软岩立井进壁与流变岩体相互作用的实验分析

利用流变分析模型，分析软岩立井井壁与粘弹塑性围岩的相互作用。根据现场实测结果及围岩压力与时间的关系，得到围岩压力，位移随时间的变化规律和粘塑性区的扩展规律。     

砂土质隧道围岩粘聚力影响因素的试验研究

隧道围岩中较差的砂土质隧道围岩一般在洞口段较为常见.砂土具有粘聚力是客观事实,该粘聚力会对砂土质围岩稳定性产生较大影响.本文从影响砂土质围岩坑道稳定性因素及围岩稳定性分类的角度出发,探讨了与砂土质隧道围岩稳定性相关的粘聚力的影响因素,发现砂土的密实程度对砂土围岩粘聚力有较显著的影响;细粒(d＜0.075mm)含量对粘聚力的影响规律与砂土密实程度有关;采用细粒含水量而不是砂土含水量的方法来评定潮湿砂土的粘聚力的影响是较为合理的方法,并总结了细粒含水量对砂土粘聚力的影响规律.     

某工程试验洞的有限元流变计算分析

把岩体作为粘弹塑介质，用组合模型描述岩体流变特性，对某工程试验洞的粘土岩进行有限元流变计算，计算结果与实测结果相当一致。计算表明，岩体流变特性对岩体、特别对软弱岩体的围岩稳定的影响是不容忽视的。在围岩稳定分析中，粘弹塑性方法能更好地预测洞室塑性区的发展和洞周位移的变化情况，并为寻求合理的支护时间、支护形式提供依据。     

荆子峪0+957塌方段塌方的原因及处理方法

一、地质情况引青济秦西吴庄隧洞荆子峪大沟段围岩大部分属于安山质凝灰岩，岩石坚固性系数f=1.2左右，按水电部分级为Ⅱ类围岩。其中，岩石极其破碎段长240m，是整个隧洞的控制性地段。岩层构造发育，岩石遇水泥化，被粘泥包裹，爆破后隧洞自稳时间是2—3h，地下水较发育，埋深为25m左右，其中岩石厚度仅为13m，其余为6m厚的鹅卵石层及6m厚的粘土层。开挖断面为宽3.8m，高4.61m，拱顶圆弧半径2.12m，圆心角127.3°。     

正交各向异性岩体中地下洞室稳定的粘弹-粘塑性三维有限元分析

建立了一种正交各向异性岩体的粘弹－粘塑性模型，推导和描述了相应的数值计算表达式和有限元分析的步骤，并使用所编制的三维有限元程序，以在层状岩体（横观各向同性介质）中的地下洞室开挖为算例，考察了围岩的流变动态，得出了几点结论。     

三维粘弹塑有限元分析在隧道工程中的应用

通过三维粘弹塑有限元计算，分析了靠椅山双向隧道与行车横洞在开挖施工过程中，考虑初期支护和二次衬砌作用下围岩的流变变形特征及其稳定性。     

金川矿区地下巷道围岩应力场特征及演化机制

金川矿区位于高地应力区，岩性坚硬但岩体较为破碎，其地下巷道围岩压力在时间上和空间上的分布具有矛盾统一的双重性特征，这种双重性特征在国内外许多同类型地下工程中均存在。从应场演化角度，对该类围岩的应力场特征及其演化机制进行了探讨，人为围岩应力的特殊时间和空间分布特征的根本原因是结构面在围岩动态演化过程中发生一系列复杂的时间相关性力学行为和力学响应。据此提出围岩结构性流变的观点，并给出其理论解，它较好地反映了该类围岩变形破坏过程中应力场的演化特征。     

软弱围岩隧洞施工性态的力学模拟与分析

本文着重对软弱围岩隧洞施工中的力学性态进行了计算机模拟和分析。文中除提出了考虑隧洞开挖面时空效应的三维分析模型外，还计入岩体流变时效，进行了弹－粘塑性数值计算。其中，研讨了开挖面推进过程中洞室围岩与错喷支护的相互作用以及设置整筑式二次内衬的影响。用所建议的力学模型和编制的程序软件，结合某实际工程，分别就洞室上下台阶法分部开挖、全断面法一次开挖和侧壁导坑法扩大开挖等三种最常见的隧洞施工作业方式进行了模拟分析，并将计算成果与现场实测数据作了比较验证。     

近距离双隧道开挖与支护的稳定性有限元计算

对京珠国道粤境沿线某近距离双隧道开挖与支护过程,使用平面粘弹塑性有限元方法分５种计算情况进行了数值模拟,分析对比了围岩与支护结构的受力、变形及塑性、受拉区的演化状况,对围岩—支护体系的稳定性进行了评价。     

引水隧洞膨胀性围岩的稳定性分析

膨胀岩在实际工程中通常表现为围岩随时间的推移大量向洞室内塑性挤出或底板大量隆起,最终导致洞室支护和围岩产生裂损或破坏。山西万家寨引黄入晋工程南干线7号隧洞地层特点除砂岩与泥岩互层外,膨胀岩共有3～4层,且斜穿隧道。通过对隧洞开挖及支护过程应用考虑膨胀岩影响的粘弹塑性有限元进行分析,得出膨胀围岩对隧洞及支护结构的受力及稳定性的影响。建议在通水运行过程中密切监测其变形、应力应变、渗透压及外水压力的变化规律,以确保工程的安全运行。     

通渝隧道围岩变形的神经网络预测

隧道新奥法施工中 ,常以围岩变形量作为评判围岩稳定性和支护结构经济合理性的重要指标。公路隧道围岩变形量是随时间而变化的数据序列 ,因而可以建立一些实时跟踪预测模型和方法。根据通渝隧道围岩拱顶下沉位移变形的特性 ,采用神经网络技术来预测其变形量 ,结果表明该方法简易、有效     

Tensile Strength of Rock Under Elevated Temperatures

Rock strength affects the behaviour of rocks differently under different conditions such as temperature, time, pressure, presence of fluids, rock mass characteristics and stress history of rock in a natural environment. It is not always easy to replicate such conditions of undisturbed rock in a laboratory scale. Hence, it is imperative to study the rock behaviour with respect to every such condition which the rock experiences since its time of formation. Temperature is one of the key parameters which influence the rock throughout its history, ranging from the conditions of formation, experience of depth (loading/unloading) or deformational and metamorphic history. Also, increase in rock temperature; say due to the thermal stress changes like disposal of spent nuclear fuels affects the strength of the surrounding rock. In this work, the effects of temperature on the tensile strength of rock have been studied. The results obtained were interesting as the strength of rock is found to increase considerably up to a particular temperature after which it starts falling by as much as 70% around 250°C.     

Effect of the Blocking Water and Limiting Discharge and Surrounding Rock Permeability on the Stability of Subsea Tunnel

The influence of the sealing degree of the lining structure and the permeability of surrounding rock on the stability of the tunnel has always been the main topic concerned by the relevant engineering researchers. Based on the research background of the tunnel project of Qingdao metro line 1 and the in-depth analysis of the existing research results, this paper makes a systematic analysis and research on the influence mechanism of the sealing degree of the lining structure and the permeability of surrounding rock on the stability of the tunnel by the numerical simulation. The results show that the safety coefficient of each part of lining structure decreases with the increasing degree of tunnel sealing, which is manifested by the increase of the settlement of the vault and the convergence of the arch foot. In addition, the stability of surrounding rock becomes worse with the increase of permeability coefficient of surrounding rock, which means the higher pore pressure and larger displacement of rock around the chamber. At the same time, the influence of the sealing degree of the lining structure on the stability of the tunnel will increase with the permeability of the surrounding rock. The works in this paper have guiding significance for the construction of submarine tunnel under different characteristics of surrounding rock and the selection of sealing degree of lining structure.

     

Optimization Methods of Blasting Parameters of Large Cross-Section Tunnel in Horizontal Layered Rock Mass

For large cross-section tunnel in horizontal layered rock mass, blasting excavation often causes serious overbreak and underbreak. In this study, blasting excavation tests of tunnel upper face were conducted, blast-induced excavation damage and the influence mechanisms of weak beddings and joints were analyzed based on the Panlongshan tunnel. In order to achieve fine excavation, the cut mode of “center holes and four-wedge cutting holes”, the blasthole pattern of “empty holes, long holes, short holes and additional relief holes”, the maximum single-hole charge and the air-deck charge structure were proposed. Compared with the damage characteristics, overbreak and underbreak, and deformations of surrounding rock before and after optimization, the latter was better in tunnel contour formation and surrounding rock stability. The results show that after optimization, the large-area separation of vault rock mass is solved, the step-like overbreak of spandrel rock mass is reduced and the large-size rock block and underbreak are avoided. The maximum linear overbreak of vault, spandrel, and haunch surrounding rock is decreased by 42.3%, 53.7% and 45.1%, respectively. The underbreak at the bottom of the upper face is reduced from ??111.5 to ??16.5 cm. The average overbreak area is decreased by 61.1%. The surrounding rock displacement after optimization finally converges to the smaller value. The arch crown settlement and the horizontal convergence of haunch are reduced by about 21.6% and 18.3%, respectively. Furthermore, from the completion of blasting excavation to the stabilization of surrounding rock, it takes less time by using the optimized blasting scheme.

     

基于黏弹塑性的云岭隧道软弱围岩参数反演与稳定性分析

软弱隧道围岩在工程实际和试验研究中都表现出较强的流变性质, 容易造成围岩的过大变形而导致失稳.按新奥法施工原则对云岭隧道左洞进口段的软弱围岩段开挖过程进行监测, 分析初期围岩位移收敛值以及二次支护和衬砌的压力变化情况, 通过黏弹性有限元反分析理论, 建立基于黏弹塑性的反分析体系, 对围岩参数进行反演和优化.通过采用ANSYS有限元程序模拟开挖过程, 并将现场实际量测值与计算数据进行比较, 为隧道支护设计和施工的安全可靠性提供科学依据和技术指导.      

基于灰色聚类法的下洲隧道围岩分级研究

在隧道开挖施工过程中,经常会遇到围岩失稳,变形的问题。本文结合了宁德至武夷山高速公路S4合同段下洲隧道工程,利用灰色聚类法对隧道围岩分级进行了分析计算,对比传统分级法与灰色聚类法两种分级结果,并对隧道开挖施工后围岩稳定、支护提出了意见。     

隧道开挖过程中层状围岩稳定性分析

结合工程实例，基于块体的失稳条件和层状岩体的破坏条件，分析不同地质构造形态岩层下，隧洞开挖过程中围岩的稳定性。并根据洞室围岩产状与开挖几何边界的关系，提出围岩易破坏点的位置确定方法。最后，通过对工程实例中围岩塌方的统计，分析塌方围岩原因，进一步验证层状岩体中围岩的稳定性评价。     

近水平岩层隧道围岩变形监测及其稳定性分析

介绍了广巴高速公路某近水平岩层隧道新奥法施工过程中现场监测的项目、手段及方法,基于监测结果,分析了近水平岩层隧道围岩变形特点、变形原因,划分了围岩变形阶段。以隧道左线进口段某断面为例进行回归分析,利用位移加速度正负的判据分析评价围岩稳定性。相关监测及分析结果为采取整治措施和后续施工提供科学依据,也为日后分析研究提供参考。     

基于模糊综合评判的护盾式TBM施工围岩稳定性分类

针对传统分类方法难以对围岩稳定性进行评价的问题,以护盾式全断面隧掘进机（TBM）施工隧洞的围岩稳定性评价为目标,在研究护盾式TBM施工特点的基础上,参照国内、外常用的围岩分类方法,选择了岩石的回弹值、刀盘推力、刀盘扭矩、片状岩渣含量、地下水渗流量和最大主应力与洞轴线的夹角作为围岩稳定性评判因素。采用模糊综合评判方法,建立围岩稳定性多因素评判模型,通过确定评判因素的权重向量选取隶属函数,进而对围岩稳定性进行定量评判,并将之应用到某工程双护盾TBM施工的围岩稳定性评判中。结果表明：序号1、2、3和4洞段对应的较稳定、较稳定、局部稳定性差和不稳定的最大隶属度分别为0.494、0.403、0.388、0.442,分别对应Ⅱ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ类围岩;模糊综合评判方法合理,评判结果较为可靠。研究成果对护盾式TBM施工的围岩稳定性评价、围岩分类及支护方式选择等具有参考价值。     

围岩稳定性分级影响因素的灰色关联度分析

以某轨道交通二期工程中土质围岩岩土为例，利用灰色关联度分析方法，完成对土质围岩稳定性分级影响因素的排序和筛选。通过计算围岩稳定性分级影响因素的相对关联度、绝对关联度和综合关联度，确定出土质围岩稳定性分级影响顺序为：压缩模量〉密度〉饱和度〉孔隙比〉塑性指数〉含水量〉压缩系数〉液性指数。