Practical Application of 3D Visualization Using Geotechnical Database: A Case Study Karsiyaka (Izmir) Settlement Area (Turkey)

3D geographic information system software’s (GIS) are widely used in engineering geology applications. This study was performed in the Karsiyaka settlement area for the preparation of engineering geological maps and evaluation of geological structures. Firstly, topographic maps digitized with Arcview GIS 3.2. Engineering geological maps were prepared using site works and digitized with the Rockworks 2006 programme and later stored in GIS-based computer systems. 3D modelling analysis and assessment using a geotechnical database is important to assist decision-making for land use and metro subway line planning, construction site selection, selection of water sources, etc. In this respect, the sub-surface of the study area is fully 3D visualized and useful soil class zonation maps for different depths maps are performed to be used in further studies. At last, after research at this site, the construction applications of Karsiyaka have multiplied.     

利用主成分分析改善土地利用变化的遥感监测精度——以珠江三角洲城市用地扩张为例

近年来,珠江三角洲由于经济的快速发展,城市用地急剧增加,利用多时相的遥感图,可以定量地监测这种城市化的现象。但理,由一般的遥感动态监测方法所得的结果往往夸大变化的程度,以及获得一些不合理的结论．该文提出主成分分析的方法来改善遥感动态监测的精度。将该方法应用应用于珠江三角洲发展最快的东莞市,获得了较满意的结果。     

地理信息系统(GIS)在油气勘探开发中的应用

地理信息系统(GIS)的空间数据管理、空间分析及图形可视化表达方面的功能使其在油气勘探开发中具有广阔的发展前景。本文论述了GIS在石油行业专题制图、盆地模拟、油气资源勘探开发管理及油气资源评价等方面的应用,阐述了GIS在油气勘探开发中的地位和作用,展望了GIS在油气勘探中的应用前景。     

A Study of the Local Geometric Accuracy of Count de Ferraris's Carte de cabinet (1770s) Using Differential Distortion Analysis

The eighteenth century Carte de cabinet of count de Ferraris is the first large-scale (1:11?520) topographic map of the entire Belgian territory, making it a valuable source of historical information. In the past, a number of studies have tried to assess the geometric accuracy of this map, but they all suffer from restricted technical capabilities for computing and visualizing the distortions, and most of them only focus on a limited number of the 275 map sheets. This paper therefore seeks to provide the first systematic and in-depth investigation of the map’s local geometric accuracy. Recently, two Belgian government agencies georeferenced the Flemish and Walloon part of the Carte de cabinet with a high level of detail, using some 30,000 ground control points to link the old map to the modern topographic map of Belgium. These data sets represent a new and unprecedented potential source of accuracy information. However, the high number of control points and our desire to compute distortions in an exact, local, quantitative and continuous way meant prominent techniques for studying the geometric accuracy of old maps, such as displacement vectors, distortion grids, triangular nets and the popular MapAnalyst software, were unsuited for this task. To meet all our requirements a new technique called Differential Distortion Analysis, which is influenced by the treatment of distortions in map projection theory, was used instead. Its advantages, structure and application to the Carte de cabinet are discussed in detail. The new technique allows calculating and displaying the map’s local angular and surface distortions with a very high spatial resolution. Consequently, it was possible to identify trends in the obtained levels of accuracy and to relate these to historical facts about the Carte de cabinet’s production process. This has resulted in important new insights into the map’s geometric accuracy.     

利用二次移动平均法的GM(1,1)模型和Kalman滤波在沉降监测应用中的比较分析

利用时间序列分析方法中的二次移动平均法提取出沉降监测序列中的趋势项,并在此基础上建立固定维数的动态GM(1,1)灰色模型进行沉降预测,同时利用Kalman滤波方法进行沉降预测,结合实际算例结果表明,这两种模型均能够较好地进行预测,证明了这两种预测模型均具有一定的可行性和有效性,并对两种预测模型在沉降监测预报中的应用进行了比较和分析。     

A Network Perspective on Spatial Data Infrastructures: Application to the Sub-national SDI of Flanders (Belgium)

In order to provide a basis for quantitative and qualitative assessment of SDI-performance, a clear definition and a theoretical framework for SDI are needed. From the various definitions and frameworks of SDI available in the literature, the productional and the geographic information process perspective were selected, combined and extended. From the productional perspective, SDI-development is a dynamic process in which suppliers and users of spatial data interact to add value to the data by using them in applications and processes. The geographic information process perspective incorporates the "information acquisition – delivery – usage" chain. The extension proposed in this article leads to a network perspective on SDI. The nature of this perspective is described for the Flemish SDI. Its applicability to characterise and underpin the assessment of SDI is tested using a Social Network Analysis (SNA) focusing on the network structure parameters "density", "distance" and "centrality". The SNA confirms the applicability, usability and extensibility of the network perspective to characterize the SDI, to describe the data flows between stakeholders and to analyse the behaviour of the different (types) of stakeholders within the network. We conclude that SNA should likely be complemented by an impact analysis of different SDI setups on business processes which will provide a good basis for a holistic SDI-performance assessment.     

Application of remote sensing and geographic information systems (gis) to population studies in the gulf: A case of al ain city (UAE)

This paper is the first ever attempt to study population distribution in Al Ain city in Eastern United Arab Emirates (UAE) through integration of remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS). The remote sensing data used in this study included high spatial resolution (1 m) IKONOS imagery of February 17, 2001. For the population related studies IKONOS data offers number of advantages over other satellite images, e.g. it has high spatial resolution, it covers a larger area per image, it cost less per km², and available on a more regular basis. Such characteristics provide a mechanism by which population estimates can be updated with high accuracy and better rate of frequency. The average difference between the population recorded in the 2001 and that estimated from IKONOS images for Al Ain city is found to be equal to 5%. GIS is used for modelling the relationship among population variables and shows result obtained. Empirical model analyses results of this study show that the overall density of the city is consistent with location theories, i.e., declining population density from the Central Business District (CBD). The trend of higher-income people living in peripheries of cities is evident worldwide as it is in Al Ain.     

时空信息云平台与智慧城市评价指标相关性浅析——以智慧伊春时空信息云平台为例

智慧城市建设是破解城市难题、提升治理能力、转变发展方式的必要手段。我国政府高度重视新型智慧城市建设,测绘地理信息行业在其中负有职责,并启动试点项目。本文基于智慧伊春时空信息云平台试点项目,对比建设内容与国家智慧城市评价指标,说明其相关性影响,分析原因,总结经验。     

基于深度学习的河道提取与变化监测应用——以永定河为例

本文基于2014年、2017年、2018年三期GF1遥感影像,针对北京市石景山永定河河道变化特征,开展基于深度学习算法的河道自动提取与变化图斑自动发现。选择GEOWAY GFLP作为地理要素智能训练平台,采用基于疑似变化区域自动发现与人工交互确认相结合的遥感监测技术路线,选取典型水体样本进行分析、训练,构建深度学习卷积神经网络水体提取模型。通过分析与验证发现,基于深度学习水体提取模型自动提取的河道准确率高于90%,精度高于最小距离、最大似然及SVM分类方法,可用于城市河道的自动提取和变化发现。     

Landslide Hazard Assessment Using Random SubSpace Fuzzy Rules Based Classifier Ensemble and Probability Analysis of Rainfall Data: A Case Study at Mu Cang Chai District,Yen Bai Province (Viet Nam)

Landslide hazard assessment at the Mu Cang Chai district; Yen Bai province (Viet Nam) has been done using Random SubSpace fuzzy rules based Classifier Ensemble (RSSCE) method and probability analysis of rainfall data. RSSCE which is a novel classifier ensemble method has been applied to predict spatially landslide occurrences in the area. Prediction of temporally landslide occurrences in the present study has been done using rainfall data for the period 2008–2013. A total of fifteen landslide influencing factors namely slope, aspect, curvature, plan curvature, profile curvature, elevation, land use, lithology, rainfall, distance to faults, fault density, distance to roads, road density, distance to rivers, and river density have been utilized. The result of the analysis shows that RSSCE and probability analysis of rainfall data are promising methods for landslide hazard assessment. Finally, landslide hazard map has been generated by integrating spatial prediction and temporal probability analysis of landslides for the land use planning and landslide hazard management.     

Classification of Satellite Images in Assessing Urban Land Use Change Using Scale Optimization in Object-Oriented Processes (A Case Study: Ardabil City,Iran)

By using satellite imagery, the recognition and evaluation of various phenomena and extraction of information necessary for the planning of land resources or other purposes are easily accomplished. The purpose of this study is to compare the efficiency of seven commonly used methods of monitored classification of satellite data to evaluate land use changes using TM and OLI Landsat, IRS, Spot5 and Quick Bird bands as well as different color combinations of these images to detect agricultural land, residential areas and aquatic areas using object-oriented processing. Digital processing of satellite images was carried out in 1998 and 2016 using advanced methods. Training samples were extracted in five user classes by eCognition software using segmentation scale optimization, different color combinations and coefficients of shape and compression. The appropriate segmentation scale for arable land, human complications and the blue areas were, respectively, 50, 8 and 10. Then each image was classified separately using seven methods and extracted samples, and efficiency of each classification method was obtained by calculating two general health and Kappa coefficients. The results show that the accuracy of each classification method and the neural network with a total accuracy of 94.475 and Kappa coefficient of 92.095 were selected as the most accurate classification method. These results show that the sampling of educational samples with proper precision of the classes in the images and dependency probability of each satellite images pixel can be useful in classifying group available in helpful area.     

Model Building to Investigate the Role of Spatial Location in Classifying Satellite Image Using SVM,CART and mBACT: A Case Study

This paper investigates the importance of spatial location of pixels in terms of row-column as an additional explanatory variable in classification along with available spectral bands of remotely sensed data. In view of this, a forward step-wise variable selection algorithm is used to select significant bands/variables and build an optimal model to extract the maximum accuracy. Author performed a case study on the area of town of Wolfville acquired by LANDSAT 5 TM data containing six 30 m resolution spectral bands and pixel location as an additional variable. Data are classified into seven classes using three advanced classifiers i.e. classification and regression trees (CART), support vector machines (SVM) and multi-class Bayesian additive classification tree (mBACT). Traditionally, it is assumed that addition of more explanatory variables always increase the accuracy of classified satellite images. However, results of this study show that adding more variables may sometimes confuse the classifier, that is, if selected carefully, fewer variables can provide the more accurate classification. Importance of row-column information turns out to be more beneficial for mBACT followed by SVM. Interestingly, spatial locations did not turn out to be useful for CART. Based on the findings of this study, mBACT appears to be a slightly better classifier than SVM and a substantially better than CART.     

AHP法和GIS技术在城镇化空间发展分析中的应用——以低山丘陵革命老区梓潼县为例

以低山丘陵革命老区四川省梓潼县为研究区,将影响城镇化空间发展因素分为交通、区域动力和地形3大类,分析并基于ASTER GDEM,ETM和基础地理信息数据,提取出国道、省道、县道、蔬菜果园区、生态旅游区、生态工业区、水系、坡度和地形起伏度9个因子;结合层次分析法模型计算这9个因子的权重,在ArcGIS 9.3中利用空间叠置分析法得出梓潼县空间格局适宜性分级和分区图.该方法的实现为科学定量评价低山丘陵革命老区城镇化空间格局模式提供了一种全新的解决思路.     

基于GIS与空间统计分析的可持续发展度量方法研究——以缅甸Myingyan District为例

利用空间信息系统所提供的强大空间数据处理和分析能力，并将之与统计分析软件包的统计分析功能进行有效的集成，建立了基于空间统计分析的可持续发展定量分析评价模型（ＳＢＳＡ）。从在缅甸中部Myingyan县的应用实例来看，该模型能够提示影响Myingyan县可持续发展能力的主导因子，通过对这些因子和可持续发展综合指数的定量化、空间化的分析，为政府部门规划区域综合发展方案，制定发展政策提供很好的决策支持。