隧道-土-隧道轴向动力相互作用的一个解析解

本文采用波函数展开法给出弹性半空间中隧道-土-隧道轴向动力相互作用的一个解析解,并通过对地表位移残差的收敛性分析对解析解的精度进行了验证。研究了隧道埋深、隧道质量、隧道间距、波入射频率和入射角度等参数对隧道轴向动力响应的影响。研究表明,隧道埋深越小,隧道动力响应越大;隧道质量越大,隧道动力响应越大;隧道间距越小,隧道动力响应越大,但隧道间距的影响并不是单调变化,与波入射频率密切相关,两个隧道情况动力响应幅值可达单隧道情况的2.7倍。当隧道间距较小时,地下隧道的抗震设计需要考虑隧道之间的影响。     

考虑水-桩-土相互作用的单桩式海上风机结构系统自振频率解析解

海上风机结构系统频率是海上风机结构和基础设计考虑的关键因素之一,桩-土相互作用对海上风机结构系统频率影响显著。基于欧拉-伯努利梁理论和传递矩阵方法,考虑水-桩-土相互作用及塔筒变截面特性,建立单桩式海上风机结构系统横向振动自振频率特征方程;将桩-水相互作用等效为附加质量、桩-土相互作用等效为线性弹簧,变截面塔筒等效为多段均匀梁,利用MATLAB中fsolve函数求解固有频率。通过与有限元分析结果进行对比,验证本文方法精度与有效性,并将本文方法应用于实际工程中,研究桩基础埋深、上部质量、转动惯量和桩-水相互作用对单桩式海上风机结构系统自振频率的影响。     

土-结构动力相互作用研究综述

土与结构动力相互作用是当代力学领域的前沿性研究课题,具有很强的实践性。对土与结构动力相互作用的研究历史与现状进行了介绍,简要综述了当前土与结构动力相互作用的研究方法,重点介绍了目前关于土与结构动力相互作用问题中从无限域转化成有限域的人工边界研究进展问题,并对该领域今后的研究工作提出了建议。     

土-桩-隔震结构非线性动力相互作用分析方法综述

近年来,土-桩-隔震结构非线性动力相互作用成为结构抗震领域热点研究问题之一。首先,在回顾现有土-桩-隔震结构非线性动力相互作用研究的基础上,分析国内外学者针对土-桩-隔震结构动力相互作用采用的主要分析方法,包括理论分析法、整体时程分析法、模型试验法及能量分析法;然后,系统地总结了目前考虑土-结构相互作用的隔震结构动力反应相关研究成果;最后,分析了现有研究存在的不足及亟待解决的问题,并给出相关研究建议。     

桩-土动力相互作用分析模型的对比分析

本文对常用的刚结模型、铰结模型、接触模型、简化模型和弹簧模型五种桩-土动力相互作用分析模型进行了对比研究,分析发现：不同的分析模型有不同的适用范围,在桩-土动力相互作用分析时应根据所关心的问题选用不同的分析模型。本文给出了选择模型的建议,一般优先采用接触模型,次优为铰结模型。     

考虑土-结构动力相互作用后水平地震作用折减问题的研究

了国内外有关土－结构动力相互作用问题的研究概况,对国内外抗震设计规范中有关土－结构动力相互作用的条文进行了分析,指出了我国《８９规范》第４、２、６条考虑土－结构动力相互作用中存在的问题;结合作者的研究成果和规范修订工作,重点讨论了考虑土－结构动力作用条件下水平地震作用折减系数的计算问题。     

大型渡槽考虑土-结构相互作用的动力分析

根据某大型渡槽采用桩基础的结构特点,采用集中弹簧模型考虑土－结构相互作用;渡槽槽身采用薄壁梁段单元进行离散,考虑了渡槽槽身开口薄壁结构的横向变扭耦合振动、约束扭转变表等结构自身特性;渡槽支架采用空间梁单元进行模拟。文章建立了大型渡槽的动力方程,对比计算了考虑土－结构相互作用与不考虑土－结构相互作用渡槽模态和地震响应的差异,计算结果表明：考虑土－结构相互作用后,虽然对大型渡槽的模态和地震应应有所影响     

液化土-桩-承台结构横向动力响应分析方法研究综述

总结了地震作用下桩基震害现象以及液化土-桩-承台结构动力相互作用,针对目前国内外研究现状提出存在的主要问题以及需进一步研究的内容。分析了液化土中桩基横向动力响应的研究方法,指出了各种方法的优缺点和存在的主要问题,讨论了今后的发展趋势。     

线性土-结构动力相互作用时域-频域联合解法

提出一种线性土-结构动力相互作用时域-频域联合解法．首先,用近场波动数值模拟解耦技术求得在短时脉冲作用下采用Rayleigh阻尼系统的时域解;再对时域解进行富立叶变换得到相应频域解;然后根据阻尼与系统动力反应结果的关系,利用泰勒级数展开技术得到具有复阻尼系统的频域解．这一方法充分利用了时域解耦显式算法的优点,提高了线性土 结构动力相互作用分析的计算效率．     

接触对桩-土-结构动力相互作用体系的影响

为了考察桩-土接触效应对结构地震反应的影响,利用有限元软件ABAQUS建立了土-桩-框架二维有限元模型,分别采用损伤塑性模型和动力粘塑性记忆型嵌套面模型模拟混凝土和土体,利用rebar单元模拟混凝土内的钢筋,取得了较好的计算效果.计算分析中采用19条不同频谱的地震波记录,考虑了地震动强度、桩径、摩擦系数等因素,以层间位移角和桩顶最大位移为主要评价指标,揭示相互作用体系的动力响应特性.分析认为,计算结果对桩、土摩擦系数的取值不敏感;不考虑土-桩接触时,近场土体的动力反应与实际情况存在一定的误差,且上部结构和桩基的动力反应会被低估,应该考虑桩-土动力接触效应;地震动强度增加时,随着结构进入塑性状态,低估程度减小;桩径增加时,低估程度没有显著变化,虽然桩基和上部结构的反应都有所减小.     

管土动力相互作用分析

相互作用问题是地下管线动力分析中的重点和难点。本文借助于大型有限元软件ABAQUS/Standard中的管土相互作用单元(Pipe-soil interaction element,简称PSI单元)并利用直剪试验实测的接触面本构关系,对管线与土体之间的相互作用进行了数值模拟研究,计算得到了地下管线在动力作用下的内力和变形。分析结果与试验结果的对比表明,本文方法具有良好的计算精度,对地下管线的分析和设计具有参考意义。     

3-D dynamic foundation-soil-foundation interaction on layered soil

In this work the interaction between adjacent rigid, surface foundations resting on a viscoelastic layered soil medium is studied. A 3-D frequency domain BEM formulation in conjunction with infinite space fundamental solutions and the so called `successive stiffness method', initially developed for elastostatics and adapted here for the solution of elastodynamic problems, are used for the simulation of a layered soil medium. As a result, a discretization of the soil-foundation interface and the surrounding free surface as well as the soil layers' interfaces is necessary. However, it is shown in this work that reasonably accurate results can be obtained by using a substantially reduced discretization scheme involving only a small portion of the free surface surrounding the foundation and the corresponding interfaces of the soil layers. The presented numerical results demonstrate the importance of the dynamic foundation-soil-foundation interaction phenomenon which becomes even more pronounced where the supporting soil medium is made up of relatively shallow layers close to its free surface.     

远场地震作用下桩间横向动力相互作用的研究

在远场地震作用下单桩横向地震响应研究的基础上,引入相互作用因子,研究了远场地震作用下成层地基中桩与桩的横向动力相互作用,得到了桩间距、桩土刚度比、桩顶约束条件、瑞利波入射角度、震动频率是影响群桩横向动力相互作用主要因素的结论,为进一步研究远场地震作用下群桩的横向地震响应打下了基础。     

Analytical solution of transient flow in a sloping soil layer with recharge

Abstract

An analytical solution of planar flow in a sloping soil layer described by the linearized extended Boussinesq equation is presented. The solution consists of the sum of steady-state and transient-series solutions, the latter in a separation-of-variables form, and can satisfy an arbitrary initial condition via collocation; this feature reduces the number of series terms, making the solution efficient. Key parameter is the dimensionless linearization depth η _o (R), R being the dimensionless recharge. The variable η _o (R), not the slope, characterizes the flow as kinematic or diffusive, and R ≈ 0.2 demarcates the two regimes. The transient series converges rapidly for large η _o (large R, near-diffusive flow) and slowly as η _o → 0 (kinematic flow). The quasi-steady (QS) state method of Verhoest & Troch is also analysed and it is shown that the QS depth profiles approximate the transient ones well, only if Δt exceeds a system-dependent transition time between flow states (possibly >>1 day). In an application example for a 30-day recharge series, the QS solution differs from the transient one by as much as 20% (RMSE = 15%), does not track recharge changes as well and fails to conserve mass.     

液化区埋地管线的数值模拟分析

利用ANSYS有限元分析软件,建立了由场地土液化引起的地下管道上浮反应的分析模型。用土弹簧模型模拟地下管道的受力特点,考虑了管土之间相互作用的非线性特征,通过算例分析了管道在发生上浮反应时的应力应变曲线,探讨了液化区埋地管道在发生上浮位移时的受力特征,得出了一些有意义的结果。主要有:管线的应力应变以轴向为主,并且管顶和管底的受力最大,管侧相对于管顶和管底轴向应力应变很小可以忽略;最大应变位于液化区和非液化区交界处;管线中点处等效应力达到极值等等。     

Nonlinear analysis for dynamic lateral pile response

An analysis of pile lateral response to transient dynamic loading and to harmonic loading is presented allowing for nonlinear soil behavior, discontinuity conditions at the pile-soil interface and energy dissipation through different types of damping. Furthermore, the effect of neighbouring piles is taken into account for piles in a group. The validity of the approach was examined and a reasonable agreement with field tests and more rigorous solutions was found. Equivalent linear stiffness and damping parameters of single piles and interaction factors for approximate nonlinear analysis are presented.     

Analytical layer-element solution to axisymmetric dynamic response of transversely isotropic multilayered half-space

Starting with the governing equations of motion and the constitutive equations of transversely isotropic elastic body, and based on the corresponding algebraic operations and the Hankel transform, the analytical layer-elements of a finite layer and a half-space are obtained in the transformed domain. According to the continuity conditions between adjacent layers, the global stiffness matrix equation is obtained by assembling the analytical layer-element of each single layer. The solutions in the transformed domain are acquired by introducing the boundary conditions into the global stiffness matrix equation, and thus, the corresponding solutions in frequency domain are achieved by taking the inversion of Hankel transform. Finally, some numerical examples are given to illustrate the accuracy of the proposed method, and to study the influence of properties and the frequency of excitation on the dynamic response of the medium.     

Pipe–soil interaction for segmented buried pipelines subjected to dip faults

This paper describes an investigation of pipe–soil interaction equations suggested by currently used pipeline seismic design codes and the applicability of these equations to segmented pipelines. The results of computer‐aided analyses were compared to results obtained in full‐scale experiments on a segmented ductile iron pipeline 93 mm in diameter and 15 m in length. The pipeline was installed 600 mm below the ground surface in a sandy soil compacted to two different subgrade reaction values. The type of fault considered was a reverse fault with an intersection angle of 60° with the pipeline, and the fault movement was a total of 350 mm in three same steps in the fault trace direction. The findings of this study demonstrate the necessity of considering the nature of soil behavior in pipe–soil interaction equations and the effects of connection joints on the integrated response of pipelines to fault‐induced ground deformations. A new combination of equations constituting a direction‐wise selection from among the equations proposed by currently used guidelines is introduced as a new series to describe pipe–soil interaction for segmented pipelines and is verified using the results of full‐scale experiments. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地下结构抗震计算地基弹簧系数取值方法研究

荷载-结构模型是地下结构抗震计算中常采用的模型,模型中地基弹簧系数的确定是关键。为了简便、可靠地计算地基弹簧系数,在已有基床系数计算公式的基础上,建立了地基弹簧系数的经验计算公式,以有限元分析结果为数据基础,对公式的系数进行拟合,将公式拓展用于成层土体。选取算例验证了建议公式的合理性和准确性,分别采用建议公式、日本抗震准则公式以及有限元法计算了某地铁区间站结构的地基弹簧系数,并对在此基础上计算所得的地震作用下结构的内力进行了对比分析。