Major problems of sustainable development along the bank area of the Changjiang River

TheChangiiangRiverisrichinfreshwaterandwaterpowerresources,themeanrunoffandwaterpoweroftheriverareabout37%and52%respectivelyoftotalonesofChina.Inaddition,theChanaiiangRiverhastheimmensenavigationpotentialandvaluableshorelineresources,thenavigablelengthreaches364okmandtheallshorelinelengthisabout6OOokmfromYihinCitytotheestuary.Moreover,theChangiiangRiver,withtheadvantagesofsuitablelocationandbroadhinterland,crossesEast,MiddleandWestEco-nomicZonewithdifferenteconomiclevelsofChina,soitsuniq…     

“海上丝绸之路”沿线重要港口区位优势度评估

评估“海上丝绸之路”沿线港口的区位优势度,对于港口及其腹地基础设施合理规划、港口未来投资预判以及推进“一带一路”倡议有重要意义。本文从海陆联运的视角出发,综合考虑港口腹地的路网密度、交通干线影响度、城市影响度、航运战略枢纽影响度和航运战略通道影响度等五个因素,构建港口区位优势度评价模型来对“海上丝绸之路”沿线重要港口进行区位优势度分析。研究发现：① “海上丝绸之路”沿线港口的区位优势度区域化差异显著,从东向西总体呈“高-低-高”的空间分布格局;② 从世界分区的视角看,东南亚区域港口区位优势最高,其次为南欧至西欧、南亚、北非、西亚等地区,东非至南非区域港口区位优势度最低;③ 港口各区位影响因素的评价结果空间分布特征差异显著,其中港口区位优势度分布特征与交通干线影响度、城市影响度的相关性较大。研究结果可为海外港口基础设施的投资建设过程提供科学支撑。     

PRESENT SITUATION，FEATURE AND DEVELOPMENTAL IDEAS OF BORDER OPENING IN XINJIANG

ＰＲＥＳＥＮＴＳＩＴＵＡＴＩＯＮ，ＦＥＡＴＵＲＥＡＮＤＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴＡＬ　ＩＤＥＡＳＯＦＢＯＲＤＥＲＯＰＥＮＩＮＧＩＮＸＩＮＪＩＡＮＧＸｉｅＸｉａｎｇｆａｎｇ（谢香方）；ＬｉＣｈｕｎｈｕａ（李春华）（ＸｉｎｊｉａｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅ...     

“一带一路”沿线国家农田生态系统脆弱性及其对气候变化的响应

全球气候变化背景下,“一带一路”沿线国家农田生态系统脆弱性直接影响着所在国家或地区的粮食安全问题。本文基于农田生态系统总初级生产力（GPP）,使用定量的脆弱性评价方法,系统分析了“一带一路”沿线国家农田生态系统脆弱性的空间分布特征及其对气候变化的响应。结果表明：① “一带一路”沿线国家农田生态系统脆弱性普遍处于较高的程度,77.1%的农田生态系统表现为中度和重度脆弱,且农田生态系统脆弱性呈现出明显的空间分异格局,中亚、西亚和蒙古脆弱性较高,中国、东南亚和南亚的脆弱性处于中等水平,俄罗斯、独联体和中东欧脆弱性较低;② 1980年以来“一带一路”沿线农田生态系统暖干化趋势明显,暖干化区域面积占64.06%,暖干化是“一带一路”沿线国家农田生态系统气候变化的主要特征;③ 农田生态系统脆弱性由低到高的气候变化区依次为暖湿区、冷湿区、暖干区、冷干区。暖湿区农田生态系统脆弱性最低,而冷干区农田生态系统脆弱性最高。气温和降水的变化及其耦合关系控制着农田生态系统脆弱性程度,其中降水变化趋势是影响农田生态系统脆弱性的重要因子。本研究为“一带一路”沿线国家应对和解决粮食安全问题,促进农业可持续发展,为加强各国之间的农业国际合作提供科学依据和有益参考。     

Vulnerability and sustainable development mode of coal cities in Northeast China

In this study, by carrying on the spot investigation to the seven coal cities in Northeast China and interviewing with the local authority and the residents, the authors definite the vulnerability that is closed to exposure, sensitivity and resilience, and set up vulnerability model of coal cities in Northeast China. At the same time, the authors broadly illustrate how the components of natural-social-economic system act in the coal area, so as to probe the ways to reduce vulnerability more effectively, such as preferential national policy and so on. Furthermore, the article studies the relationship between vulnerability and sustainable development. Vulnerability is a spatio-temporal function of sustainable development. The regional sustainable development refrains the spiral ascending of vulnerability. And the regional vulnerability and sustainable development appear in turn. Then the article analyzes the natural vulnerability, social vulnerability and economic vulnerability of coal cities in Northeast China. At last, combing vulnerability model and situation of coal cities in Northeast China, the authors put forward regional technology innovation mode, multi-dimension structure transformation mode, attracting investment mode and recycling economy mode to reduce vulnerability.     

ECONOMIC EXCHANGES AND SECTORAL AND INTER—CITY COOPERATION IN NORTHEAST ASIA

Northeast Asia with China ,Japan and South Korea as the main components has drawn more and more atten-tion worldwide.Many scholars have researchec on the prospect of some alternatives of regional economic integration in Northeast Asia/or Yellow Sea Rin as its core area.In this paper the authors start with an introduction of the major arguments embracing Yellow Sea Rim regionalism,and attemptto identify the dynamics challenging the proposed approach-es of sub-regionalism of Northeast Asia.The paper firstly gives a brief review on the undate development of bilateral econom-ic exchanges,mainly Sino-Japanese and Sino-South Korean trades and direct investments with related contemporary is-sues.When the changing pattern of economic interactions is analyzed,special concerns are given to the possibility to real-ize the supposed potential of regional economic cooperation mainly based on economic complementarity among the related regions of China ,North Korea,South Korea,and Japan.The authors then made their major efforts on putting forward possible approaches of multilateral cooperation of three countries in the near future,that is ,deepened cooperation in select-ed sectors of industry and transportation and coordinated development among major cities.The authors stress that the develop-ment of sub-regional sectoral cooperation and the formation of interactive network of city-regions via social and economic interactions at local level are significant to the future regional integrated development in Northeast Asia..     

EVOLVEMENT OF URBAN SPATIAL STRUCTURE AND MAIN DRIVES IN WUXI, CHINA

1IN TR O D U C TIO NC hina, as a developing country, is experiencing rapidpopulation grow th and land expansion,w hich has gen-erated considerable governm entalconcernsand scholar-ly attention (FA ZA L,2000).R esearchers have revealeda m assive increase i…     

新时期中华民族精神的培育

民族精神是一个民族赖以生存和发展的精神支撑。建设中国特色的社会主义现代化事业是一项前无古人的伟大创举 ,它更加需要一种积极向上的民族精神的支撑。培育新时期的中华民族精神是我们的一项重要任务 ,在培育民族精神的时候应该继承民族文化的优秀传统 ,吸收其他民族文化的优秀成分 ,同时又要使民族精神保持与时俱进 ,不断丰富和发展     

东亚海区域海洋环境保护法律制度的构建

东亚海区域是中国周边海域之一,区域内的海洋环境状况关系到中国海洋利益的实现。基于区域内复杂的政治利益和经济利益格局,区域海洋环境保护在法律上的进展几近停滞。在对区域内海洋环境状况、政治利益格局和经济利益格局分析之后,提出区域内的海洋环境保护虽然面临重重障碍,但海洋环境保护法律制度的构建不可或缺。在构建该法律制度时,本区域可向具有类似特点的地中海汲取经验;中国也应该积极参与并推进海洋环境保护法律制度的构建,以保障本国在此区域内利益的最佳实现。     

区域可持续发展的指标、标准和限制

世界各国包括俄罗斯在内已经出版了大量关于可持续发展的理论研究方面的书籍。但总体而言,在不同结构层次(全球、国家、区域和地方)的可持续发展模型中,区域水平上的模型可能是最复杂和最基础的层次。本文在构建可持续发展模型的框架下,给出了一个区域经济、社会和生态发展的指标体系、标准和限制,并建立了一套评价区域自然资源潜力及其动态变化的方法。首先,对区域层次上达到可持续发展的条件和内容进行分析。其次,给出一个区域经济、社会和生态发展的框架。其中区域发展的经济质量是指其自身资源状况所带来的区域发展能力;区域发展的社会质量是指由区域的人口潜力和社会结构所带来的在一个长时期内稳定的区域人口以及由此提供的高标准生活质量的能力;区域发展的生态质量是指在一个长时期内区域保持其自然资源潜力和高质量环境的能力。区域可持续发展是在一个长时期内(10年)区域高质量的发展,在区域发展质量水平上进行可持续性和平衡性的评价是必要的,为此建立三者之间适当的比例关系。第三,为反映区域间发展的差异,对区域内的经济、社会等进行自然-经济区划以及对每个分区进行相应的指标的计算。这些绝对和相对的可持续发展比率反映了一定时期内实际的状态距离标准值的程度,刻画了区域发展的质量特征。如果这种比率发生变化,或者相对标准值发生动态改变,那么这些比率就可以评估发展的稳定性,以及同时反映了区域发展在质量上的提高或者降低。第四,区域自然资源潜力及其动态变化的评价。第一步是进行局部自然资源分区和把国土自然资源系统作为最复杂的评价对象进行整体考虑。然后对每一个自然资源系统进行动态平衡的计算(这种平衡反映了自然资源的动态和状态)。自然资源潜在的变化可以用实际的或者预测的数据进行计算。     

东北亚资源环境综合科学考察数据集成体系的构建

 东北亚区域是一个资源相对集中,生态环境格局复杂,气候地带性多样,人地关系对比显著的区域。集成该区域的资源环境综合科学考察数据,对于支撑全球变化等前沿科学研究和区域可持续发展等具有重要意义。针对该区域数据资源缺乏的现状,研究构建了包括三大体系的东北亚资源环境综合科学考察数据集成系统,即数据资源采集与管理标准规范体系、数据分类体系、数据应用平台软件体系。其中,标准规范体系包括数据采集规范、数据管理规范和综合考察规范3类共23项;数据分类体系包括4个大类、25个小类、128个要素;数据平台软件系统包括数据目录检索管理、元数据管理、数据发布与可视化、数据浏览与获取等5个功能模块;鉴此,用地理信息技术和网络技术,实现了东北亚资源环境综合科学考察数据集成原型系统。目前,已集成144个数据集(库),数据量超过2TB,为东北亚综合科学考察数据的深度集成和应用奠定基础。     

Regional distribution and sustainable development strategy of mineral resources in China

This paper summarizes the distribution and production layout of the major mineral resources in China,including coal,iron ore,copper and bauxite,from a national perspective.It also identifies the incompatibility between the mineral resources distribution and regional economic development.Significant issues with China’s mineral resource industry cause challenges for the sustainable development of both the mining industry and the national socio-economy.The sustainability of regional mineral resources and the environmental pollution by mining in the western China were also analyzed.Results show that the distribution of China’s mineral resources is misaligned with its regional layout of economic development.China’s mineral resources have been over-exploited,and the mineral resources production in the eastern China is unsustainable.The continuously expanding production of mineral resources in the western China has heavily endangered the ecological environment.We propose strategies to boost the sustainable development of mineral resources,including measures to accelerate economic development and enhance the sustainability of domestic mineral resources.We also offer suggestions for scientifically planning the mineral resource prospecting and exploitation and regional economic layout,as well as for proactively undertaking industry transfer in the eastern China and raising the environmental benchmark requirements for the mineral industry in the central and western China.     

“一带一路”成员国居民健康状况的时空统计分析

健康是影响不同国家和地区发展的关键因素,全面了解“一带一路”成员国的居民健康状况,是探讨“一带一路”成员国之间健康医疗合作的重要基础。本文选择了4个代表性的健康状况指标（出生期望寿命、总生育率、过早非传染性疾病死亡率和结核病发病率）,利用Moran's I指数、Getis-Ord G指数对“一带一路”135个成员国的健康状况进行时空统计,分析了健康状况的空间相关性和空间分布模式,研究了健康状况的时空格局。研究发现：① 2000—2016年“一带一路”大部分成员国的各项健康状况指标均朝着改善和优化方向发展;健康状况指标均呈现显著的正空间自相关性;② 总体而言,在“一带一路”成员国中,欧洲国家的居民健康状况最好;南北美洲和大洋洲国家的居民健康状况良好;亚洲国家的居民健康状况总体良好,但东南亚部分国家的结核病发病率较高;非洲国家的居民健康状况虽有明显改善,但仍处于较低状态。因此,“一带一路”成员国应进一步加强健康医疗合作,共同推动健康丝绸之路的发展。     

Research Agenda for Understanding Transboundary Ecosystem Changes and Eco-security in Southwestern China

Introduction One of the foremost challenges facing the world in the 21st century is maintaining global ecosystem diversity. This requires thorough understanding of ecosystem vulnerability and resilience. Economic globalization has forced nations to consid…     

Spatial Impact of High-speed Railway on the Urban Scale:An Empirical Analysis from Northeast China

The emergence of rapid transit, primarily represented by high-speed railway(HSR), while reshaping the regional traffic patterns, leads to the reconstruction and redistribution of population and industry. This leads to either shrinkage or expansion of urban scale. However, research on the influence mechanisms of the urban scale has mostly concentrated on historical, economic and social factors. The influence of traffic factors is rarely mentioned in current research. Therefore, this study examines Northeast China, where the change in urban scale is most significant, to discuss the spatial impact of high-speed railway on the urban scale. This is of great significance in terms of enriching current understanding of the factors affecting the urban scale. The results included the following: 1) The high-speed railway produced considerable space-time convergence effects, however, simultaneously aggravated the imbalance in traffic development in Northeast China. The increase in accessibility presents attenuation characteristics from the high-speed railway. Additionally, the high-speed railway has changed the mode of cooperation between cities in the provinces, inter-regional and inter-provincial cooperation models gradually become popular. 2) The change rate of accessibility and the urban scale present significant spatial coupling phenomena, with the change rate of the Harbin-Dalian trunk lines and its surroundings being more significant. 3) There are predominantly four modes of the influence of high-speed railway on the urban scale, which make difference city present expansion or shrinkage.     

THE CHARACTERISTICS AND MAIN PROBLEMSOF MINORITY REGIONS IN CHINA

llNTRODUCTION with a hlgherpercentage ofmlnorlty people．The aim o且the paper Is to trace out the ways ofnarrowing the gapsIn this paper，the central and western parts o且 between minority regions and eastern developed regions乙hlna mainly cover eight minority provinces and regions and of safeguarding social stability In China．（the bye autonomous regions of Inner Mongolia。Guangxi，Tibet，Xinjiang and Ningxia，and thr。e 2 CHAHA…     

Policy review and outlook on China’s sustainable development since 1992

The Road to Rio+20 is the journey of countries in the world pursuing the sustainable development.As the first country to release the national Agenda 21,China’s experience and lessons are of great significance for both China itself and other countries.The paper reviews the progress made and problems remained in pursuing the sustainable development in China with regard to policy formulation,institutional arrangements,planning and management.In the past five years,the mandatory targets-driven approach,which focused on energy efficiency and key pollutants reduction,played a very important role and made China comprehensive outcomes for sustainability.In order to achieve the targets,China adopted an integrated policy package including legal,administrative,economic and technology instruments.During the 12th Five-Year Plan period(2011-2015),China will continue and strengthen the approach above and mainstream the transformation of economic development pattern through realizing the idea of green and low-carbon development.By summarizing policy trends in the world,the paper points out two directions,i.e.,integration approach and taking prioritized and concrete actions for a sustainable future beyond 2012.The paper also presents policy approaches and recommendations for sustainable development in the next 10 years in China.     

“一带一路”经济走廊资源环境信息开发利用研究进展与展望

六大经济走廊是“一带一路”倡议的战略支柱,该区域横跨亚、欧、非大陆,涉及国家众多,地理条件千差万别,资源环境本底复杂。通过对沿线区域资源环境信息进行系统性、全面性的揭示,能够为科学推进“一带一路”倡议实施提供至关重要的决策支持作用。本文提出了面向协同创新的“一带一路”空间信息服务系统框架,综述了“一带一路”经济走廊地区在资源环境信息开发利用进展,具体包括资源环境格局与时空演变、联合国可持续发展目标监测与评价、防灾减灾知识服务关键技术应用、资源环境信息集成与共享、新冠疫情对经济社会发展影响,进而展望了其发展趋势和潜在的研究方向,为“一带一路”经济走廊的可持续发展提供决策支持。     

Peripheral challenge in container port system: A case study of Pearl River Delta

The growth of peripheral ports to dominant hubs has been well documented in North America and Europe,and has led to the elaboration of several theoretical models.However,although changes in containerization growth have been taking place in the South and East Asia in recent years,particularly in China,only a few studies have fo-cused on this region.The Pearl(Zhujiang) River Delta(PRD) has a typical port system with hub and peripheral ports,and provides an excellent case for studying the Peripheral Challenge.This paper introduces the theoretical evidence of the Hayuth model and analyzes the evolution of the container port system in the PRD with five phases:1) phase I:preconditions for change and phase II:initial container port development in the 1970s and early 1980s;2) phase III:diffusion,consolidation,and port concentration in the middle and late 1980s;3) phase IV:the load center in the 1990s;and(4) phase V:the Peripheral Challenge since the late 1990s.The results illustrate that the Shenzhen port presents mounting challenges to the Hong Kong port,descending from a transshipment hub of China to a regional load center of Southeast China.Furthermore,this paper explores five points that have led to the evolution of the port system in the PRD:1) competition in the regional port systems;2) different interested parties;3) shift of investment strategies of in-ternational terminal operators;4) integration of shipping networks and reorganization of carriers;and 5) cost-based competition.     

全台网垂直摆倾斜仪背景噪声水平分析

利用全台网垂直摆倾斜仪的观测数据,研究不同采样率对功率谱密度结果的影响,并对不同台站、不同类型仪器连续观测数据在地震频段（200~600 s）的背景噪声水平进行着重分析。结果表明：1）不论是单个测站还是全国台网的统计结果,均显示2类垂直摆在地震频段噪声水平相当;2）在区域分布上未见明显规律性变化,但由于受海浪及活跃构造运动的影响,沿海地区部分台站噪声水平较高;3）高噪声水平仪器观测曲线普遍表现为不光滑、毛刺多,除部分台站受海浪影响,大多是观测环境或仪器本身的原因。