壤中气汞量测量方法在地震前兆观测中的应用

本文介绍了壤中气汞量测量方法及JM—3金膜测汞仪最佳测试条件的选择。野外监测期间在1986年门源6.4级地震及1988年澜沧等地震前均观测到了气汞浓度的突变。利用壤中气汞浓度的变化预报了1987年9月12日张掖西武当4.5级地震。观测事实表明,利用壤中气汞浓度的变化来预报地震是可行的。     

壤中气汞前兆观测及其应用前景

本文介绍一种前兆观测方法——壤中气汞定点观测。作者近年来在研究和推广水汞观测的同时,在四川、河北、北京等地开展了壤中气汞定点观测试验。在此据试验结果初步探讨壤中气汞与地震活动的关系及应用前景,还将介绍采气、测定方法,以供有关同志参考。     

从汞异常讨论阳江——从化断裂的活动性及对孕震的影响

根据区域重砂普查圈定的辰砂分散晕和跨断层剖面壤中气汞测量结果，联系已有地震资料，讨论了阳江－－从化断裂带的活动性及汞异常与地震活动的关系。认为：沿断裂 带群集的汞民中以作为活动断裂的判别标志之一；汞沿断裂裂隙向上运移系促使断裂活动的动力因素之一；汞异常段之间的相对低值区或其外侧系地震活动的主要场所。     

壤中气汞测量在活断层研究中的应用

利用JM—3型数字金膜测汞仪对渭河盆地活动断层进行壤中气汞测量,取得了初步结果。认为,壤中气汞异常与活动断层存在着密切的关系,通过测汞寻找隐伏活动断层,判定断层活动性是可行的。     

隐伏断层性状的汞地球化学标志研究

本文介绍了自１９８６年以来用汞探测隐伏断层性状及在工程地震应用中的部分结果，通过研究这些结果作者认为，用土壤中气汞可以准确地确定隐伏断层的位置，而根据土壤中气汞和土汞的异常特征确定隐伏断层的位置；而根据土壤中气汞和土汞的异常特征确定隐伏断层的倾向也是有效的。这些结论被浅层物探、石油地震勘探及探槽等资料所证实。文中还从实际资料出发，对用汞来确定隐伏断层的性状，断层顶端的埋深等其活动性分段及汞异常特征     

从测定壤中的气汞量来研究活断层

引言测定壤中的气汞量来研究活断层,是探测断层及其附近壤中气汞量的大小以确定断层活动性的一种地球化学方法。我们采用了XG-4型数字测汞仪于1985年11月至1986年5月先后在广东河源-邵武断裂、广州-从化断裂、广州瘦狗岭断裂、白泥-沙湾断裂、珠江-威远断裂等地布置了29条测线(图1),大部分垂直断裂走向,按一定间距取了296个样点。从测点样品所显示的气汞量的数值来看,过断层的测点气汞量值都有不     

试剂对微量汞分析的影响及其引起的“干扰异常”的排除

用ＸＧ－冷原子吸收型数字测汞仪对水汞等进行纳克级别以下的极微含量分析。测量中加入的一些试剂影响测量数据的准确性和稳定性。对此笔者进行了一些实验研究。本文分析和介绍了测定中添加剂试剂的影响情况和一些实测数据分析实例，并提出了一般的解决方法１，在地震和其他领域微量汞测量中有使用价值。     

首都圈地区汞测量典型震例剖析及其映震效能评价

本文简述了汞测量探索试验及首都圈地区测汞网点的概况，通过妙峰山、阳原、大同、沙河等地震前后汞测量资料剖析，讨论了汞测量的映震效能及其监测预报前景。实际资料表明：汞测量是地下流体化学预报地震的有效新指标之一。     

乌鲁木齐地震活动区的地下水汞测量

对新疆地下流体中的汞量进行测试的结果表明，震前水汞变化明显，异常幅度大，突跳至发震时间短，是短临预报灵敏项目。开展地下流体中的汞测量为新疆水化短临预报地震研究开创了新局面。     

汞量测量监测预报地震的前景

六十年代以来,汞量测量已广泛用于寻找固体矿产、石油天然气、地热资源勘查以及深部构造填图等,其效果已被国内外肯定。 苏联学者В.з.富尔索夫报道了汞蒸气测量在地震活动中的应用,1966—1981年,他们对地震区及其外围的深断裂带作了研究,指出深断裂带上方有汞蒸气的异常浓度,在地震活动频繁的深断裂带上方,汞蒸气浓度最高,汞蒸气浓度随断裂带地震活动的变化而     

乌鲁木齐市城区隐伏断裂气体地球化学探测

利用气体地球化学方法对乌鲁木齐市城区７条隐伏断裂的重点地段进行了１１个剖面的定位探测。结果发现,断裂带中地球脱气现象十分强烈,而远离断裂脱气则迅速减弱。１１个剖面中９个剖面的土壤气氡在断裂上方异常显著,６个剖面的土壤气汞对断裂反映明显。经过数据数据处理和对比分析,有６条隐伏断裂在地面延伸的位置得到了较精确的判定。应当指出,地下水和人为开挖等因素对城市隐伏断裂的气体地球化学探测有较明显的干扰。     

国外断层土壤气的研究及其在地震预测中的应用

断层土壤气的研究与应用已得到世界各国的广泛关注,但由于采样深度较浅,胺环境条件特别是气象因素的影响较明显。文章就国外断层土壤气测量的影响因素的一些研究结果作了介绍,并提供了国外获得的一些断层土壤气前兆震例。     

Review on the study of topographic effect on seismic ground motion

Topographic effect study is a very important research topic in seismology, seismic engineering,earthquake engineering, engineering earthquake construction and engineering seismology. This paper focuses on its present development status. Post-earthquake investigation has found that the existence of topography caused more serious earthquake damage. The actual seismographs also recorded the topographic amplification effect of 6 to 7 times and even more than 10 times. Numerical simulation is an important technique to study topographic effect, which complements the lack of observed records. However researches on 3-D topographic effect are not enough and need to be studied deeper. To find the main influence factors and the quantitative relationship between topography and ground motion are required very urgently. Obviously the achievements not only can be applied in the earthquake resistant design, but also can provide the quantitative pre-earthquake disaster prediction and quantitative post-earthquake disaster evaluation.     

GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TECTONIC GAS IN HUTUBI UNDERGROUND GAS STORAGE

The migrating and enriching of fault gas during dynamic load-unload process are important indexes to evaluate the stress state and tectonic activity of underground medium. The Hutubi underground gas storage provides a natural experiment site for the analysis of the relationship between the gas geochemistry and the stress-strain status. In this paper, the soil gas concentrations of Rn, CO₂, Hg and H₂ during the gas injection in the Hutubi underground gas storage were analyzed. The results show that the soil gas contents and changing trend are close to the background value in the non-reservoir area and fault zone, which may reveal the weak activity of the fault. Significantly higher concentrations of soil gas H₂ and Hg are observed in the gas storage area, where H₂ maximum reaches 5.551×10^-4 and Hg maximum reaches 53ng/m³. Moreover, the abnormal soil gas H₂ and Hg measurement locations are more consistent. The variation trends of soil gas Hg, H₂, Rn, and CO₂may be related to the different gas generation and response mechanisms. The concentrations of soil gas H₂ and Hg are sensitive to the variation of pressure and the development of cracks in the underground gas storage, and they can reveal gas injection's effect on fault activity. This study provides a new basis for analyzing the influence of gas injection and withdrawal in Hutubi underground gas storage on fault activity.     

复杂长线工程场地工程地质与工程地震条件评价——以永古高速公路为例

本文以甘肃省永登-古浪高速公路为例,通过野外地质调查、物探和钻探工作,对高速公路沿线地形地貌、水文地质、地层岩性介质、构造地质、地震等几个方面进行了详细研究和分类,并在此基础上对公路沿线分段的工程地质与工程地震条件进行了评价,用以说明复杂长线工程场地工程地质与工程地震条件评价的工作内容和方法。研究结果表明永古高速公路沿线工程地质与工程地震条件复杂多变,各区段均有特殊的工程地质问题和工程地震条件,施工设计中应根据各段特点采取相应的措施。     

用气体地球化学方法探讨活断层的有关问题

探讨了以氡为主的断层气测量结果与断层活动性的关系;并讨论了土质、土壤、含水量、取样深度等对断层气氡测量的影响。     

叠后地震属性分析在油气田勘探开发中的应用

地震属性分析技术一直是地震特殊处理和解释的主要研究内容.随着油气勘探开发的发展,地震属性分析技术已经成为油藏地球物理研究的核心内容,是勘探地震与开发地震之间纽带.本文针对鄂尔多斯盆地的低幅度构造、低孔隙、低渗透率、致密性隐蔽油气藏的特点,综合应用相干数据体分析、地震相自动分类定性识别砂体厚度、地震振幅属性分析、频谱分解、多井约束的储层叠后反演等叠后属性分析技术,探索了一套适合该区油气特征的储层横向预测及油气识别模式.为该区油气勘探开发,储量计算提供可靠依据.同时也为隐蔽性油气藏的勘探开发积累了经验.     

模拟磁带记录地震仪在人工地震大折射中的应用

本文围绕着模拟磁带记录地震仪，如何应用于工程地震领域中，进行基底勘查这个问题，从地震仪的改制原理、模拟磁带记录数据的采集处理，及其实际应用效果三方面进行了论述。     

Macro- and Micro-Purge Soil-Gas Sampling Methods for the Collection of Contaminant Vapors

Purging influence on soil‐gas concentrations for volatile organic compounds (VOCs), as affected by sampling tube inner diameter and sampling depth (i.e., system volume) for temporary probes in fine‐grained soils, was evaluated at three different field sites. A macro‐purge sampling system consisted of a standard, hollow, 3.2‐cm outer diameter (OD) drive probe with a retractable sampling point attached to an appropriate length of 0.48‐cm inner diameter (ID) Teflon^® tubing. The macro‐purge sampling system had a purge system volume of 24.5 mL at a 1‐m depth. In contrast, the micro‐purge sampling systems were slightly different between the field sites and consisted of a 1.27‐cm OD drive rod with a 0.10‐cm ID stainless steel tube or a 3.2‐cm OD drive rod with a 0.0254‐cm inner diameter stainless steel tubing resulting in purge system volumes of 1.2 and 7.05 mL at 1‐m depths, respectively. At each site and location within the site, with a few exceptions, the same contaminants were identified in the same relative order of abundances indicating the sampling of the same general soil atmosphere. However, marked differences in VOC concentrations were identified between the sampling systems, with micro‐purge samples having up to 27 times greater concentrations than their corresponding macro‐purge samples. The higher concentrations are the result of a minimal disturbance of the ambient soil atmosphere during purging. The minimal soil‐gas atmospheric disturbance of the micro‐purge sampling system allowed for the collection of a sample that is more representative of the soil atmosphere surrounding the sampling point. That is, a sample that does not contain an atmosphere that has migrated from distance through the geologic material or from the surface in response to the vacuum induced during purging soil‐gas concentrations. It is thus recommended that when soil‐gas sampling is conducted using temporary probes in fine‐grained soils, the sampling system use the smallest practical ID soil‐gas tubing and minimize purge volume to obtain the soil‐gas sample with minimal risk of leakage so that proper decisions, based on more representative soil‐gas concentrations, about the site can be made.     

图象识别方法在工程地震学中的应用

本文讨论图象识别方法在工程地震学中应用的现状及前景。首先简略介绍算法的基本原理及对算法的改进,然后作为新研究成果的介绍论述了图象识别方法在确定潜在震源区、砂土液化势方面的应用以及用C-拓扑模糊决策分类系统——一种新的动态分类系统去估计潜在震源区随时间变化发震能力——地震势的方法