吉林省磐石市中立区方解石矿地质特征及工业指标评价

吉林省磐石市中立区方解石矿试验区勘查面积2.73 km²。圈出1条方解石矿体,矿体形态呈厚层状,平均品位CaO:54.31%,白度：86.74%,作者根据方解石矿的性质、工业指标、品级划分以及矿体连续性评价等几方面特点,对吉林省磐石市中立区方解石矿进行分析,对方解石矿床开发进行初步探讨,供今后的找矿工作者借鉴参考。     

广西南源洞硅灰石中石墨的赋存特征及其对硅灰石粉白度的影响

采用X射线衍射（XRD）及扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等方法对广西南源洞以层控接触热变质作用为主，并伴随有接触交代作用的叠加所形成的硅灰石矿石中的黑色碳质物的物相及存在特征进行了研究。发现硅灰石矿石中的碳质物为石墨，并分别与多种矿物紧密伴生，伴生情况有几种：（1）碳质物与硅灰石、方解石紧密伴生；（2）碳质物与石英、方解石紧密伴生；（3）碳质物仅与方解石紧密伴生；（4）碳质物呈尘埃状或星点状被包裹于硅灰石矿物颗粒中；（5）碳质物以浸染、渗透方式存在于硅灰石矿物颗粒中。欲将碳质物从硅灰石矿物中解离出来，至少要将矿石粉碎到0.043mm以下。另外，还就硅灰石中的碳质物对于硅灰石粉白度的影响进行了讨论。     

方解石(10■4)晶面在含重金属溶液中的生长及新生长面的溶解

溶液中的金属离子对方解石的生长和溶解均有影响,但关于方解石中固有的杂质离子对其溶解的影响还了解甚少。本研究利用原位原子力显微镜(AFM)考察了室温下方解石(10■4)晶面在含Mn~(2+)及含Cd~(2+)溶液中的生长过程,并对其新生长面直接进行原位溶解观察。实验表明,溶液中的Mn2+和Cd2+可参与方解石的生长,分别形成(Ca,Mn)CO_3固溶体和(Ca,Cd)CO_3固溶体。新生成的含Mn、Cd方解石的溶解速率仅为纯方解石的14.3%～60.3%,说明晶体中的Mn和Cd可抑制方解石的溶解。因此方解石生长阶段可通过在(10■4)晶面形成含重金属固溶体从而固定Mn和Cd,由于新生长的固溶体溶解速率小于纯方解石,从而延缓Mn和Cd的迁移,并降低其环境污染的风险。     

锡铁山铅锌矿中石英,方解石的热发光研究

在测试锡铁山铅锌矿中石英、方解石热发光的基础上，结合石英、方解石中微量元素特征，研究其热发光曲线特征和参数特征，并对比其它铅锌矿区石英、方解石热发光的资料，认为锡铁山铅锌矿中石英的热发光强度愈大，反映的含矿性愈差；方解石的热发光受其方解石中Ｍｎ＾２＋（Ｆｅ＾２＋）和ＲＥＥ＾３＋的影响，靠近矿体的方解石热发光强度降低，为进一步扩大矿区找矿工作提供了石英、方解石热发光的科学依据。     

方解石(10(-1)4)晶面在含重金属溶液中的生长及新生长面的溶解

溶液中的金属离子对方解石的生长和溶解均有影响,但关于方解石中固有的杂质离子对其溶解的影响还了解甚少.本研究利用原位原子力显微镜(AFM)考察了室温下方解石(10(-1)4)晶面在含Mn2+及含Cd2+溶液中的生长过程,并对其新生长面直接进行原位溶解观察.实验表明,溶液中的Mn2+和Cd2+可参与方解石的生长,分别形成(Ca,Mn)CO3固溶体和(Ca,Cd)CO3固溶体.新生成的含Mn、Cd方解石的溶解速率仅为纯方解石的14.3％～60.3％,说明晶体中的Mn和Cd可抑制方解石的溶解.因此方解石生长阶段可通过在(10(-1)4)晶面形成含重金属固溶体从而固定Mn和Cd,由于新生长的固溶体溶解速率小于纯方解石,从而延缓Mn和Cd的迁移,并降低其环境污染的风险.     

方解石(10(-1)4)晶面在含重金属溶液中的生长及新生长面的溶解

溶液中的金属离子对方解石的生长和溶解均有影响,但关于方解石中固有的杂质离子对其溶解的影响还了解甚少.本研究利用原位原子力显微镜(AFM)考察了室温下方解石(10(-1)4)晶面在含Mn2+及含Cd2+溶液中的生长过程,并对其新生长面直接进行原位溶解观察.实验表明,溶液中的Mn2+和Cd2+可参与方解石的生长,分别形成(Ca,Mn)CO3固溶体和(Ca,Cd)CO3固溶体.新生成的含Mn、Cd方解石的溶解速率仅为纯方解石的14.3％～60.3％,说明晶体中的Mn和Cd可抑制方解石的溶解.因此方解石生长阶段可通过在(10(-1)4)晶面形成含重金属固溶体从而固定Mn和Cd,由于新生长的固溶体溶解速率小于纯方解石,从而延缓Mn和Cd的迁移,并降低其环境污染的风险.     

吉林省长崴子硅灰石矿可选性研究

硅灰石的选矿目的主要是剔除矿石中脉石矿物——石榴石、透辉石、符山石等含铁硅酸盐矿物和方解石、白云石等碳酸盐矿物。作陶瓷用料时含铁矿物是一种染色体,其含量过高会降低陶瓷的白度。方解石含量高时在烧陶过程中产生CO_2,使产品的孔洞增多,导致产品结构松驰。目前,国外常采用磁选法、磁选——浮选法、手选——浮选法,从硅灰石矿石中分离除去含铁硅酸盐矿物和方解石矿物。本文针对长崴子硅灰石矿石含铁低的特点,以及矿石性质及其表面物化特性,研究     

含方解石铜矿石微生物氧化作用的实验研究

矿山固体废物中硫化物经微生物作用形成的酸性矿山排水及其引起的重金属污染是备受关注的环境问题,而岩石和矿石中的方解石能够影响酸性矿山排水的生成和迁移。为了考察方解石对硫化物-微生物氧化作用的影响,开展了系统的模拟实验,利用ICP-AES、XRD、XRF等分析手段,测定了实验溶液的pH值、Eh值、离子浓度和次生沉淀成分。结果表明,在无方解石或方解石含量低时,黄铜矿的微生物氧化过程中,pH值下降、Eh值上升,有多种重金属离子进入溶液,并生成大量黄钾铁矾、自然硫等次生沉淀。添加过量方解石能有效中和氧化过程产生的酸并能显著抑制氧化菌的活动。因此通过添加碳酸盐矿物的方法可使溶液pH调节至微碱性,降低微生物的活性、阻滞铜矿石的氧化,能够有效降低重金属的释放。     

浙江建德钦堂大理岩矿床地质特征及控矿条件分析

石炭系上统黄龙组为浙江省重要的非金属矿床含矿层位。建德钦堂大理岩矿床由黄龙组石灰岩受热接触变质作用形成,规模达大型。大理岩矿体位于黄龙组中部,呈单斜产出,受碎斑熔岩破坏,矿体内部结构较复杂。矿石质量较稳定,CaO平均含量为54.8%,白度平均为90.6%,盐酸不溶物含量较低。原岩成分是影响大理岩矿石质量的决定因素,原岩方解石含量高、成分均一有利于形成优质大理岩矿石;碎斑熔岩侵出过程中形成的冷凝壳起到保温作用,不断上涌的岩浆为方解石重结晶提供了持续热源,二者是形成矿床的必要条件。     

云南会泽铅锌矿床脉石矿物方解石REE地球化学

方解石是云南会泽铅锌矿床最重要的脉石矿物，原生矿石中三种产状（即团块状状、团斑状和脉状）方解石的REE含量、有关参数和配分模式都有一定的差异，但不同产状方解石之间以及同种产状方解石的REE地球化学特征具有连续变化规律。分析结果表明：矿区原生矿石中三种产状方解石为同源不同阶段形成的产物；矿床成矿流体具有多来源特征，地幔流体在成矿流体形成过程中具有重要作用；成矿流体在演化过程REE含量逐渐降低；成矿环境由相对还原向相对氧化变化。     

浙江省衢州市上方镇重钙方解石矿工艺指标影响因素

重质碳酸钙的白度和色相值(Lab)是最重要的工业指标,但影响因素尚不清楚.本文通过扫描电镜、粉晶X射线衍射(XRD)和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)等分析手段,对浙江衢州上方镇的重钙方解矿石进行了研究,以期阐明重质碳酸钙白度和色相的影响因素.结果表明,矿石随研磨粒度的减小白度逐渐增加,在100～400目,白...     

河南省南召五峰顶方解石矿床地质特征及找矿标志

河南省南召五峰顶方解石矿床产于二郎坪群大庙组第三岩性段的大理岩中,矿体呈似层状。矿区圈定出方解石矿体2个,矿体长2.0~3.2 km,厚11.91~85.22 m,矿石品位w（CaO）=52.20%~56.25%,白度为85.0%~93.9%,矿石类型为浅灰白色厚层状中粗粒大理岩。文章对矿床含矿岩系、矿体与矿石特征、成矿过程和找矿标志等方面进行了分析研究。结果表明：该矿床为区域变质型矿床,大庙组中浅灰白色大理岩为直接找矿标志。该标志对豫西东秦岭造山带寻找同类矿床有借鉴意义。     

Micronized Calcite Potential,Production and Principle Characteristics of Nigde (Turkey)

Marble that exploited for micronized calcite production in Nigde area (South Central Turkey) occur in the Upper Cretaceous Gümü ler, A gedi i, and Kaleboynu Formations of the Nigde Massif. Although there are a few marble producing quarries in the area, it is long been known that the marbles of this area are generally highly fractured and don’t yield large blocks or suitable slabs meeting the industrial demands. Thus, most of the production is currently carried out mainly as building stone, crushed stone and micronized calcite. Due mainly to high demand, micronized calcite has been becoming very significant export product to the state’s economy. Because the Nigde marbles are coarse grained with high CaCO3 content, high purity and whiteness, they are considered to be the highest quality micronized calcite quarries in the country. Consequently, the area drew many national and international investors resulting in significant increase in the number and extent of micronized calcite plants in the area. In early 1980’s, the city of Nigde had only one or two plants, it is now well over 5 including foreign investors and joint ventures. Annual production is also considerably increased from 20,000-30,000 tones to almost half a million tones and it is still in increasing trend.     

Experimental shear zones and magnetic fabrics

Magnetic fabric analysis has been used as a non-destructive means of detecting petrofabric development during experimentally produced multi-stage, transpressive deformations in ‘shear zones’. Artificial, magnetic-bearing silicate sands and calcite sands, bonded with Portland cement, were deformed at room temperature and at 100 and 150 MPa confining pressure. The slip-rate for the shear zone walls was 0.73 × 10⁻⁴ mm s⁻¹ and the maximum shear strains were about 0.38, across zones that were initially about 5 mm thick. The magnetic fabric ellipsoid rapidly spins so that the maximum and intermediate susceptibilities tend to become parallel to the shear zone walls throughout the sheared zone. The ellipsoid becomes increasingly oblate with progressive deformation. However, in all cases, the anisotropy is strongly influenced by the pre-deformation magnetic fabric. During deformation the cement gel collapses so that cataclasis of the mineral grains is suppressed. In the quartz-feldspar aggregates the magnetite's alignment is accommodated by particulate flow (intergranular displacements) of the grains. In the calcite aggregates stronger magnetic fabrics develop due to plastic deformation of calcite grains as well as particulate flow. However, the calcite grain fabrics are somewhat linear (L ≥ S) whereas the magnetic fabrics are planar (S >L). The preferred dimensional orientations of magnetite are weak and it is possible that the magnetic fabrics are due to intragranular rearrangements of magnetic domains.The transpressive shear zones are much more efficient than axial-symmetric shortening in the increase of anisotropy of the magnetic fabrics, especially in the case of the calcite aggregates. This suggests that flow laws derived for axial-symmetric shortening experiments may not be appropriate for non-coaxial strain histories such as those of shear zones.     

Kinetics of urease mediated calcite precipitation and permeability reduction of porous media evidenced by magnetic resonance imaging

The enzyme urease drives the hydrolysis of urea leading to the release of ammonium ions and bicarbonate; in the presence of calcium, the rise in pH leads to increased calcium carbonate saturation and the subsequent precipitation of calcite. Although such alkalinizing ureolysis is widespread in nature, most studies have focussed on bacteria (i.e. indigenous communities or urease-active Sporosarcina pasteurii) for calcite precipitation technologies. In this study, urease-active jack bean meal (from the legume Canavalia ensiformis) was used to drive calcite precipitation. The rates of ureolysis (k _urea ), determined from measured NH₄ ⁺, enabled a direct comparison to microbial ureolysis rates reported in literature. It is also demonstrated that a simple single reaction model approach can simulate calcite precipitation very effectively (3–6 % normalised root-mean-square deviation). To investigate the reduction of permeability in porous media, jack bean meal (0.5 g L^?1) and solutions (400 mM urea and CaCl₂) were simultaneously pumped into a borosilicate bead column. One-dimensional magnetic resonance profiling techniques were used, non-invasively, for the first time to quantify the porosity changes following calcite precipitation. In addition, two-dimensional slice selective magnetic resonance images (resolution of ~0.5 × 1.0 mm) revealed that the exact location of calcite deposition was within the first 10 mm of the column. Column sacrifice and acid digestion also confirmed that 91.5 % of calcite was located within the first 14 mm of the column. These results have important implications for the design of future calcite precipitation technologies and present a possible alternative to the well known bacterial approaches.     

矿物白度的影响因素与增白机理研究

白度是矿物的重要光学性质之一。为了深化矿物的光学性质及白色矿物功能材料的研究与应用,根据测试分析结果和叶大年的结构光性矿物学理论,系统研究了影响矿物白度的主要因素,以及矿物增白效果的差异性及其产生机理。研究结果表明:(1)晶体化学是决定不同种类透明矿物白度的最主要因素,但对于某种透明矿物来说,影响其白度的主要因素是矿物中的碳质有机质、含铁钛矿物杂质、杂质元素的价态与晶体化学环境、介质环境、矿物中的水和粒度大小等。(2)证明了透明矿物白度大小与折射率呈正相关。白度相同的不同矿物的增白效果存在很大差异性,其根本原因是由矿物折射率所决定的反射率存在很大差别。(3)提出了真白度和假白度的概念,即主要由自色产生的白度称为真白度,主要由假色产生的白度称为假白度;真白度高的矿物具有增白作用,而真白度低的矿物,即使粉末白度高,也没有增白作用。(4)在影响矿物白度的主要因素中,矿物中的碳质有机质、含铁钛矿物杂质、杂质元素的价态等杂质成分对矿物白度和增白效果起负面作用。(5)矿物中与晶体结构相关的水所产生的颜色属于自色,脱去结晶水、层间水和结构水都有利于提高矿物的真白度或增白效果,但脱去沸石水的效果正好相反;由矿物粒度大小变化产生的颜色属于假色;通过降低粉体粒度大小所提高的白度属于假白度,由此增加的白度没有增白作用。另外,矿物粉体与使用介质之间的折射率大小差别越大,增白效果越明显。     

九种现代双壳类壳体物相组成的对比研究

利用X射线衍射分析技术,对黄东海常见的9种现代双壳类壳体进行了物相分析,结果表明这些双壳类壳体分别属于三种类型,即文石质壳、方解石质壳、文石+方解石混合质壳。其中,菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapesphilippinarum)、中国蛤蜊(Mactrachinensis)、四角蛤蜊(Mactraveneriformis)、薄片镜蛤(Dosinialaminata)、毛蚶(Scapharcasubcrenata)属于文石质壳,长牡蛎(Crassostreagigas)、中国不等蛤(Anomiachinensis)、海湾扇贝(Argopectenirradieus)属于方解石质壳,紫贻贝(Mytilusedulis)属于文石+方解石质的混合质壳;双壳类壳体物相组成与其生活方式有着一定的联系,营底栖埋入式生活者趋于形成文石质壳,底栖固着生活方式者趋于形成方解石质壳或混合质壳;不同大小的菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapesphilippinarum)的物相组成上几乎没有差别,表明其壳体物相组成不受生命效应的影响。     

准噶尔盆地陆1井砂岩成岩作用及其对储层的影响

本文探讨了陆1井岩屑砂岩的成岩作用及其对砂岩储层的影响.研究表明,压实作用使岩屑砂岩的孔隙度随埋深迅速减小,成岩早期的胶结物使大部分原生孔隙被充填。水化作用在成岩早期及有机质半成熟和成熟期成岩作用过程中,制约着各个阶段的成岩作用特点。在水化作用和有机质热演化作用的共同影响下,使得方解石胶结物发生选择性溶蚀形成了深部(上乌尔禾组)次生孔隙发育带。     

Cu(II) adsorption at the calcite-water interface in the presence of natural organic matter: Kinetic studies and molecular-scale characterization

We have characterized the adsorption of Suwannee River humic acid (SRHA) and Cu(II) on calcite from preequilibrated solutions at pH 8.25. Sorption isotherms of SRHA on calcite follow Langmuir-type behavior at SRHA concentrations less than 15 mg C L⁻¹, whereas non-Langmuirian uptake becomes evident at concentrations greater than 15 mg C L⁻¹. The adsorption of SRHA on calcite is rapid and mostly irreversible, with corresponding changes in electrostatic properties. At pH 8.25, Cu(II) uptake by calcite in the presence of dissolved SRHA decreases with increasing dissolved SRHA concentration, suggesting that formation of Cu-SRHA aqueous complexes is the primary factor controlling Cu(II) sorption at the calcite surface under the conditions of our experiments. We also observed that surface-bound SRHA has little influence on Cu(II) uptake by calcite, suggesting that Cu(II) coordinates to calcite surface sites rather than to surface-bound SRHA.Cu K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) spectroscopic results show that the local coordination of Cu adsorbed at the calcite surface is very similar in the presence and absence of SRHA. Ca backscatterers at ∼3.90 Å indicate that Cu(II) forms tetragonally distorted inner-sphere adsorption complexes in both binary and ternary systems. Subtle differences in the XANES and EXAFS between binary sorption samples and ternary sorption samples, however, prevent us from ruling out the formation of ternary Cu-SRHA surface complexes. Our findings demonstrate that SRHA plays an important role in controlling the fate and transport of Cu(II) in calcite-bearing systems.