北部湾SO-50柱状沉积物地球化学特征及其物源分析

通过对北部湾SO-50柱状沉积物进行粒度、Sr-Nd同位素、主微量元素及AMS14C分析,结果表明该柱状沉积物可以划分为两段,即上段（0~540 cm,0~3.0 ka BP）和下段（540~571 cm,3.0~3.3 ka BP）,它们反映了不同的物质源区贡献。下段较上段砂含量相对较高,主量元素（除SiO₂外）及稀土元素含量相对减少,87Sr/86Sr与ε_Nd除异常点外,总体变化幅度不大。研究结果显示SO-50柱状沉积物的物质来源比较稳定,具有强烈的陆源特征,下段沉积物的源区主要是琼州海峡东侧原有沉积物的再搬运和台湾岛河流携带沉积物的混合,上段沉积物除了琼州海峡东侧和台湾岛的贡献外,周边陆区海岸侵蚀物的贡献相对加强。根据SO-50柱状沉积物的研究结果表明,北部湾东部泥质区的物质来源除了琼州海峡东侧沉积物和沿岸侵蚀物的贡献外,台湾岛河流携带的沉积物对其影响也应引起重视。     

Distribution of gamma-ray radionuclides in surface sediments of the Kongsfjorden,Arctic: Implications for sediment provenance

The Kongsfjorden is highly sensitive region to climate variability, however, the study of gamma-ray radionuclides in related areas is relatively scarce. In this study, the grain size, total organic carbon(TOC), 13 Corg isotopes, and specific activities of seven gamma nuclides were analysed in surface sediments of the Kongsfjorden in the Arctic during the summer of 2017. The specific activities of 210 Pbex, 137 Cs, 238 U, 226 Ra, 228 Ra, 228 Th, and 40 K were 12–256 Bq/kg, 0–3.8 Bq/kg, 25–42 Bq/k...     

Distribution of gamma-ray radionuclides in surface sediments of the KongsQorden,Arctic: Implications for sediment provenance

The Kongsfjorden is highly sensitive region to climate variability,however,the study of gamma-ray radionuclides in related areas is relatively scarce.In this study,the grain size,total organic carbon(TOC),13 Corg isotopes,and specific activities of seven gamma nuclides were analysed in surface sediments of the Kongsfjorden in the Arctic during the summer of 2017.The specific activities of 210 Pb_ex,137 Cs,238 U,226 Ra,228 Ra,228 Th,and 40 K were 12–256 Bq/kg,0–3.8 Bq/kg,25–42 Bq/kg,24–38 Bq/kg,22–40 Bq/kg,22–40 Bq/kg,and 354–738 Bq/kg,respectively,with average values of(121±94)Bq/kg,(2.0±1.2)Bq/kg,(34±6)Bq/kg,(32±4)Bq/kg,(32±6)Bq/kg,(33±6)Bq/kg,and(611±119)Bq/kg.This study observed a significant positive correlation(r=0.845,p<0.05)between TOC and 210 Pb_ex,highlighting the strong influence of organic matter on the distribution of 210 Pb_ex.The boundary scavenging of210 Pb from the open sea contributed 27.5%–46.2%to the total 210 Pb_ex in the sediments of the outer Kongsfjorden.The grain size was an important factor affecting the activity distribution of several radionuclides(238 U,228 Ra,228 Th,226 Ra,and 40 K).The specific activity of 137 Cs indicated the transport of terrestrial materials from the exposed area of the Kongsfjorden.The sediments in the Kongsfjorden were derived from various material contributions of glacial meltwater debris,glacial rivers,bare soil,atmospheric deposition,and marine sources.This study explains the source of the Kongsfjorden sediment and the distribution characteristics of radionuclides,and illustrateas the main factors affecting the distribution of radionuclides,which provides a reference for the behavior of polar radionuclides in future research.     

东海外陆架-陆坡-冲绳海槽不同沉积单元底质沉积物成因及物源分析

通过对东海外陆架-陆坡-冲绳海槽表层沉积物粒度和黏土矿物组成的分析, 探讨了3个不同沉积单元底质沉积物成因及物质来源。结果表明, 东海外陆架→陆坡→冲绳海槽, 沉积物粒度整体上逐渐变细。东海外陆架沉积物具有明显海滩砂或者破浪带砂的特征, 为晚更新世冰消期海侵的产物, 属于“残留沉积”。海槽西坡沉积物粒度参数具有重力流沉积特征, 反映了沉积物由外陆架向海槽以滑塌或重力流的搬运方式。海槽槽底细颗粒沉积物悬移组分占主导的特点体现了半深海沉积特征, 其主要来源于台湾和中国大陆长江、闽江等入海河流。物质来源一方面反映了黑潮对于细颗粒台湾源物质的输运的巨大作用; 另一方面体现了来源于中国大陆源细颗粒物质存在以近底侧向搬运、“冬贮夏输”悬浮搬运等多种输运机制。     

Geochemical characterization of oils and their correlation with Jurassic source rocks from the Lusitanian Basin (Portugal)

Seeking to identify the oils groups accumulated in the Jurassic of the Lusitanian Basin and the source rock of each group, stable carbon isotope and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry analyses were performed in oils and oil shows from the main discoveries, and on representative organic extracts from the potential source rocks, selected based on previous works and data obtained by total organic carbon and Rock-Eval pyrolysis techniques. The geochemical comparison between the oils, and between the oils and the organic extracts, allowed the identification of three oil groups, whose differences depend on their source rocks: oils generated at the Coimbra Formation (lower-upper Sinemurian) and accumulated in the same formation and in the Água de Madeiros Formation (upper Sinemurian-lower Pliensbachian) in the northern sector of the basin; oils originated from the top of the Cabaços Formation (middle Oxfordian) and accumulated in the Montejunto (middle-upper Oxfordian) and Abadia (lower-upper Kimmeridgian) formations, in the central and southern sectors of the basin; and oil generated and accumulated at the base of the Montejunto Formation in the central sector of the basin. The geochemical correlations between the oils and the organic extracts allowed the identification of the source rocks of the different accumulations of the Jurassic succession, allowing further guidance to the petroleum exploration in the Lusitanian Basin.     

南海表层沉积物火山玻璃分布特征与源区分析

火山碎屑是边缘海沉积的重要来源,其分布特征对研究沉积作用与构造活动具有重要意义。对南海2276个表层站位碎屑矿物分析表明,664个站位含火山玻璃,占总站位数的29.17%,其中含量最高达95.8×10−3。表层沉积物火山玻璃主要出现在南海东部海域,往西呈逐渐降低趋势。南海东部主要重矿物磁铁矿和角闪石分布与火山玻璃十分相似,表明可能具有相同的来源。这些特征表明火山玻璃主要来自菲律宾群岛。这与南海东缘的琉球-台湾-菲律宾火山－地震带的吕宋岛大量活火山分布吻合。南海南缘苏门答腊-爪哇岛弧火山-地震带,虽然第四纪火山和地震活动频发,但对表层样火山玻璃贡献不大。南海海域火山可能有少量贡献,但不是主要因素,南海北缘及西缘基本没有贡献火山玻璃。     

Mineral provinces and material provenance of the surficial sediments near the Zhongsha Islands in the South China Sea

1 IntroductionThe South China Sea is one of the northwesternPacific marginal basins, which is located atthe junc-tion region among Euro-Asia plate, Pacific plate andIndia plate. Owing to its unique geological charac-teristics, the South China Sea has beco…     

On the formation of laminated sediments on the continental margin off Pakistan: the effects of sediment provenance and sediment redistribution

The sedimentary processes and sediment sources contributing to the formation of laminated sediments along the upper slope off Pakistan are unravelled using inorganic bulk sediment geochemistry of 43 surface cores from the Pakistani continental margin and additional geochemical and Pb and Nd-isotope data for different types of layers. An important process everywhere along the margin is redeposition of fluvial-derived detritus from the shelf onto the slope. This process is of considerably higher intensity along the Makran margin than on the Indus margin. Trace element enrichment related to early diagenesis or surface productivity, which is commonly detectable in bulk sediment composition, is swamped by the high clastic supply in the Makran region, but may be observed in the Indus region.Four types of layers are found in the laminated sediment cores from the upper slope. They reflect different mechanisms of deposition and different sediment sources. An alternating pattern of olive-grey and black layers results from downslope redeposition of fluvial material over most of the year, to which organic matter from sea surface production is added during the late summer monsoon season. Distinctive white to grey coloured layers along the Makran slope originate from large scale expulsion of sediments from the Makran accretionary wedge through mud volcanoes on the shelf, subsequent erosion by waves, and downslope redeposition. These layers may dominate the sedimentary record within the Makran accretionary wedge, but are absent on the Indus margin. Occasional red coloured turbidites, which probably represent larger floods on the Indus plain, contribute to this mixture of varying sedimentary processes and sediment sources along the Pakistani continental slope.     

南海表层沉积物中铂族元素的地球化学分布特征及其影响因素

报道了南海表层沉积物中铂族元素的丰度及其分布特征。52个表层沉积物中铂族元素(PGE)含量变化范围:钌为0.40×10-9~3.20×10-9,平均值为1.20×10-9;钯为0.01×10-9~13.30×10-9,平均值为4.31×10-9;铱为0.59×10-9~4.49×10-9,平均值为1.21×10-9;铂为1.27×10-9~16.21×10-9,平均值为5.26×10-9;铑为0.05×10-9~0.2×10-9,平均值为0.12×10-9;金为0.43×10-9~27.38×10-9,平均值为6.92×10-9。尽管PGE含量与沉积物平均粒径的关系不是很明显,但是整体上随平均粒径的增大,PGE含量出现逐渐减少的趋势,表现出一定的粒度控制规律。南海全海域表层沉积物铂、钯、钌、铑、铱和金的估算背景值分别为1.168×10-9±0.190×10-9,3.228×10-9±0.403×10-9,1.085×10-9±0.189×10-9,4.432×10-9±0.258×10-9,0.123×10-9±0.023×10-9和4.720×10-9±0.413×10-9,远高于我国大陆东部地壳的,而与深海沉积物的基本处于同一水平,表现出了海洋沉积物富集PGE的固有特征。尽管PGE在大陆架区有所富集,但明显富集区主要分布在吕宋岛以西至中央海盆区域,指示海底火山喷发作用释放的PGE对南海中西部深海盆区沉积物中的PGE可能有重要贡献。     

南海北部深水区渐新-中新世沉积地球化学特征及物源演变

Geochemical and detrital zircon U-Pb dating data for drilled sediments from the Baiyun deepwater area of the northern South China Sea demonstrate a change of sedimentary sources from the Oligocene to the Miocene.Zircon ages of the pre-rift Eocene sequences are dominated by Yanshanian ages with various peak values(110–115 Ma for U1435 and L21; 150 Ma for H1), indicating local sediment supply from the pre-existing Mesozoic magmatic belt. For the Oligocene sediments in the northern part of the basin, the rare earth elements show different distribution characteristics, indicating sediment supply from the paleo-Zhujiang River(Pearl River), as also confirmed by the multimodal zircon age spectra of the Lower Oligocene strata in Well X28. By contrast, a positive Eu anomaly characterizes sediments from the western and southern parts of the basin, indicating potential provenances from intermediate to basic volcanic rock materials. The Baiyun Movement at the end of the Oligocene contributed to a large-scale subsidence in the deepwater area and also a northward retreat of continental shelf break, leading to deepening depositional environment in the basin. As a result, all the detrital zircon ages of the Upper Oligocene strata from Wells X28, L13, and L21 share a similar distribution, implying the possible control of a common source like the Zhujiang River. During the Miocene, whereas sediments in the northern area were mainly sourced from the Zhujiang River Delta, and those in the southern deepwater area continued to be affected by basic volcanic activities, the Dongsha Uplift could have contributed as the main source to the eastern area.     

Mineral provinces and matter provenance of the surficial sediments in the western Philippine Sea: implication for modern sedimentation in West Pacific marginal basin

The characteristics and distribution patterns of detrital minerals (0.063~0.125 mm) in marine sediments provide a significant indicator for the identification of the origin of sediment.The detrital mineral composition of 219 surface sediment samples was analysed to identify the distribution of sediments within the western Philippine Sea. The area can be divided into three mineral provinces: (I) province east of the Philippine Trench, the detrital minerals in this province are mainly composed of calcareous or siliceous organisms, with the addition of volcanogenic minerals from an adjacent island arc; (II) middle mineral province, clastic minerals including feldspar, quartz and colorless volcanic glass, sourced from seamounts with intermediate-acid volcanic rock, or erupting intermediate-acid volcano; (III) province west of the Palau—Kyūshū Ridge, the matter provenance within this province is complex; the small quantity of feldspar and quartz may be sourced from seamounts or erupting volcano with intermediate-acid composition, with a component of volcanic scoria sourced from a volcano erupting on the Palau—Kyūshū Ridge. it is suggested that, (1) Biogenic debris of the study area is closely related to water depth, with the amount of biogenic debris controlled by carbonate lysocline. (2) Volcaniclastic matter derived from the adjacent island arc can be entrained by oceanic currents and transported towards the abyssal basin over a short distance. The weathering products of volcanic rocks of the submarine plateau (e.g.,Benham Plateau) and adjacent ridges provide an important source of detrital sedimentation, and the influence scope of them is constrained by the intensity of submarine weathering. (3) Terrigenous sediments from the continent of Asia and the adjacent Philippine island arc have little influence on the sedimentation of this study area, and the felsic mineral component is probably sourced from volcanic seamounts of intermediate-acid composition.     

Rare earth elements in bottom sediments of major rivers around the Yellow Sea: implications for sediment provenance

Rare earth elements (REEs) of 91 fine-grained bottom sediment samples from five major rivers in Korea (the Han, Keum, and Yeongsan) and China (the Changjiang and Huanghe) were studied to investigate their potential as source indicator for Yellow Sea shelf sediments, this being the first synthetic report on REE trends for bottom sediments of these rivers. The results show distinct differences in REE contents and their upper continental crust (UCC)-normalized patterns: compared to heavy rare earth elements (HREEs), light rare earth elements (LREEs) are highly enriched in Korean river sediments, in contrast to Chinese river sediments that have a characteristic positive Eu anomaly. This phenomenon is observed also in primary source rocks within the river catchments. This suggests that source rock composition is the primary control on the REE signatures of these river sediments, due largely to variations in the levels of chlorite and monazite, which are more abundant in Korean bottom river sediments. Systematic variations in ΣLREE/ΣHREE ratios, and in (La/Yb)–(Gd/Yb)_UCC but also (La/Lu)–(La/Y)_UCC and (La/Y)–(Gd/Lu)_UCC relations have the greatest discriminatory power. These findings are consistent with, but considerably expand on the limited datasets available to date for suspended sediments. Evidently, the REE fingerprints of these river sediments can serve as a useful diagnostic tool for tracing the provenance of sediments in the Yellow Sea, and for reconstructing their dispersal patterns and the circulation system of the modern shelf, as well as the paleoenvironmental record of this and adjoining marginal seas.     

杭州湾表层沉积物有机碳分布、来源及近20年来的变化

根据2002年、2008年、2012年、2017年和2022年夏季采样分析结果,对杭州湾表层沉积物中有机碳（TOC）时空分布变化进行了研究。结果表明研究区TOC平均值分别为0.55%(n=16)、0.50%(n=112)、0.44%(n=38)、0.53%(n=38)和0.51%(n=38),总体上呈现南北高东西低的“X”形平面分布特征,高值区出现在北岸金山至南汇咀海域和南侧镇海至慈溪海域,相关性分析表明TOC分布受到沉积物类型的控制,主要赋存于细颗粒沉积物内。沉积物的氧化还原环境也对TOC分布有显著影响。分区进行5个年份TOC统计分析显示,20年来北部海域先减后增,变化较为明显,南部和东部海域2017年增大之后减小,西部海域变化不大。TOC随时间的变化受到自然条件和人为活动造成的长江入海泥沙和有机物质通量下降、海洋源增加等因素的影响。C/N、δ13C特征表明,研究区沉积物中有机碳陆源贡献比例大都在30%～70%,站点差异较大,北岸近岸海域和东南侧海域陆源有机碳比例较高,湾中部和东部海域有机碳的海洋源比例较高。     

海州湾岩芯沉积物元素地球化学特征及其环境指示

使用X射线和ICP-MS方法对海州湾潮滩HZ02岩芯沉积物的常量与微量元素进行分析,探讨沉积物元素含量和地球化学特征,揭示沉积物来源。结果表明:常量元素平均含量大小为AlFeCaKNaMgTi,从底层到表层元素含量变化相似;微量元素从底层到表层的含量变化亦比较相似,且以1958年为时间节点,之前元素含量变化大,之后元素含量稳定。HZ02岩芯沉积物元素的多变量分析表明海州湾潮滩沉积环境变化主要受陆源影响。海州湾沉积物主要来源为从临洪河输入、其次为废黄河和黄海输入。1958年以前,主要从临洪河输入,其次为废黄河物质,之后主要从临洪河输入,其次为黄海沉积物。50年代的导沭工程和1958年的石梁河水库建设,临洪河沉积物物质输入明显减少,特别是粗颗粒物质输入减少。HZ02岩芯沉积物的化学元素含量及其变化特征清楚地揭示了海州湾潮滩沉积环境及其对人类活动的响应。     

莱州浅滩表层沉积物元素地球化学特征及物源识别

使用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪对采自莱州浅滩表层沉积物悬浮组分进行研究, 从地球化学角度分析了6 种常量元素质量分数、24 种微量元素质量比特征及它们与黄河细粒沉积物的联系。研究表明:莱州浅滩所取的7 个样品东西两侧略有差异, 元素质量分数的变异系数较小, 样品间变化不明显, 同源性和整体性显著。同黄河沉积物相比, 莱州浅滩细粒泥沙Al, Fe, Ca, K, Mg 和部分金属元素Cu, Zn质量分数略高, 大多数微量元素质量比略低, 两者大多数元素的判别系数绝对值较低, 标准偏差比值也较小, 经过Al 标准化处理后, 各元素对比值变化趋势较一致, 表现出较强的相似性。黄河细颗粒沉积物可以通过余流、环流扩散迁移至整个渤海, 而莱州浅滩所处地理位置及水文环境为黄河悬浮泥沙提供了良好的沉积条件, 黄河泥沙的沉积使浅滩细粒沉积物表现出了黄河沉积物的元素特征, 而两者细微差异可能与附近河流输沙、元素迁移方式及人类活动影响有关。通过莱州浅滩表层沉积物与黄河样各元素地球化学特征对比分析可以为探索黄河的入海悬浮组分在海域中的混合及扩散提供参考。     

A winter upwelling event in the Northern Galician Rias: Frequency and oceanographic implications

A winter shelf-water upwelling evidence (February 2008) is described by first time in the Northern Galician Rias (NW Iberian Peninsula). On February 20, after 9 consecutive days of upwelling favorable conditions, inside the O Barqueiro Ria was observed the presence of seawater below 10 m depth which replaced the less saline water previously observed in January. This situation was in agreement with the analyzed Ekman transport close to the northern Galician coast. Salinity and temperature distribution revealed that the upwelled water inside the rias corresponds to shelf bottom seawater which is not associated with Eastern North Atlantic Central Water or the Iberian Poleward Current. In addition, TS diagram indicated a higher influence of upwelling eastward (Viveiro–Barqueiro–Ortigueira). Nutrient salts' concentrations also suggested the presence of seawater from subsurface origin with a small variation with regard to the winter mixing in this marine area. Plankton showed the existence of spring conditions related to solar radiation increase associated to upwelling favorable winds. Some species also corroborated the intrusion of shelf-water inside the ria. Results from the analysis of Ekman transport data from 1967 to 2007 revealed that this event cannot be considered an isolated episode. In fact, the number of days per month under upwelling favorable conditions in winter (January–March) was not negligible (8–10 days) showing that upwelling events along the northern Galician coast are also possible during winter.     

南极罗斯海柱样沉积物中有机碳和氮元素地球化学特征及其来源

南极周边海域沉积物中的有机碳和氮元素地球化学特征对于深入研究全球碳循环和海洋生态环境演变具有重要意义。本文对取自南极罗斯海的RBA08C柱状样沉积物进行了有机碳和氮元素地球化学特征分析。结果表明：RBA08C柱样中TOC含量在顶部0~12cm呈现随柱深增加而降低的趋势, 自12cm以深含量总体相对稳定; TN总体具有与TOC相同的变化趋势, 两者含量变化呈现较强正相关性, 说明可能具有相同来源; 沉积物TOC/TN比值和δ13C值揭示RBA08C柱样有机质主要为海洋生源沉积, 其含量变化应主要受控于上层水体生产力、沉积速率和氧化还原环境等因素的共同作用; RBA08C柱样的TOC埋藏率约为50%, 与位于普里兹湾埃默里冰架边缘的IS-4站柱样相同, 加之较为相近的TOC和TN含量及变化趋势, 表明两者可能具有相近的沉积速率, 其所在的海区是南极海域较重要的碳循环和碳储区。     

冲绳海槽中部伊平屋脊火山岩地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成：对岩石成因和地幔源区的指示

As an active back-arc basin, the Okinawa Trough is located in the southeastern region of the East China Sea shelf and is strongly influenced by the subduction of the Philippine Sea Plate. Major element, trace element and Sr-NdPb isotopic composition data are presented for volcanic rocks from the Iheya Ridge(IR), the middle Okinawa Trough. The IR rocks record large variations in major elements and range from basalts to rhyolites. Similar trace element distribution characteristics together with small variations in ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr(0.703 862–0.704 884), ~(144)Nd/~(143)Nd(0.512 763–0.512 880) and Pb isotopic ratios, demonstrate that the IR rocks are derived from a similar magma source. The fractional crystallization of olivine, clinopyroxene, plagioclase, and amphibole, as well as accessory minerals, can reasonably explain the compositional variations of these IR rocks. The simulations suggest that approximately 60% and 75% fractionation of an evolved basaltic magma can produce trace element compositions similar to those of the intermediate rocks and acid rocks, respectively. The analysis of their Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic content ratios suggest that the source of the rocks from the IR is close to the depleted mantle(DM) but extends to the enriched mantle(EMII), indicating that the mantle source of these rocks is a mixture between the DM and EMII end members. The simulations show that the source of the IR volcanic rocks can be best interpreted as the result of the mixing of approximately 0.8%–2.0% subduction sediment components and 98.0%–99.2% mantlederived melts.     

Geochemical characterization of the potential trace metal mobility in cohesive sediments

The Acid-Producing Potential (APP) and the Acid-Consuming Capacity (ACC) are introduced as basic parameters for long-term pollution assessment of mud disposal. They can be obtained by a four-step sequential leaching technique. The concentration of Ca extracted by the first Na-acetate step permits calculating the ACC. Both the Fe- and S-fractions deliberated by subsequent leaching steps are used to calculate the APP. When the APP of a sample is substacted from its ACC, a negative value indicates a potential increase of the bioavailability of the toxic metal load upon disposal of this mud in oxic environments.     

单颗粒碎屑矿物在海洋沉积物物源分析中的应用*

单颗粒碎屑矿物可减小源区岩石类型、蚀变过程和程度及搬运与沉积过程对物源信息释读的干扰, 已逐渐成为海洋沉积物物源分析的有力工具, 并取得一定的应用成果。目前, 锆石、石榴石、长石、辉石、角闪石、独居石及磁铁矿等均已被成功用于海洋沉积物物源研究, 并主要利用单矿物主量元素、年代学等方法精确识别物源区地质特征和位置, 但单矿物微量元素、同位素及微区结构及多矿物对比研究的应用尚有不足; 因此, 目前对物源信息的释读难免片面, 物源识别方法和技术也仍未成熟。随着方法的发展和完善, 将可开展诸多深入研究, 如通过锆石、独居石、云母和磷灰石等不同矿物的年代学研究, 示踪研究物源区的时空变化; 通过建立多矿物定量研究模型, 进而定量研究源区蚀变速率和源汇过程中的物质输运通量和过程等。文章总结单颗粒碎屑矿物在物源识别中的应用现状, 并展望其应用前景, 以期引起同行对此研究方法的关注, 进一步促进该方法在海洋沉积物物源分析中的应用和发展。