皖南江南陆内造山带的基本特征与中生代造山过程

皖南地区的江南隆起带 ,在震旦纪—中三叠世与周边一样处于被动大陆边缘海相环境。印支—早燕山期 ,该带成为陆内造山带 ,其中发育了一系列近东西向、向北逆冲的逆冲—推覆构造 ,使基底岩系相互叠置、强烈隆升。江南陆内造山带属板内叠置山系 ,不具阿尔卑斯式远程推覆体。地球物理资料表明 ,该陆内造山带下的地壳和岩石圈曾显著加厚。江南陆内造山带形成于北部华北与扬子板块发生陆—陆碰撞、南部华南板块向北推挤的区域动力学背景下     

雪峰造山带北段灰山港地区构造变形特征及其形成构造背景

雪峰造山带位于江南造山带西南段,是研究和认识华南构造演化的重要窗口.本文在对雪峰造山带北段灰山港地区的构造变形特征系统调查的基础上,探讨了构造变形体制、成因机制和加里东运动及印支运动构造线方向横向变化的成因.调查发现,区内存在两个角度不整合面,据此划分3个构造层,即加里东构造层(Nh～S1)、海西-印支构造层(D2～P...     

桐柏-大别造山带加里东期构造热事件及其意义

桐柏－ 大别造山带是多旋回发展的复合造山带,至少有晋宁期、加里东期和印支期三个造山旋回。加里东旋回结束洋壳发展历史,经历了广泛的区域变质作用和局部强烈的高压超高压变质作用,具有划时代意义。桐柏－ 大别造山带加里东期具小洋盆、微古陆、多岛海古地理面貌,总体向北俯冲,最终形成陆 陆碰撞造山带。进一步可划分为三个各具特色的单元：北淮阳构造带是一个板块碰撞混杂带;中间隆起区相当于岛弧性质,但它部分地段曾一度伴随小洋盆俯冲至深处,形成高压超高压变质带;随应褶皱带为大陆裂谷性质,并具某些弧后盆地特征。它们共同构成了大陆造山带复杂的内部结构构造特征。桐柏－ 大别造山带向东被后期的郯庐断裂所截;向西与秦岭造山带相连。通过区域地质和古地磁对比,加里东期秦岭造山带开裂规模更大,蛇绿岩更发育,构成一个向西开口的喇叭形;碰撞时大别造山带先碰,然而逐渐向西迁移     

西秦岭造山带泥盆纪沉积地质学和动力沉积学研究:古地理、地层层序及构造演化

晚加里东到早海西期，西秦岭北带存在一较大规模的造山带，泥盆纪的古地形呈北高南低的特征。持续的海侵由南向北侵进、中泥盆世由于北秦岭造山带的向南仰冲，形成同造山的前陆拗陷盆地。南秦岭裂陷槽是早古生代小洋盆的残余海槽。西秦岭造山带泥盆纪的地层层序分为海平面变化控制型层序（ＳＣ型）、基底构造控制型层序（ＴＣ型）和复合型层序（ＳＴＣ型）三种类型。ＳＣ型层序发育于中秦岭微板块的小型克拉通盆地，ＴＣ型层序发育于同造山盆地和相邻的前隆（反弹）带，ＳＴＣ型层序是造山作用和造山过程的沉积响应。秦岭造山带加里东－早海西期碰撞－造山作用过程较为复杂，北秦岭造山带是由秦岭微板块与华北板块斜向和不规则边缘碰撞形成的，是一个发育不成熟和不均一的造山带，碰撞和造山由西向东，造山作用在西秦岭表现显著；南秦岭洋盆的闭合是秦岭微板块和扬子板块的斜向碰撞形成的，具闭合不碰撞和碰撞不造山的特征，闭合和碰撞由东向西。晚海西－印支期，秦岭进入再生盆地发育阶段。再生盆地于印支－燕山期闭合并造山。     

西秦岭造山带泥盆纪沉积地质学和动力沉积学研究:古地理、地层层序及构造演化

晚加里东到早海西期,西秦岭北带存在一较大规模的造山带,泥盆纪的古地形呈北高南低的特下。持续的海侵由南向北侵进。中泥盆世由于北秦岭造山带的向南爷冲,形成同造山的前陆拗陷盆地。南秦岭裂陷槽是早古生代小洋盆的残余海槽。     

TECTONICS OF THE DABIE OROGENIC BELT, CENTRAL CHINA

Tectonically the Dabie orogenic belt consists mainly of the Dabieshan Yanshanian uplifted zone and the Beihuaiyang Variscan-Indosinian folding zone. In the north boundary adjoining the North China Block, there are an Early Palaeozoic ophiolitic mixtite belt and the Hefei Mesozoic-Cenozoic faulted basin which overlaps on the suture belt. In the south of Dabie orogen, there is a secondary tectonic unit called Foreland thrust-faulted structural zone which was mainly formed by the intracontinental subductions during Mesozoic era. The study shows that the Dabie Block is a part of mid-late Proterozoic palaeo-island arc at the north margin of Yangtze Block. During Caledonian period, as a submerged uplift at the northen continental margin of Yangtze Block, the Dabie Block collided with the early Palaeozoic palaeo-island arc at the south margin of North China Block, resulting in the convergence of the North and South China Blocks and the disappearance of oceanic crust. Since then,large-scale intracontinental subductions were followed. Dabie Orogenic Belt is the product of overlapping of Yangtze Block, Dabie Block and North China Block under the mechanism of intracontinental subduction. Indosinian period is the period of chief deformation and high pressure dynamic metamorphism for Dabie Block, and Yanshan period is the main orogenic period in which the remelting of crust caused by basement shearing resulted in large scale thermometamorphism. The present tectonic framework of the orogen was finally formed by the rapid uplifting of the Dabieshan mountains and gliding southwards, which result in the developing of thrust belt on south side and the extensional tectonic movement on north side.     

TECTONICS OF THE DABIE OROGENIC BELT, CENTRAL CHINA

Tectonically the Dabie orogenic belt consists mainly of the Dabieshan Yanshanian uplifted zone and the Beihuaiyang Variscan-Indosinian folding zone. In the north boundary adjoining the North China Block, there are an Early Palaeozoic ophiolitic mixtite belt and the Hefei Mesozoic-Cenozoic faulted basin which overlaps on the suture belt. In the south of Dabie orogen, there is a secondary tectonic unit called Foreland thrust-faulted structural zone which was mainly formed by the intracontinental subductions during Mesozoic era. The study shows that the Dabie Block is a part of mid-late Proterozoic palaeo-island arc at the north margin of Yangtze Block. During Caledonian period, as a submerged uplift at the northen continental margin of Yangtze Block, the Dabie Block collided with the early Palaeozoic palaeo-island arc at the south margin of North China Block, resulting in the convergence of the North and South China Blocks and the disappearance of oceanic crust. Since then,large-scale intracontinental subductions were followed. Dabie Orogenic Belt is the product of overlapping of Yangtze Block, Dabie Block and North China Block under the mechanism of intracontinental subduction. Indosinian period is the period of chief deformation and high pressure dynamic metamorphism for Dabie Block, and Yanshan period is the main orogenic period in which the remelting of crust caused by basement shearing resulted in large scale thermometamorphism. The present tectonic framework of the orogen was finally formed by the rapid uplifting of the Dabieshan mountains and gliding southwards, which result in the developing of thrust belt on south side and the extensional tectonic movement on north side.     

安徽宿松志留系—泥盆系碎屑锆石物源分析及其大地构造意义*

安徽宿松志留系—泥盆系分布于下扬子地层区西部,大别造山带东南缘,郯庐断裂带南端东侧。为了获得宿松地区志留系—泥盆系的物源信息,对出露于宿松地区的坟头组、茅山组及五通组细砂岩及粉砂岩进行了碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年。结果显示,3个样品均获得了约970 Ma、820 Ma的主要峰值年龄和约450 Ma的次要峰值年龄。碎屑锆石主要来源于花岗质岩石。根据花岗岩中锆石的判别图,研究层段碎屑锆石大多属于I型和S型花岗岩锆石,而江南造山带内新元古代及华南地区加里东期的花岗质岩石大多为I型和S型。通过与华南碎屑锆石年龄谱的对比,认为研究地层物源主要来自华南板块内部。根据锆石结晶年龄与沉积年龄差异模式图,判别出安徽宿松志留系—泥盆系形成于碰撞背景。     

龙门山陆内复合造山带的四维结构构造特征

位于扬子陆块和松潘陆块过渡带上的龙门山造山带,是在印支期中国大陆主体拼合和秦岭造山带形成过程中开始发育、燕山期陆内构造活动中继承发展、喜马拉雅期印-亚碰撞和青藏高原隆升过程中遭受改造并定型的。现今构造面貌是扬子陆块向北漂移过程中产生的北西向推挤力、源自秦岭造山带的南北向推挤力和源自青藏高原的东西向推挤力三者联合作用的结果,因此是一个典型的陆内复合造山带。其陆内复合结构构造特征具有下列特点。 1）倾向上,龙门山造山带由茂县-汶川断裂、北川-映秀断裂、安县-灌县断裂和广元-大邑（隐伏）断裂4条主干断裂分隔显示出明显的分带变形特征,由北西向南东具有层次渐浅、强度递减、卷入层位变新的趋势,总体上呈前展式扩展。 2）走向上,龙门山造山带呈现北、中、南段三分格局,它们在基底性质及展布、地层发育及演化历史、变形特征、沉降与隆升特征、活动构造等多个方面具有差异。 3）垂向上,龙门山造山带发育多层次滑脱构造,最重要的滑脱界面是15～20 km深处的低速层和中下三叠统富膏盐岩层,由此控制了深浅构造不一致的变形幅度和变形样式。 4）时间演化上,龙门山造山带表现出倾向上的前展式扩展和走向上的分段式递进性或序次性演化的趋势：印支期,龙门山中北段活动较强,由北东向南西逐渐扩展,主要为挤压逆冲和左旋走滑作用; 燕山期,构造活动总体上趋于相对平静,具有南北分段、由北东向南西迁移的特征; 喜马拉雅山期,龙门山中南段活动较强,由南西向北东逐渐扩展和递进,主要为挤压逆冲、隆升和右旋走滑作用。     

南华夏造山带构造演化的新证据

华南的大地构造有两种解释,一种可称为加里东造山模式,另一种可称为华南阿尔卑斯模式。前者认为华南是一个早古生代造山带,其后便成为准地台。中生代时受到活化导致盖层与基底的褶皱、断裂、岩浆作用和成矿作用。但这个模式不能解释许多地质事实。 本文继许靖华等(1987)的模式之后,给出了一些新证据,其中包括皖赣蛇绿混杂岩、蓝田、西山和乐平构造窗以及庐山飞来峰。这些证据为华南的三叠纪造山作用和构造演化模式提供了强有力的支持。     

南天山造山带志留—泥盆纪盆地恢复与构造旋回地层学初探

用动力旋回地层学观点对南天山造山带进行了初步探讨 ,建立该区域志留—泥盆纪构造沉积演化模式 :南天山南缘洋盆早志留世已出现 ,晚志留世为孤立碳酸盐台地发育阶段 :泥盆纪南天山南缘洋盆开始向北俯冲 ,导致了相对海平面上升 ,使碳酸盐台地被淹没 ,出现深水浊流盆地背景 ,并伴随来自哈尔克山、艾尔宾山南缘火山岛弧带的火山碎屑沉积。至石炭纪 ,由于洋壳俯冲加剧 ,在南天山北缘出现火山弧、南缘盆地形成超覆沉积 ,总体反映了海平面不断上升的过程。同时 ,对造山带中变形盆地对原型盆地响应进行了探讨 ,提出了超构造岩片、构造岩片、微构造岩片及地层序列四级岩片划分方案。针对有限史密斯地层进行了动力旋回层序的研究 ,将上志留统至泥盆系划分为四个二级动力旋回层序及 14个三级动力旋回层序     

东秦岭钼、金多金属矿区域成矿系统与成矿预测

以区域成矿理论为基础,将东秦岭构造带划分为华北古陆南缘、北秦岭造山带、南秦岭造山带和扬子古陆等4个构造单元,其间商丹缝合断裂带分割南北秦岭造山带,形成华南古陆和华北古陆的分界,区内断裂构造及燕山期岩浆岩发育。研究区位于台地边缘,具有基底和盖层二元台地沉积结构,基底太古宇太华岩群变质岩和盖层熊耳群火山岩及燕山期岩浆岩构成区内重要的矿源岩。根据东秦岭地区的地球化学特征分析,矿源岩的基本特征是亏损铜,而钨和钼、铅和锌、金和银则分别在不同的物源岩中富集。研究区内矿产资源丰富,以热液成因钼、金多金属矿床为主,根据成矿流体成因及其与地质作用的关系,划分为3个成矿系统,即岩浆热液作用成矿系统、火山热液作用成矿系统及构造热液作用成矿系统,其分别与燕山期岩浆热液、熊耳期火山热液及中生代构造热液活动有关。根据燕山期岩浆岩、熊耳期火山机构及中生代的区域构造性质,分别预测了研究区内重点成矿区域。     

钦-杭接合带之构造特征

华南大陆壳由扬子地块和华夏地块两个主要的地质构造单元组成,其间发育一条板块碰撞拼接带——钦-杭接合带,依据地层组成、构造变形差异,进一步划分为鄣公山构造混杂岩带、绍兴-江山对接带,前者叠加发育在扬子地块南部陆缘江南古岛弧之上,后者代表两地块间消减了的大洋及边缘海混杂体,经历了晋宁-加里东多期碰撞拼贴：晋宁期华夏陆块向扬子陆块俯冲、碰撞、走滑,形成了透镜-网结状韧性剪切系统争三期褶皱变形;加里东运动,华夏陆块再次与扬子陆块碰撞、仰冲,导致华南加里东造山带逆冲推覆在晋宁期造山带之上。至此,两者最终焊接成一体,形成了统一的晚古生代沉积盖层。     

东昆仑喀雅克登塔格晚泥盆世花岗闪长岩的发现与地质意义

东昆仑西部祁漫塔格喀雅克登塔格地区地质研究程度低,特别是未曾有晚泥盆世侵入岩的报道或记录。本次工作识别出晚泥盆世花岗闪长岩的存在,经LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素定年,其形成时代为(380.52±0.92)Ma,即晚泥盆世。这一发现打破了东昆仑造山带加里东造山旋回幔源岩浆底侵作用发生在早泥盆世(408Ma)—中泥盆世(386Ma)的认识,进而将幔源岩浆底侵作用一直延续至晚泥盆世380Ma,为细化东昆仑西部祁漫塔格加里东造山旋回晚泥盆世的构造背景奠定了基础;喀雅克登塔格晚泥盆世花岗闪长岩产于祁漫塔格加里东造山带后造山伸展崩塌的晚期阶段幔源岩浆底侵作用的构造背景。     

Deep Tectonic Processes and Superaccumulation of Metals Related to Granitoids in the Nanling Metallogenic Province, China

The Nanling region is an important nonferrous and rare metal metallogenic province in South China, in which most of the deposits are related to granitoids in genesis. It covers southern Hunan, southern Jiangxi, Guangxi, Guangdong and Fujian provinces, with a total area of about 550,000 km2. This metallogenic province is well known in the world for its rich tungsten and tin resources. In the past 40-odd years, a vast amount of mineral exploration activities and studies of the geology of mineral deposits have been carried out and great achievements obtained in the province. This paper is focused on a discussion about the deep tectonic processes in the orogenic belt during the Mesozoic and their contribution to the superaccumulation of metals. Tectonically, this metallogenic province is composed of three units: (1) the marginal continental orogenic belt in the Southeastern Coast fold system in the Yanshanian; (2) the intercontinental orogenic belt in the collision suture belt between the Yangtze and Cathaysian plates mainly in the Caledonian; and (3) the intracontinental orogenic belt induced by subduction of the ocean crust and delimination of the mantle lithosphere in the Yanshanian. It is suggested that superaccumulation of metals in this metallogenic province was caused by the existence of mantle rooted tectonics at the depth based on comprehensive studies of geophysical information of seismic, geothermal and magnetotelluric surveys in Nanling and its adjacent areas. The Xihuashan wolframite quartz vein deposit, the Shizhuyuan W, Sn, Mo, Bi greisen-skarn deposit and the Dachang tin-polymetallic deposit are three typical examples of the deep tectonic processes. However, this kind of deep tectonic processes only act as the "engine" of the superaccumulation of metals, which means that they should have to correspond with the super-crust ore-controlling pattern of "lines-rows-clusters" (L-R-C). This recognization is expected to play an important role in assessment of mineral resources in this province.     

东昆仑造山带东段昆中构造混杂岩带左旋斜冲韧性变形特征

东昆中构造混杂岩带是经历了晚元古代、加里东末和晚海西期三次碰撞事件而形成的多旋回复合碰撞缝合带，通过对东昆中构造混杂岩带晚加里东期左旋斜冲韧性剪切变形的几何学、运动学及流变学特征的研究，探讨了其形成的构造背景，指出该期构造变形是东昆中加里东末碰撞事件的产物。     

华南大陆东部若干构造问题的思考

华南大陆的结构、属性、过程与动力学一直是地质学家关注的热点。本文以钦杭构造带东段为主要研究地区,通过精细的构造解析、变质变形研究、年代学分析,结合反射地震剖面,探讨了华南大陆东部几个科学问题。（1）江南造山带形成于新元古代华夏板块与扬子板块的“软碰撞”作用,可划分为扬子板块南缘、扬子—华夏汇聚带和华夏板块北缘3个构造单元,江南断裂带和武夷山—遂昌断裂带分别为江南造山带的北界和南界。（2）扬子—华夏板块汇聚带由多个小板块拼合而成,其间有多条缝合带,大约900 Ma开始汇聚,760 Ma全面闭合,850~780 Ma为活动高峰期,具有递变式的汇聚拼合过程,由南向北发展,先斜向俯冲,后右旋走滑,最晚集中在中部活动。（3）华南大陆东部为中生代奠定的构造格架,主要构造为一系列北东走向褶皱和逆冲断层,大量地壳范围内的叠瓦状逆冲推覆构造,由南向北逆冲,可下切到中—下地壳。（4）华南大陆燕山晚期区域性伸展构造广泛发育,存在“华南热隆”构造,震旦系内的滑覆构造典型,同期大规模岩浆活动、火山活动和大规模的热液成矿。（5）华南大陆构造演化为：850 Ma扬子—华夏板块递进式汇聚,760 Ma全面拼合,江南造山带形成;600 Ma华南大陆盖层发育;430 Ma钦杭构造带受南部构造影响;220 Ma钦杭构造带受北部远程构造影响;160 Ma逆冲推覆构造产生;140 Ma大规模伸展,构造-岩浆-成矿关系密切;随后江南持续隆升,华南强烈热隆。     

Geochemistry of the Caledonian basic volcanic rocks at the south margin of the Qinling orogenic belt, and its tectonic implications

The geochemistry of the basic volcanic rocks at the south margin of the Qinling orogenic belt(SMQOB) suggests that they were formed in an intraplate tectonic setting.The REE distribution patterns show these rocks are strongly enriched in LREE with high ∑REE, and their trace elements geochemistry is similar to that of contimental flood basalt.All the above evidence suggests that the Caledonian basic volcanic rocks in the SMQOB were tholeiitic basalts formed in an intraplate spreading-initial rift tectonic setting.The characteristics of regional geology and geochemistry indicate that there was an intraplate spreading-rift tectonic setting between the South Qingling block and the Yangtze block in the Caledonian epoch.The dynamic spreading in this district began in the Early Caledonian and then the intraplate spreadinginitial rifts were formed in the Late Caledonian.As a result of spreading of the Tethys and geodynamic processes in deep mantle ,the Mianlue-Huashan oceanic basin was formed between the Qinling block and the Yangtze block in Devonian,and the Qinling microplate was separated from the northern part of the Yangtze plate.     

扬子北缘复合构造带的结构、演化和动力学

扬子北缘复合构造带位于秦岭—大别造山带南缘与扬子板块北缘之间,由桐柏—大别造山带、武汉—怀宁断褶带、九岭—江南隆起带、瑞昌—铜陵断褶带和大冶—宿松对接带等构造单元组成,是中生代不同时期构造体制叠加,不同方向构造复合、联合的结果。该复合构造带北侧的桐柏—大别山南缘构造带和武汉—怀宁前陆断褶带由北向南逆冲,主要形成于晚印支期,是特提斯构造体制作用的产物; 而南侧的九岭—江南隆起带和瑞昌—铜陵断褶带,则由南向北逆冲,主要形成于早燕山期,是太平洋构造体制作用的产物,同时北侧的大别山南缘构造带和前陆断褶带受到影响,再次活动; 位于该复合构造带中部的大冶—宿松对接带是上述不同构造体制下,不同方向应力叠加,多期构造形迹复合最终形成的复杂构造带。所以,扬子北缘复合构造带是特提斯构造体制与太平洋构造体制转换的产物,是中下扬子两大构造体系转换的经典记录。     

华北地块南缘向北的薄皮推覆构造及北秦岭加里东造山作用

通过对华北地块南缘向北的薄皮推覆构造及北秦岭构造带结构、构造特征分析，认为它们同属于加里东期造山作用产物。北秦岭属于加里东造山带根带（即核部），华北地块南缘小秦岭（及豫西）地区属于该期造山带的外带，渭北褶皱隆起区则属于其前锋冲断褶带。秦岭造山带现今几何模型是一个复合型不对称扇状大陆造山带。