自然资源管理中权属界线与空间管控界线测绘精度的问题分析

自然资源权属界线、空间管控界线作为自然资源产权管理与国土空间用途管制的重要依据,不仅是技术线,更是政策线。机构改革前界线测绘工作由相关部门分头管理,界线落地时出现了空间范围不准、空间交叉冲突等问题。本文从自然资源管理中空间管控界线、权属界线两类界线测绘的统筹管理需求出发,对提高界线测绘精度、完善界线测绘制图标准等有关问题进行了探讨。     

在自然资源管理中发挥测绘地理信息科技创新作用研究

2018年10月,自然资源部研究印发了《自然资源科技创新发展规划纲要》,提出了以“一核两深三系”为主体的自然资源重大科技创新战略。测绘地理信息技术已广泛应用于资源生态环境调查和对人口、经济、社会等空间分布规律研究。测绘地理信息科技创新是自然资源调查监测、国土空间优化管控、生态保护修复技术体系（“三系”）建设的重要内容,也是深地探测、深海探测国际科学前沿（“两深”）研究的重要手段。分析了自然资源管理内涵,结合《自然资源科技创新发展规划纲要》中有关自然资源科技创新发展任务布局,提出了测绘地理信息科技创新在自然资源管理中的相关任务建议。     

Groundwater prospects evaluation based on hydrogeomorphological mapping using high resolution satellite images: A case study in Uttarakhand

Water is the most important natural resource which forms the core of the ecological system. The advent of remote sensing has opened up new vistas in groundwater prospect evaluation, exploration and management. The groundwater resources of the study area, Rishikesh region of Garhwal Himalayas, are under threat due to population pressure caused by expanding tourism in this region. This entails sustainable and judicious use of this precious resource. The groundwater prospect evaluation in Rishikesh region has been attempted based on hydrogeomorphological mapping of the area consisting of thematic maps of hydrogeomorphology, geology, drainage, lineament, slope and relief using high resolution IRS-1C LISS III and PAN merged satellite images. The Rishikesh region exhibits diverse hydrogeomorphological conditions where the groundwater regime is controlled mainly by topography and geology. A probability-weighted approach has been applied during overlay analysis in ArcMap GIS environment. The overlay analysis allows a linear combination of weights of each thematic map with respect to ground water potential. Good groundwater prospects dominate in the area with more than 50% of the study area showing moderate to excellent potential. The study shows that the remote sensing and geoinformatics techniques can be applied effectively for groundwater prospect evaluation.     

Regional hydrologic mapping of flows in stream networks

River low flow (LF) is an important hydrological characteristic used in management of the quantity and quality of water resources. A common way to transpose at-station low flow quantiles to ungaged locations involves development of regional multivariate regression models. In site selection studies of water control facilities, need arises to automate the mapping of LF characteristics onto the stream network in a continuous manner. This would allow estimation of LF at any desired ungaged location. A mapping algorithm is introduced that determines the value of regression model's independent variables (input components) over the drainage area of each stream pixel and calculates the flow (output). The mapping algorithm relies mainly on the digital elevation model (DEM) and its derivatives, such as flow direction and flow accumulation. Furthermore, the contribution of each independent variable of the regional model to the total flow may be plotted to represent the flow profiles along the streams. A case study involving LF mapping in rivers of Gilan province, Iran, where LF quantiles are required for issuing water withdrawal permits as well as maintaining water quality standards, is also described in the paper. Overall, the maps and profiles of flow statistics in the region of interest provide convenient visualization and assessment tools for water resource and environmental engineers. The transposition algorithm may also be applied in regional mapping of other flow characteristics such as flood or average flows.     

基于测绘地理信息更新的土地利用变化动态发现

随着城市人口增长、城镇化趋势扩大、可利用资源急剧减少,动态地掌握城市土地利用现状变化,是有效利用城市的土地资源、加强土地资源监管的重要基础,土地利用现状的调查是最基础的土地资源调查。本文通过分析上海土地利用调查现状和测绘地理信息资源情况,基于测绘地理信息更新机制,结合“多测合一”、季度卫星影像、基础测绘、细化调查等测绘工作,探索了一种动态、可靠的多周期、全覆盖的土地利用变化动态发现方法,并通过试点提出了土地利用变化发现的建议。     

测绘事业单位人力资源管理信息化系统建设应用研究

面对竞争相当激烈的测绘市场,从传统的人事管理向人力资源管理转变,是顺应社会发展的必然趋势。利用先进成熟的计算机、网络、数据库及通信等技术建立一个"准确、及时、标准、高效、安全"的人力资源管理系统,是实现测绘事业单位人力资源优化和管理信息化的重要途径,有效地提高了人力资源管理人员的工作效率。     

Mapping of hydrogeomorphological features in varaha river basin using IRS data

Hydrogeomorphological mapping in Varaha River Basin (VRB) was carried out to develop relationship between groundwater condition and geomophology of the area. The VRB is located in the north coastal region of Andhra Pradesh is characterised by variability in precipitation, temperature, vegetation, infiltration and run-off. Realising the significance of remote sensing in natural resource management and development, IRS 1A data was used in the study. It is inferred that various hydrogeomorphological units identified in the study area, are the outcome of different geomorphic processes that have been operating in the area and reveal which close relationship between groundwater condition and geology and geomorphol-ogy of the area. Areas covered by buried channels have shallow aquifers of good quality wa-ter with excellent yield. Lineaments and fractures may prove to be potential zones for ground-water development.     

Sustainable Utilisation of Water Resource in Watershed Perspective - A Case Study in Alaunja Watershed, Hazaribagh, Bihar

Alaunja watershed, located on ‘Chotanagpur’ plateau of Bihar, is mainly under single cropping. The area receives more than 1000 mm of rainfall but it has not been utilised properly to increase the agricultural output. The remote sensing, geophysical, DBTM (Digital Basement Terrain Model) and GIS (Geographic information System) techniques were used for providing scientific database for sustainable utilisation of water resources in watershed perspective. The landuse, soil and surface water body maps have been prepared using remotely sensed data. DBTM has been generated based on depth of basement information derived from geophysical data to provide information regarding aquifer geometry, fracture zones and sub-surface basins. Analysis indicated that surface and groundwater resources have potential to irrigate 53 per cent of geographical area of the watershed. But at present, this available potential has been utilised only to irrigate 7.03 per cent area of the watershed. Feasibility for large scale development of groundwater through dugwell is possible only in 2 per cent area of the watershed. The available groundwater potential to irrigate 28 per cent area of watershed can not be utilised through dugwells. The surface water potential is also poorly utilised. The present study also helped in prioritising the water resource development activities.     

Procedures for woody vegetation surveys in the Kazgail rural council area,Kordofan, Sudan

Efforts to reforest parts of the Kordofan Province of Sudan are receiving support from international development agencies. These efforts include planning and implementing reforestation activities that require the collection of natural resources and socioeconomic data, and the preparation of base maps. A combination of remote sensing, geographic information system and global positioning systems procedures are used in this study to meet these requirements.

Remote sensing techniques were used to provide base maps and to guide the compilation of vegetation resources maps. These techniques provided a rapid and efficient method for documenting available resources. Pocket‐sized global positioning system units were used to establish the location of field data collected for mapping and resource analysis. A microcomputer data management system tabulated and displayed the field data. The resulting system for data analysis, management, and planning has been adopted for the mapping and inventory of the Gum Belt of Sudan.     

基于GIS的矿产资源规划管理信息系统开发

传统的矿产资源管理手段落后,已无法满足国土信息化的要求,针对矿政部门的工作特点,提出了基于GIS技术的矿产规划管理信息系统。详细介绍了系统功能,从总体设计、数据库建设、所采取的技术路线等方面进行了描述。该系统的建成,将极大提高矿产管理水平,并为制定矿产规划决策提供支持。     

Applicability of generalized additive model in groundwater potential modelling and comparison its performance by bivariate statistical methods

Groundwater is the most valuable natural resource in arid areas. Therefore, any attempt to investigate potential zones of groundwater for further management of water supply is necessary. Hence, many researchers have worked on this subject all around the world. On the other hand, the Generalized Additive Model (GAM) has been applied to environmental and ecological modelling, but its applicability to other kinds of predictive modelling such as groundwater potential mapping has not yet been investigated. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of GAM model and then its comparison with three popular GIS-based bivariate statistical methods, namely Frequency Ratio (FR), Statistical Index (SI) and Weight-of-Evidence (WOE) for producing groundwater spring potential map (GSPM) in Lorestan Province Iran. To achieve this, out of 6439 existed springs, 4291 spring locations were selected for training phase and the remaining 2147 springs for model evaluation. Next, the thematic layers of 12 effective spring parameters including altitude, plan curvature, slope angle, slope aspect, drainage density, distance from rivers, topographic wetness index, fault density, distance from fault, lithology, soil and land use/land cover were mapped and integrated using the ArcGIS 10.2 software to generate a groundwater prospect map using mentioned approaches. The produced GSPMs were then classified into four distinct groundwater potential zones, namely low, moderate, high and very high classes. The results of the analysis were finally validated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve technique. The results indicated that out of four models, SI is superior (prediction accuracy of 85.4%) following by FR, GAM and WOE, respectively (prediction accuracy of 83.7, 77 and 76.3%). The result of groundwater spring potential map is helpful as a guide for engineers in water resources management and land use planning in order to select suitable areas to implement development schemes and also government entities.     

无人机倾斜摄影测量技术在不动产更新测绘中的应用

随着不动产登记管理的要求日益提高,对不动产数据的现势性、准确性、时效性有了更高的要求。采用全站仪、RTK外业碎部采集内业编图方法为主要手段获取不动产数据,其周期较长而且投入的人力、物力比较大,已经较难适应现代化管理需要。本文通过采用无人机倾斜摄影测量技术测绘1：500地形图,不仅能够达到不动产数据测绘精度要求,而且具有快速、便捷、灵活、成果丰富等特点,能够较好地快速解决不动产登记需要。试验表明关键技术应用较为成熟,效益明显,具有良好的推广应用价值。     

数字成图资源的重组规则与工程化效能

提出了一种数字成图属性资源重组规则以及由此产生的工程化效能。它是对要素的GIS属性、图形属性以及数字成图过程的状态属性和产品输出的特征属性等,面向任务(一体化或分工)实施集成和重组,形成生产过程的属性资源规则,并以此规则约束任何进入的外部数据。即在数字成图生产之前就形成了统一的要素属性参数集,作为所有参与任务作业个体的作业资源公共标准。为实现具有工程化特征的数字成图生产工艺奠定完备的分类参数模型基础。     

Mapping of bauxite mineral deposits in the northern region of Saudi Arabia by using Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer satellite data

Mineral deposit mapping is very essential for sustainable and eco-friendly exploitation of natural resources. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has abundant natural resources such as natural gas, oil and minerals. It reserves high quantity of minerals such as phosphates, bauxites, copper, gold and other industrial minerals. The red soil regions located in Hail and Qassim provinces of Saudi Arabia have rich amount of bauxite (major aluminum ore) deposits. In order to initiate the focus on mapping of mineral deposits along this area, standardized hyper-spectral analysis has been carried out by using Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) satellite data. The spectral signature of gibbsite (major element in bauxite) samples is analyzed with reference to the spectral features of gibbsite in the visible near infrared and short-wave infrared bands electromagnetic spectrum. Advanced hyper-spectral transformations such as minimum noise fraction function and pixel purity index have been performed to identify the target end-member. The existence of the mineral is confirmed by comparing the spectral signatures of the end-member with the predefined spectral plots of ASTER and United States Geological Survey spectral libraries. Finally, the end-members are mapped and their abundance is estimated in 0–1 scale. The study has opened up new areas for mapping of bauxite deposits in the area and leads to eco-friendly exploitation of natural resources. It also validates the high potential of ASTER multispectral satellite data for the exploration and mapping of mineral resources.     

Role of satellite remote sensing in land system mapping,land resources inventory and land use planning: A sample study of kemang river basin,Arunachal Pradesh

Here an attempt has been made to highlight the importance of satellite remote sensing in land system mapping, land resources inventory and land use planning of a sample river basin (in Arunachal Pradesh) covering an area of 10,186 sq. km. The (Kemang) river basin has been divided intofour land systems viz : structural, denudational, piedmont and fluvial. Each system has been analysed with respect toeight land water-land use (resource) parameters for proper land use and environmental management of the river basin. A tentative‘productivity/development strategy ranking’ is also given for optimum planning of the basin.     

自然资源管理背景下的时空大数据平台建设

由于自然资源机构改革,测绘地理信息工作成为自然资源统一管理工作的组成部分。时空大数据平台如何在新的组织机构下发挥作用,是当前急需研究的问题。为此,本文在分析了自然资源管理的需求后,提出了时空大数据平台建设的技术路线和时空大数据服务自然资源管理的建设思路。     

基于ArcEngine的油气专题制图系统设计与实现

为进一步提升国土资源管理工作数字化水平,及时反映全国各石油公司矿区管理现状和各类油气资源勘查开采成果,按照国土资源部油气中心对自动化制图的具体需求,在深入研究ArcEngine功能和特点的基础上,提出一种基于ArcGIS平台的石油天然气专题自动制图系统的设计方案,利用油气矿权区块空间位置信息、地理底图、制图模板以及当前油气资源各类属性信息,制作油气管理专题地图。经运行测试,制图效果美观科学,系统操作简洁流畅,全面满足石油天然气专题制图要求,实现"以图管矿"。     

Prioritization of watersheds using morphometric parameters and assessment of surface water potential using remote sensing

In the present study, prioritization of sub-watersheds was carried out on the basis of sediment production rate. Further, basic hydrologic information such as peak rate of runoff and annual surface water potential were also assessed for the study watersheds and these are essential requisites for effective watershed management. The 10 sub watersheds of Tarai development project area are selected for the present study. Morphometric parameters pertaining to study area are used in the estimation of sediment production rate. The sediment production rate in the study area varies between 2.45 to 11.0 ha-m/100 km²/year. The remote sensing data has been utilized for generating land use/land cover data which is an essential prerequisite for land and water resource planning and development. The remote sensing data can especially play significant role in collection of real time information from remote areas of river basins for generation of parameters required for hydrologic modeling.     

Geomorphological analysis for inventory of degraded lands in a river basin of basaltic terrain using remote sensing and GIS

In recent years, the use of remotely sensed data and Geographic Information System (GIS) applications has been found increasing in a wide range of resources inventory, mapping, analysis, monitoring and environmental management. Remote sensing data provides an opportunity for better observation and systematic analysis of terrain conditions following the synoptic and multi-spectral coverage. In the present study, the geomorphological analysis reveals that various denudational and depositional landforms have been analysed and mapped. The soil depth ranges from extremely shallow in isolated mounds to very deep in the pediplains. Based on the slope gradient, morphometry, soil depth, vegetation cover and image characteristics of standard FCC imagery of IRS-1D LISS-III data, four categories of eroded lands i.e., very severe, severe, moderate and nil to slight have been identified and mapped. The integrated analysis of slope, geomorphology and degraded lands layers in GIS revealed that the pediplains, rolling plains and subdued plateau are associated with very severe land degradation and accounts for 6.05%, 3.85% and 3.47% of total area respectively. The analysis of percentage of degraded lands at geomorphic sub unit level indicates that severe land degradation process is dominant in the dissected ridges, isolated mounds, escarpments and plateau spurs. The remote sensing data and GIS based detailed geomorphological and degraded lands analysis ensure better understanding of landform-eroded lands relationship and distribution to assess the status of land degradation at micro geomorphic unit for reclamation, geo-environmental planning and management. Similar study also helps in the areas of natural resource management, environmental planning and management, watershed management and hazards monitoring and mitigation.     

Estimation of the Aerial Cover of Seagrasses of Lakshadweep Islands (India) Using Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS P6 LISS IV)

Seagrasses ecosystems are fragile yet highly productive ecosystems of the world showing declining trend throughout the world due to natural and anthropogenic pressures. Effective conservation and management plan is thus required to protect these resources, to aid with conservation need mapping and monitoring of seagrasses using high resolution remote sensing data is very much required. Hence, the present study was made to record the seagrass aerial cover in the Lakshadweep islands using IRS P6 LISS IV satellite data. The suitability of LISS IV sensor for seagrass mapping was tested for the first time with an overall accuracy of 73.16%. The study found an area of 2590.2?ha of seagrasses in Lakshadweep islands with 1310.8?ha and 1279.4?ha dense and sparse seagrass cover respectively. The study recommends the use of LISS IV data for mapping the shallow water seagrasses, as mapping efficiency increases nearly 4 times more than the LISS III data, as the former (LISS IV) picks up the small patches of seagrasses and delineates the coral and reef vegetation patches from seagrass class.