兰州—民和盆地第四纪地层学研究

在野外调查和室内分析的基础上，对兰州－民和盆地的晚新生代地层和环境进行了较系统的研究，对第四纪地层进行了地貌学、岩石学、年代学、土壤地层学和古气候学研究，查明了研究区各地貌单元形成时代与物质组成特点、侵蚀期和堆积期的旋回过程及黄土中1．9MaB.P．以来磁化率与古气候、古土壤事件（S26－S0）、古气候演化的周期（45ka、100ka）、特点和黄土中15万年以来短尺度气候事件（H1－9及DO1－10）。     

兰州-民和盆地下白垩统研究新进展

本文主要从岩石地层和层序地层两方面对兰州-民和盆地早白垩纪地层近几年来的最新研究成果进行了简述。根据岩石组合和岩性旋回建立了4个组,并根据对层序界面的研究识别划分出1个层序、3个小层序组、13个小层序。     

兰州-民和盆地早白垩世的沉积环境分析

兰州-民和盆地早白垩世充填了巨厚的陆源碎屑物。笔者通过对碎屑物组合方式的研究,陆盆内为冲积扇相※湖泊相※湖控三角洲相的充填序列;通过对陆盆的基底特征、古流向、物源区和陆盆演化的分析,揭示了盆地的沉积特征。     

兰州-民和盆地河口群层序地层格架特征及盆地演化

兰州-民和盆地河口群形成于早白垩世,其间充填了巨厚的陆源碎屑物,碎屑物的组合内容和方式反映了冲积扇相、扇三角洲相、湖泊相沉积体系占主导。盆地地层层序具有退积型、加积型、进积型叠置的变化旋回,显示了全韵律的特点,代表了构造旋回幕的产物。根据盆地的发展演化特征和层序界面的确定,初步建立了盆地的层序地层格架,同时阐述了盆地的演化过程。     

兰州—民和盆地第三纪沉积特征及环境

在野外区域地质调查的基础上 ,通过岩性、沉积构造、古流向、垂向序列、沉积体三维形态和组合及室内粒度分析、扫描电镜分析等 ,于研究区第三纪地层中识别出了三角洲相、三角洲平原相、河流相、湖泊相、冲积扇相及风成砂丘。系统地研究了盆地的垂向充填序列 ,并且就对应的环境演变进行了较详细的探讨。     

兰州-民和盆地构造研究及与新构造运动相关灾害问题讨论

通过兰州－民和盆地１：５万区调成果及相关资料综合研究,笔者认为该盆地发生、发展演化严格受在底断裂构造控制,区域上与青藏高原的隆升关系密切。本文主要就控舅断裂的运动学、力学特征及盆地不同发展演化阶段的充填序列、构造形变组合等特征进行总结,并对盆地侏罗纪以来的构造应力场特征加以分析,讨论了与新构造运动相关的地震、没坡、泥石流及水土流失等地质灾害问题,为防患减灾提供地质依据。     

兰州-民和盆地恐龙足印化石形成的地质特征

兰州—民和盆地恐龙足印化石赋存和保存的特征表明:该区早白垩世中期的构造稳定,盆地扩张时期出现的湖沼环境是恐龙足印化石形成的最佳时期和场所,形成之后的湖进序列是良好的覆盖层。     

兰州-民和盆地恐龙足印赋存特征及寻找方向

兰州-民和盆地恐龙足印化石形态具很大的不同。恐龙足印化石形态与古环境紧密相关。盆地扩张时期的滨岸环境是恐龙足印化石赋存的最佳环境。     

兰州-民和盆地下白垩统河口群沉积序列及沉积相研究

兰州—民和盆地下白垩统河口群是一套厚度巨大的陆相碎屑岩沉积，根据岩性组合和沉积旋回，自下而上将河口群划分为8个非正式的组级单位。通过对河口群基本层序的分析和沉积序列及沉积相的研究，可以识别出冲积扇相、三角洲相和滨浅湖相3类相环境，细分为13种微相。沉积相的演变从整体上反映了整个盆地的演化过程。河口群的沉积环境由冲积扇相→三角洲相→滨浅湖相→三角洲平原相演变，形成了一个完整的序列，反映了盆地从开裂→扩张→萎缩→消亡的不同发展阶段。     

兰州—民和盆地地下热水资源潜力评估

通过对兰州—民和盆地地热地质条件综合研究,首次提出热储的概念模型,即地壳深部供热—深大断裂导热—低热导率岩层聚热—侧向地下径流补水。首次明确圈定地下热水资源远景区4处,并采用定量的方法估算出4个远景区的静态可采地下热水资源量热值为6 75×1012KJ(相当于2302 66万吨标准煤的能量)。其中兰州七里河远景区和水登咸水河远景区分别占可采总量的16 24%和77 87%,二者的资源潜力相对较大,具备较好的经济技术开发条件。     

Quaternary stratigraphy of the Koratallaiyar-Cooum basin,Chennai

In this paper we present Quaternary stratigraphy of the area around Chennai based on archaeological findings on the ferricrete surface, geomorphological observations supplemented by radiocarbon dating. The coastal landscape around Chennai, Tamil Nadu, has preserved ferruginised boulder gravel deposits, ferricretes and fluvial deposits of varying thickness. The area studied is approximately 150 km east to west and 180 km north to south with a broad continental shelf towards the seaward. Several rivers enter the Bay of Bengal along its shores like the Koratallaiyar, Cooum and the Adyar. Precambrian charnockite and Upper Gondwana sandstone and shale bedrock rim the shelf margin. For the most part, the Upper Pleistocene-Holocene fluvial sediments overlie an erosion surface that has cut into older Pleistocene sediments and ferricrete surface. Incised valleys that cut into this erosion surface are up to 5–6 km wide and have a relief of at least 30 m. The largest valley is that cut by the Koratallaiyar River. Holocene sediments deposited in the incised valleys include fluvial gravels, early transgressive channel sands and floodplain silts. Older Pleistocene sediments are deposited before and during the 120-ka high stand (Marine isotope stage 5). They consist of ferricretes and ferricrete gravel formed in nearshore humid environments. Muddy and sandy clastic sediments dated to the ca. 5 ka highstand suggest that the climate was semi arid at this time with less fluvial transport. The coarsening up sequence indicates deposition by high intensity channel processes. Pedogenic mottled, clayey silt unit represents an important tectonic event when the channel was temporarily drained and sediment were sub aerially exposed. Uplift of the region has caused the local rivers to incise into the landscape, forming degradation terraces.     

豫西南晚白垩世地层时代研究的进展

近年来，豫西南一带红层时代的研究，获得了包括恐龙蛋、恐龙与轮藻、介形类、孢粉及同位素年龄等方面的重要材料，为区内划分的晚白垩世高沟组、马家村组、寺沟组地层时代，提供了新的和可靠的证据，排除了认为属于早白垩世、白垩纪或其他意见的可能。     

Quaternary Fourier stratigraphy: Orbital templates and Milankovitch anomalies

A simple template-generating algorithm using summer insolation at 65°N as input provides a timeseries for the last 2 million years that can be compared directly with the oxygen isotope record in deep-sea sediments. Discrepancies between template and record are diminished by representing both series as Fourier expansions, and importing the power spectrum of the record to the template, without changing phase. The remaining differences between the hybrid template and the record contain messages about time spans of unusual behavior of the system. The most striking anomalies in the Quaternary are the unusually cold period following the mid-Pleistocene climate shift at 900 ka (Stage 22) and much of Stage 11 near 400 ka, representing excess warming. The present interglacial also is too warm, compared with expectations. Anomalies are thought to be the result of stabilization of unusually cold periods (by albedo feedback) and unusually warm periods (by carbon dioxide feedback). It is proposed that there is a connection between surplus ice buildup (after the mid-Pleistocene climate shifi at 900 ka) on marine shelves and subsequent extra-large transgressions, which stabilize warm periods by shallow-water carbonate production (coral reef hypothesis).     

Late Quaternary stratigraphy and sedimentology of the inner part of southwest Joseph Bonaparte Gulf

Joseph Bonaparte Gulf is a large embayment on the northwestern continental margin of Australia. It is approximately 300 km east‐west and 120 km north‐south with a broad continental shelf to seaward. Maximum width from the southernmost shore of Joseph Bonaparte Gulf to the edge of the continental shelf is 560 km. Several large rivers enter the gulf along its shores. The climate is monsoonal, sub‐humid, and cyclone‐prone during the December‐March wet season. A bedrock high (Sahul Rise) rims the shelf margin. The sediments within the gulf are carbonates to seaward, grading into clastics inshore. A seaward‐thinning wedge of highstand muds dominates the sediments of the inner shelf of Joseph Bonaparte Gulf. Mud banks up to 15m thick have developed inshore. Coarse‐grained sand ridges up to 15 m high are found off the mouth of the Ord River. These overlie an Upper Pleistocene transgressive lag of mixed carbonate and gravelly siliciclastic sand. Four drowned strandlines are present on the inner shelf at depths of 20, 25, 28 and 30 m below datum. These are interpreted as having formed during stillstands in the Late Pleistocene transgression. Older strandlines at great depths are inferred as having formed during the fall in sea‐level following the last highstand. For the most part the Upper Pleistocene‐Holocene marine sediments overlie an erosion surface cut into older Pleistocene sediments. Incised valleys cut into this erosion surface are up to 5 km wide and have a relief of at least 20 m. The largest valley is that cut by the Ord River. Upper Pleistocene sediments deposited in the incised valleys include interpreted lowstand fluvial gravels, early transgressive channel sands and floodplain silts, and late transgressive estuarine sands and gravels. Older Pleistocene sediments are inferred to have been deposited before and during the 120 ka highstand (isotope stage 5). They consist of sandy calcarenites deposited in high‐energy tide‐dominated shelf environments. Still older shelf and valley‐fill sediments underlie these. The contrast between the Holocene muddy clastic sediments and the sandy carbonates deposited by the 120 ka highstand suggests that either the climate was more arid in the past, with less fluvial transport, or that mud was more effectively trapped in estuaries, allowing development of carbonate depositional environments inshore.     

Quaternary stratigraphy of the buried valleys of the lower Red Deer River,Alberta, Canada

The Quaternary fills of the buried valleys of southern Alberta and Saskatchewan have provided a wealth of information for the reconstruction of the glacial-interglacial record of the western plains of Canada, and this paper reports on the previously unstudied stratigraphy of the buried Calgary Valley and its former tributaries in the lower Red Deer River area. We attempt to differentiate Empress Group sediments, which potentially relate to pre-glacial, interglacial/ interstadial and post-glacial lake and river deposition, using sedimentology, stratigraphy and palaeoecology. Twenty-nine stratigraphical logs indicate that Empress Group sediments have infilled a considerably large area of badlands and tributary coulees that once drained into the Calgary Valley, located 15 km to the north of Dinosaur Provincial Park. Radiocarbon dates of 52.4 ka, 27.4 ka and > 42.4 ka and glacially modified quartz grains suggest that at least some of the valley fills date to interglacial or interstadial periods and may be mid-Wisconsinan in age. However, outcrops of an older till overlying other valley fills suggest that the buried valleys were only partially excavated during interglacials/interstadials and that older (even pre-glacial) sediments could have survived. Subglacial channels, recognisable on air photographs, largely coincide with buried valley positions due to the preferential excavation of the Quaternary sediment by meltwater and are filled with post-glacial lake sediment from which a radiocarbon date of 16 ka BP was obtained. Pre-glacial and glacial/post-glacial Empress Group sediments are lithologically indistinct but cover a large time span in southern Alberta.     

甘肃兰州-民和盆地中铺地区下白垩统河口群沉积特征及其盆地分析意义*

甘肃兰州-民和盆地是中国西部典型的陆内断陷沉积盆地,该盆地发育的下白垩统河口群是一套以红褐色为主的碎屑岩地层。依据野外调查,以盆地分析方法为手段,从地层、沉积相、物源和古水流等方面入手对盆地东南部的中铺地区河口群进行了沉积环境的系统分析。通过对研究区内河口群沉积相、沉积构造和沉积序列的研究,认为整套地层垂向上发育有冲积扇相-辫状河相-曲流河相沉积,并进一步划分出若干微相;同时结合该地区的物源和古水流分析认为,早白垩世研究区内的物源主要来自南部的祁连山多旋回造山带;盆地内的下白垩统河口群在不同地区呈现出不同特点,并以此建立了兰州-民和盆地早白垩世古地理格局及盆地演化模式。     

盐湖盆地层序地层学研究综述

通过对盐湖盆地层序地层学的研究现状、研究方法的综述,以启迪人们致力于盐湖盆地特别是陆相盐湖盆地层序地层学的研究。指出在世界上研究程度较高的盐湖油气盆地中,绝大多数都是海相沉积盆地,即关于碳酸盐岩层序地层学的研究较为成熟,而国内外还未见系统的盐湖盆地特别是陆相盐湖盆地层序地层学的研究成果,盐湖盆地的层序地层解释至今缺乏一个比较适用的模式或研究方法。其中,关键是如何解释盐岩沉积在层序发育中的地位和作用,了解盐岩沉积的湖平面变化特征,研究盆地发育与沉积充填历史。     

焉耆盆地中生界层序地层和沉积体系分析

利用层序地层学原理和方法，建立了焉耆盆地中生界层序地层格架，将其划分为4个层序，继而分析了各个层序的地层特征、层序演化及各个体系域的沉积体系展布。研究表明，焉耆盆地中生代存在南北两大物源体系，盆地总体上以河流－湖泊沼泽相的浅水沉积为主，湖泊水体深度不大且分布范围有限；层序Ⅲ的水进体系域是湖盆发育的鼎盛时期，构成了本区良好的盖层；通过层序构成分析，探讨了隐蔽圈闭发育的有利层位及区带。