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中尺度数值模式业务预报系统 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
中尺度数值模式业务预报系统是在美国大气研究中心(NCAR)提供的中尺度数值模式(简称MMT)的基础上,结合当地的特殊地形和天气特点进行修改而完成的。系统采用T106资料作为第一猜测场,用实时资料作为初始场进行积分计算,预报未来48小时的天气情况。系统直接从省台的NT网上读取所需资料,计算结果以图形的格式存放在省台的NT网上。系统运行自动化程度高,计算稳定,预报结果较令人满意,为业务天气预报提供了客观定量的预报指标。 相似文献
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连志鸾 《南京气象学院学报》2002,25(4):548-554
选取典型个例,用MM4模式对华北中尺度低压进行模拟分析以及敏感性试验。检验了MM4模式对行星边界层中尺度系统的预报能力。通过调整风场,温度场,气压场与地形的配置关系,设计多种试验方案,并讨论了气流与山脉交角大小,冷暖平流对华北中低压的影响,结果表明,气流与山脉交角大,低层暖平流或弱冷平流,对华北中低压形成是有利的。反之,则不利于华北中低压出现。通过对天气观测事实和模拟试验结果进行分析,提出对华北中低压有重要作用的大尺度背景条件。 相似文献
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中尺度业务数值预报试验模式系统原理和应用(四)中尺度数值模式应用实例陈伟民,王强(兰州中心气象台730020)PSU/NCAR的中尺度数值模式自建立以来,经过不断的改进和发展,并进行了大量模拟试验,取得了令人瞩目的成果。考虑到大多数读者没有时间阅读每... 相似文献
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临沂中尺度数值预报系统及应用 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
介绍了临沂中尺度数值预报系统及预报产品的释用和模式系统应用雷达资料情况,并对2005年6~10月的业务运行结果进行了检验,对小雨和中雨预报效果较好,TS评分较高,对夜间温度预报平均值绝对误差在1.52~2.52℃之间,平均均方根误差在2.01~2.93℃之间。该系统降水预报质量较高,气温预报误差小,准确率高,对定时、定点、定量的精细化预报具有较高的参考价值。应用自主开发的SDAF软件包,对系统的预报产品进行释用,研制了暴雨、空气质量、极端气温、干热风等预报方法。将多普勒雷达回波强度加入模式,改变模式水汽场,明显改进了预报。对径向速度反演降水系统内部风场进入中尺度模式进行了初步试验,得出了一些有益结论。 相似文献
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中尺度业务预报试验数值模式系统 总被引:13,自引:5,他引:8
以引进的美国Penn State/NCAR中尺度模式(MM2和MM4)为基础,按照实时业务预报需要和我国资料特点,在PC/386微机上研制了中尺度业务预报试验数值模式系统。在1989—1990年进行的实时业务预报试验中,该系统运行稳定,预报时效能满足实时业务预报要求,预报结果对12—24小时短期天气预报具有参考价值,适合于省(市)级气象台站等业务单位使用。 相似文献
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中尺度强对流云系相互作用与热带气旋形成的数值模拟 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文是热带气旋形成的多尺度组合理论的续篇它以新的方法——数值模拟的结果支持了这一理论。特别是它进一步证实了“热带大气涡旋增幅效应”的存在,也进一步定量地解释了热带气旋前期低压环流的形成。 相似文献
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利用MM5和η坐标等中尺度数值预报模式,对嫩江、松花江流域东北冷涡大暴雨过程进行了数值试验。可以肯定这两个模式对这类暴雨有一定的预报能力,能揭示暴雨过程中的一些中尺度特征,在业务上具有很好的应用价值和潜力;数值试验表明,大、小兴安岭和长白山等地形对嫩江、松花江流域的暴雨形成有重要的作用,主要表现在对暴雨落区和范围的影响;切变带上升运动的强迫来自中层偏南气流与偏东干冷气流间强风向切变形成的动力抬升作用;阻塞高压的减弱会导致其底部偏东气流的减弱及后部偏南气流在高层减弱、在低层增强,使高层辐合增强及低层辐散增强,从而使降水减弱,并使系统偏南、偏东。 相似文献
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大尺度环境中中尺度对流系统生成的数值模拟试验 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对1983年6月11日20时(北京时)实测资料进行低通滤波处理,取其大尺度部分作为初值,用七层原始方程模式对江淮气旋内中尺度对流系统的生成过程进行数值模拟试验.结果表明,从大尺度背景场出发,可以模拟出中尺度对流系统的生成.在西南低空急流十分潮湿的情况下,中尺度对流系统可以在江淮气旋暖区、低空急流大风速中心的前部、位势稳定度倾向维持负值的地区生成和发展.它的动力、热力结构,降水分布,以及发生、发展过程等,都与暖季(3—9月)在美国中部频繁出现的中尺度对流复合体(MCC)十分相似. 相似文献
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热带气旋生成过程中包含不同尺度环流及其相互作用。为此,本文将热带气旋生成数值模拟的起点提前到模拟中尺度涡旋(MCV)的生成,从而利用高分辨率数值试验结果,对热带气旋过程中的不同尺度涡旋活动进行分析。模式首先模拟了季风涡旋的东南侧增强的西南气流中出现低形变旋转性扰动,随着扰动的旋转性增强,中层出现水平尺度为200 km左右的MCV。在扰动区内的不同高度上还发现10~20 km尺度不等的中γ气旋性涡旋扰动,其中部分涡旋扰动具有热塔的特征,中γ气旋性涡旋扰动在MCV的旋转环境内不断组织化,低层气旋性涡旋扰动的分布比中层更加集中。模拟表明这些较小尺度的气旋性中尺度涡旋扰动对热带气旋的生成有重要作用。 相似文献
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The generation of mesoscale convective systems is simulated by a 7-level primitive equation model. The large-scale parts of observed, data at 1200 Z June 11, 1983, which are obtained by low-pass filter, are used as the initial data. The results show that the generation of mesoscale convective systems can be simulated from fields of meteorological variables on the large-scale background. When the low-level south-west jet stream is very moist, mesoscale convective systems can develop ahead of the wind speed maximum in the warm sector of Jiang-Huai (Changjiang-Huaihe Rivers) cyclone, where the potential stability tends to remain negative. Furthermore, they are similar to the mesoscale convective complex (MCC), which appears frequently in the central part of the United States during the warm season (March to September), in dynamical and thermal structure, distribution of precipitation and the process of generation and development. 相似文献
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Arctic outbreaks over the Canadian Western Plains during the late spring period frequently take the form of a cold east-northeasterly flow over a warmer, sloping surface. A mesoscale numerical model is developed in an attempt to simulate such circulations. Following Lavoie (1972) the atmospheric structure of the cold air mass is represented by three layers: a constant flux layer in contact with the earth's surface, a well-mixed planetary boundary layer capped by an inversion, and a deep stratum of overlying stable air. Averaging the set of governing primitive equations through the depth of the mixed layer yields predictive equations for the horizontal wind components, potential temperature, specific humidity, and the height of the inversion. Time-dependent calculations are limited to this layer by parameterizing the interactions between the mixed layer and both the underlying and overlying layers. Precipitation from limited convective clouds, and latent heat within the layer are included in terms of mesoscale variables.A 47.6-km by 47.6-km grid mesh of 1369 points covering the Canadian Prairie Provinces is used to represent the variables. The governing equations are solved numerically with terrain influences, surface roughness, temperature variations, and moisture fluxes allowed to perturb the mixed layer from its initial conditions until resultant mesoscale boundary-layer weather patterns evolve.The mean spring topographic precipitation pattern is successfully reproduced by the simulated late spring upslope flow with limited convective precipitation. Mesoscale planetary boundary-layer weather patterns appear to exert a dominant control over the location and intensity of perturbations in the spring precipitation pattern. The elimination of surface heating significantly reduces the area and intensity of precipitation. A case study based on observed initial conditions showed that the model could reproduce a persistent limited convective precipitation pattern maintained by upslope flow and that a low-level trough exerts a marked influence on the location and the intensity of the precipitation. 相似文献
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Summary The transition from a cold to a warm state of the E1 Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle is studied using Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Sets (COADS) for the period 1950–1992.The onset of El Niño (November to December of the year preceding the El Niño) is characterized by an occurrence of minimum sea-level pressure anomalies in the subtropics around the node line of the Southern Oscillation. This pressure fall favors the formation of the anomalous cyclonic circulations over the western Pacific and leads to the establishment of anomalous westerlies in the western equatorial Pacific during the boreal spring of the El Niño year. The westerly anomalies then intensify and propagate into the central Pacific by the end of the El Niño year. This is an essential feature of the development of a basin-wide warming.It is argued that the development of the equatorial westerly anomalies over the western Pacific may result from the thermodynamic coupling between the atmosphere and ocean. In boreal winter and spring the mean zonal winds change from westerly to casterly over the western equatorial Pacific. A moderate equatorial westerly anomaly initially imposed on such a mean state may create eastward SST gradients via changing rates of evaporational cooling and turbulent mixing. The equatorial SST gradients would, in turn, induce differential heating and zonal pressure gradients which reinforce the westerly anomalies. The feedback between the eastward SST gradients and westerly anomalies promotes the eastward propagation of the westerly anomalies.With 9 Figures 相似文献
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Mesoscale cellular convections over the East China Sea during cold air outbreaks are simulated with a high-resolution numerical model. The model incorporates important physical processes involved in shallow convection, such as the exchange of heat and moisture between water and air; condensation; evaporation; and vertical turbulent transfer of heat, moisture, and momentum.The results show that open cells develop with aspect ratios as large as 14. The structure of the convection is examined in detail. The organized mesoscale circulation is responsible for breaking up the initial stratus cloud deck and enhancing turbulence in the upward-moving area (especially inside cumulus clouds). However, it is found that the heat flux contributed by MCC's themselves is much smaller than the eddy heat flux. 相似文献
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基于高分辨率中尺度气象模式的实际雷暴过程的数值模拟试验 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:8
雷暴数值预报的实际应用离我们还有多远?本文对此进行了尝试, 即利用一个复杂的高分辨率中尺度气象模式驱动一个三维雷电模式, 在只采用常规气象观测资料的条件下, 对北京的一次实际雷暴过程进行模拟试验, 分析了雷暴云的宏观动力、 微物理过程及电结构的时空变化特征以及其可能的相互作用机制。结果表明: 利用高分辨中尺度模式预报出的三维气象场作为雷电模式的初始场, 完全可以不需添加虚假的扰动来触发雷暴云的发展, 高分辨中尺度模式的预报场本身所包含的水平非均匀、 垂直强非静力性及较强的对流不稳定信息足够促发雷暴云的剧烈发展; 用较为真实的三维气象场作为初始场模拟产生的电场分布特征与云微物理分布特征及环境气象要素的分布结构非常协调, 得到的雷暴云的电荷结构特征以及电结构随时间的演变特征更为复杂, 更真实的体现了实际雷暴云本身发展的复杂性, 同时, 模式能够模拟出合理的云闪及正负云地闪, 且模拟的闪电频数随时间发展演变趋势基本与观测实况基本吻合, 从而表现了对雷电天气潜在的预报能力。本次模拟的北京雷暴云在发展过程中, 水物质霰的最大质量比、 最大正电场强度及闪电频数随模拟时间的演变发展趋势非常相似。 相似文献