，导出Ｈａ线辐射理论光变曲线，通过与观测曲线的比较，可定量地导出超新气壳的温度演化行为。这一模型的结果与他人结果有较好的符合。同时，我们的结果表明，在爆发５００天以后，温度反而随年龄上升，可能的解释在     

Blazar天体中光学射电大爆发的频谱演化

本文讨论Ｂｌａｚａｒ天体中光学射电大爆发频谱演化的理论模型．考虑沿喷流传播的相对论性激波所注入或加速的相对论性电子，受到康普顿、同步辐射和绝热膨胀三种损耗，并计及相对论电子能谱的高能截断．假定喷流轴线与观测者方向构成很小角度．文中给出了大爆发频谱三阶段连续演化的特性，即康普顿阶段，同步辐射阶段和绝热膨胀阶段的爆发特性．频谱演化用（Ｓｍ－ｖｍ）关系表达（见图２，图中Ｓｍ为频谱反转流量，ｖｍ为反转频率），它与一些Ｂｌａｚａｒ天体中观测到的典型形式相符合．     

FRAGMENTAL BRECCIAS AND THE COLLISIONAL EVOLUTION OF ORDINARY CHONDRITE PARENT BODIES

Our survey of type 4–6 ordinary chondrites indicates that gas-poor, melt-rock and/or exotic clast-bearing fragmental breccias constitute 5%, 22% and 23%, respectively, of H, L and LL chondrites. These abundances contrast with the percentages of solar-gas-rich regolith breccias among ordinary chondrites: H (14%), L (3%) and LL (8%) (Crabb and Schultz, 1981). Petrologic study of several melt-rock-clast-bearing fragmental breccias indicates that some acquired their clasts prior to breccia metamorphism and others acquired them after metamorphism of host material. In general, the melt-rock clasts in gas-poor H chondrite fragmental breccias were acquired after breccia metamorphism and were probably formed by impacts into boulders or exposed outcrops of H4-6 material in the H chondrite parent body regolith. In contrast, most of the melt-rock clasts in gas-poor L and LL fragmental breccias were acquired prior to breccia metamorphism. The low abundance of regolith breccias among L chondrites and evidence that at least two-thirds of the L chondrites suffered a major shock event 0.5 Gyr ago, suggest that the L parent body may have been disrupted by a major collision at that time and that the remaining parent body fragments were too small to develop substantial regoliths (e.g., Heymann, 1967; Crabb and Schultz, 1981). Such a disruption would have exposed a large amount of L chondrite bedrock, some of which would consist of fragmental breccias that acquired melt-rock clasts very early in solar system history, prior to metamorphism. The exposed bedrock would serve as a potential target for sporadic meteoroid impacts to produce a few fragmental breccias with unmetamorphosed melt-rock clasts. The high proportion of genomict brecciated LL chondrites reflects a complex collisional history, probably including several episodes of parent body disruption and gravitational reassembly. Differences in the abundances of different kinds of breccias among the ordinary chondrite groups are probably due to the stochastic nature of major asteroidal collisions.