河西走廊榆木山前土壤发育特征及其随时间(年代)的演变关系

在河西走廊榆木山前开展了旨在用于活动构造测年工作的土壤发育年代学方法的研究。通过在不同时代河流阶地上开挖土壤探槽、系统采集土壤样品并进行化学成分分析,以及对各级河流阶地形成年代的１４Ｃ和热释光年龄测定,详细研究了本区与断层新活动有关的土壤发育的主要物理和化学特性及其随时间（年代）的演变规律,初步建立起了土壤ＣａＣＯ３含量和ＣａＣＯ３累积指数与发育年代的定量计算关系式。经回检和对比分析认为,所建定量计算关系式可试用于同类地区活动断层的测年工作     

河西走廊榆木山前土壤发育特征及其随时间的演变关系

在河西走廊榆木山前开展了旨在用于活动构造测年工作的土壤发育年代学新方法的研究。通过在不同时代河流阶地上开挖土壤探槽,系统采集土壤样品并进行化学成分分析,以及对各级河流阶地形成年代的＾１４Ｃ和热释光年龄测定,详细研究了该区与断层新活动有关的土壤发育的主要物理和化学特性及其随时间（年代）的演变规律,初步建立起了土壤ＣａＣＯ３含量和ＣａＣＯ３累积指数数值与发育年代之间的定量计算关系式,经回检和对比分析认     

1998年怀来后郝窑断层气CO2变化特征分析

分析了１９９８年怀来后郝窑测点断层气ＣＯ２变化特征及其与影响因素地温和降雨的关系。一般情况下该测点ＣＯ２变化与地温呈正相关。讨论了导致该测点断层气ＣＯ２变化与地温呈负相关的原因。认为３月～６月初该测点ＣＯ２测值与地温呈反向变化是张北－尚义６．２级地震的后效;６月中旬至９月中旬的反向变化是由于降雨过多引赵的,介绍了１９９９年１月２９日内蒙古锡林浩特５．２级地震及３月１１日张北５．６级地震前后该测点断     

地下气体动态特征与包头6.4级地震

初步总结了１９９６年５月３日内蒙古治区包头西Ｍｓ６．４地震前后，首都圈北京市昌平县太平庄台自流井溶解气体ＣＯ２、逸出气体Ｈｅ，河北省怀来县后郝窑台断层土壤气体ＣＯ２，北京市昌平县白浮台断层土壤气体Ｈｇ的动态特征，并对有关的问题进行了初步讨论。     

红河断裂北段土壤中断层气含量变化特征

介绍了作者在滇西地震预报实验场区进行的土壤中断层气研究结果．沿红河断裂带断层气组分Ｈ２,ＣＯ２,Ｈｇ和Ｒｎ含量很高．沿该断裂洱源测线断层气Ｈ２,ＣＯ２和Ｒｎ含量最低,向南Ｈ２,ＣＯ２含量逐渐升高,其中以定西岭测线的Ｈ２,ＣＯ２含量最高．表明在该段断裂活动强烈,而洱源一带断裂活动较弱．     

利用黄土剖面的古土壤年龄研究毛毛山断裂的滑动速率

利用１４Ｃ、热释光（ＴＬ）样品年代及扩散方程计算结果，结合区域黄土剖面中古土壤年龄，对毛毛山地区晚第四纪各级地貌年龄进行了对比研究。根据毛毛山活动断裂水平位移和垂直位移分布明显的分组特征，求得毛毛山断裂带不同段落不同时段的平均滑动速率。大约自中更新世晚期以来，毛毛山断裂走滑段的平均水平滑动速率为２．３～３．９ｍｍ／ａ，垂直滑动速率为０．０７～０．１９ｍｍ／ａ；天祝盆地倾滑段垂直滑动速率为０．１１～０．８６ｍｍ／ａ。沿断裂带滑动速率具明显的非均匀性特点，表现为自东向西水平位移具累积滑动亏损特征，垂直位移则具补偿性     

利用洞穴石笋的δ^18O和δ^13C重建3000a以来北京地区古气候和古环…

首次提出用石笋中稳定同位素记录重建由降雨量和降水气团同位素组成所反映的古气候历史，从而为研究分辨率古季风气候信息开辟了新的途径，利用Ｈｅｎｄｙ准则，洞穴温度，研究区水系的δ＾１８ＯＨ２Ｏ值以及温度公式，证实了同位素分析结果的可靠性ＣａＣＯ３－Ｈ２Ｏ之间存在同位素平衡分馏，对采自石花洞的石笋样品进行了分辨率约在２５ａ的δ＾１８Ｏ和δ＾１３Ｃ的分析测量，从而得到３０００ａ以来，北京地区古气候和古环境的     

利用洞穴石笋的δ~(18)O和δ~(13)C重建3000a以来北京地区古气候和古环境——石花洞研究系列之三

首次提出用石笋中稳定同位素记录重建由降雨量和降水气团同位素组成所反映的古气候历史，从而为研究高分辨率的古季风气候信息开辟了新的途径。利用Ｈｅｎｄｙ准则、洞穴温度、研究区水系的δ１８ＯＨ２Ｏ值以及温度公式，证实了同位素分析结果的可靠性，ＣａＣＯ３－Ｈ２Ｏ之间存在同位素平衡分馏。对采自石花洞的石笋样品进行了分辨率约为２５ａ的δ１８Ｏ和δ１３Ｃ的分析测量，从而得到３０００ａ以来，北京地区古气候和古环境的变化信息     

利用洞穴石笋的δ18O和δ13C重建3000a以来北京地区古气候和古环境——石花洞研究系列之三

首次提出用石笋中稳定同位素记录重建由降雨量和降水气团同位素组成所反映的古气候历史，从而为研究高分辨率的古季风气候信息开辟了新的途径。利用Ｈｅｎｄｙ准则、洞穴温度、研究区水系的δ１８ＯＨ２Ｏ值以及温度公式，证实了同位素分析结果的可靠性，ＣａＣＯ３－Ｈ２Ｏ之间存在同位素平衡分馏。对采自石花洞的石笋样品进行了分辨率约为２５ａ的δ１８Ｏ和δ１３Ｃ的分析测量，从而得到３０００ａ以来，北京地区古气候和古环境的变化信息     

从西藏扎仓茶卡Ⅱ湖提取Li2CO3的简化工艺

藏北高原恶劣的自然地理条件使扎仓茶－卡珍贵的锂资源的开发极为困难,必须采用尽可能简化的提取工艺才能降低成本,本文提出了一种经ＣａＯ,（ＮＨ４）２Ｃ２Ｏ４和Ｎａ２ＣＯ３三步沉积得到粗Ｌｉ２ＣＯ３的简化工艺,其产品纯度可达８５．６２％,总回收率约２０％,卤旦回收率约为７６％。     

Chronology and paleoenvironmental interpretation of talus flatiron sequences in a sub‐humid mountainous area: Tremp Depression,Spanish Pyrenees

Talus flatirons are debris‐covered relict slopes, disconnected from the source area, which are relatively common in arid and semi‐arid areas. Talus flatiron sequences record the alternation of accumulation and incision phases. These chronosequences may be used for infer temporal changes in the morphogenetic processes acting on the slopes as well as information on the local paleoclimatic history. Talus flatiron sequences developed in the Tremp Depression, eastern Spanish Pyrenees, are analysed from the geomorphological, chronological and paleoenvironmental perspective. The two groups of relict slopes differentiated by means of detailed geomorphological mapping have been dated by optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and radiocarbon dating at 25–20 kyr (S3) and 5·4–1·7 cal kyr (S2). The talus flatiron group S3 is correlated with a fluvial terrace of the Noguera Pallaresa River (c. 23 kyr bp ). The comparison of the ages obtained in the Tremp Depression with chronologies published for talus flatiron sequences in semi‐arid areas and other paleoclimatic proxies suggests that the aggradation phases in the slopes occurred during periods with higher humidity and vegetation cover. The chronological differences observed between semi‐arid Spain and the Tremp Depression may be partly related to the more humid climate of the latter mountain area. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

137Cs和241Am在滇池、剑湖沉积孔柱中的蓄积分布及时标意义

自70年代以来,对湖泊沉积物中核试验散落核素的研究已成为研究现代湖泊沉积过程和沉积年代及沉积速率的一个重要方面,本文通过对分别采自云南省滇池、剑湖的两个沉积孔柱中~(137)Cs和~(241)Am蓄积分布的研究,测定了它们60、70年代以来的沉积速率分别是42.1和28.7mg/(cm~2·a)。研究发现,虽然~(241)Am的含量远低于~(137)Cs,但~(241)Am具有沉积后迁移能力较小,半衰期长等特点,因而随着时间的推移,在未来湖泊现代沉积作用的研究中将会显示出越来越重要的作用。     

Magnetostratigraphy of Plio–Pleistocene fossiliferous cave sediments in the Bubing Basin,southern China

Our understanding of the chronological sequence of Pleistocene land mammal faunas (including hominids) preserved in caves and fissures in the karstic terrain of subtropical southern China has been greatly impeded by the discontinuous nature of the strata yielding the fossils. A contributory issue is the lack of suitable elements for numerical dating, especially for the Early Pleistocene cave sediments. Here we present new magnetostratigraphic dating results for five cave sedimentary sequences in the Bubing Basin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, which contain the typical Pleistocene Gigantopithecus fauna and Ailuropoda–Stegodon fauna of southern China. The five karstic caves are situated at elevations ranging from 252 m to 191 m above sea level. The integrated dating results reveal that the five cave sedimentary sequences span an age range from the late Gauss normal Chron to the early Brunhes normal Chron. The faunas are assigned to >2.6 Ma (Mohui–houshan Cave), 1.95–1.78 Ma (Mohui Cave), 0.99–0.78 Ma (Baolai Cave) and ∼0.7 Ma (Upper Wuyun and Ganxian Caves). Furthermore, by combining our new magnetostratigraphy work with previously published magnetostratigraphic, U–series and electron spin resonance dating results, a chronological sequence of the Plio–Pleistocene mammalian faunas from cave sites in southern China has been established. The chronological sequence contributes to an improved understanding of the evolutionary processes of Plio–Pleistocene land mammals, as well as of early humans in subtropical southern China.     

Application and evaluation of multiple-centres ESR dating of Pliocene-Quaternary fluvial sediments: A case study from the Zhoulao core from the Jianghan Basin,middle Yangtze River basin,China

Multiple-centres electron spin resonance (MC-ESR) dating of quartz grains has been commonly applied to fluvial and lacustrine deposits and can provide a precise chronological framework for depositional histories. However, the reliability of this method for quartz grains obtained from sediments of boreholes, which are usually deposited continuously and record information regarding basin evolution and climate change, has not yet been assessed. In this study, we have initially applied the MC-ESR dating method to borehole sediments from the Zhoulao core (ZLC), located in the depocenter of the Jianghan Basin, middle Yangtze River, China. Dating of quartz grains from the ZLC using MC-ESR yields estimated ages that are generally consistent with the established paleomagnetic chronological framework. For Middle Pleistocene samples (i.e., 0.7–0.3 Ma), the Ti–Li centre provides more accurate ages than those of Al centre, which are overestimated. For Early Pleistocene samples (i.e., 2.3–0.8 Ma), both the Al centre and Ti–Li centre give highly consistent estimate ages, indicating that this is a favorable dating range for MC-ESR. Overall, the Al centre shows promise for dating Pliocene samples, whereas the Ti–Li centre is more suitable for Middle-Early Pleistocene (2.3–0.3 Ma) sediments. In addition, the deposition rate of depth ＜170 m in the ZLC is greater than those of depth ＞170 m sediments; however, the specific tectonic, climatic, or geomorphic mechanism for this change in sedimentation rate is still unclear.     

Chronological dating and tectonic implications of late Cenozoic volcanic rocks and lacustrine sequence in Oiyug Basin of southern Tibet

Reconstruction of uplift history of the Tibetan Plateau is crucial for understanding its environmental impacts. The Oiyug Basin in southern Tibet contains multiple periods of sedimentary sequences and volcanic rocks that span much of the Cenozoic and has great potential for further studying this issue. However, these strata were poorly dated. This paper presents a chronological study of the 145 m thick and horizontally-distributed lacustrine sequence using paleomagnetic method as well as a K-Ar dating of the underlying volcanic rocks. Based on these dating results, a chronostratigraphic framework and the basin-developmental history have been established for the past 15 Ma, during which three tectonic stages are identified. The period of 15-8.1 Ma is characterized by intense volcanic activities involving at least three major eruptions. Subsequently, the basin came into a tectonically quiescent period and a lacustrine sedimentary sequence was developed. Around 2.5 Ma, an N-S fault occurred across the southern margin of the basin, leading to the disappearance of the lake environment and the development of the Oiyug River. The Gyirong basin on northern slope of the Himalayas shows a similar basin developmental history and thus there is a good agreement in tectonic activities between the Himalayan and Gangdise orogenic belts. Therefore, the tectonic evolution stages experienced by the Oiyug Basin during the past 15 Ma could have a regional significance for southern Tibet. The chronological data obtained from this study may provide some constraints for further studies with regard to the tectonic processes and environmental changes in southern Tibetan Plateau.     

Reliable radiocarbon dating of fossil pollen grains: It is truly possible

Radiocarbon dating of fossil pollen concentrates has the potential to reduce limitations for sample selection in chronological studies of sedimentary archives. The recent development of the technology for rapidly preparing highly purified fossil pollen concentrates using a cell sorter makes it realistic to turn this dream into reality. Before utilizing pollen as a material for dating with confidence, however, it is necessary to understand the factors that may affect the result of the measurements, and to establish criteria to assess the reliability of the radiocarbon ages produced. In this study, peat soils which are commercially available in large quantities, and are hence used as our laboratory standard, as well as the varved lacustrine sediments from Lake Suigetsu, which has one of the best terrestrial radiocarbon stratigraphies in the world, were used to assess the accuracy of radiocarbon ages of pollen concentrates and to establish an appropriate protocol for sample preparation. A pollen-rich fraction prepared by a recently proposed combined method of physio-chemical pre-treatment and cell sorter (Yamada et al. 2021) was submitted to a range of different posterior treatments and radiocarbon measurement. The results were also compared with SEM (Scanning Electron Microscoic) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic observations. It was discovered that the sample prepared by the initial pre-treatment and cell sorter were not sufficiently pure and did not yield radiocarbon ages that were consistent with the terrestrial leaf fossils. Instead, the Acid-Base-Acid treatment with ultrafiltration following on from the cell sorter step proved to be highly effective in the removal of contaminants and improve the measured ages. The comparison with Suigetsu's terrestrial radiocarbon dataset also indicated that accuracy could be improved through closer assessment using the pollen taxa composition, carbon content (%C), and stable isotope ratios (δ¹³C) of the pollen concentrates. The age-depth models established by the radiocarbon dating of fossil pollen grains extracted from the Suigetsu sediments agree very well with that of plant macrofossils, and even improve the precision of the combined model. As long as handling was appropriate, the pollen concentrates prepared by the cell sorter provide reliable radiocarbon ages and the method can significantly contribute to Quaternary sciences in the future.     

Evaluating isothermal thermoluminescence and thermally transferred optically stimulated luminescence for dating of Pleistocene sediments in Amazonia

The paleogeography of Amazonia lowlands during the Pleistocene remains hampered by the lack of reliable absolute ages to constrain sediment deposition in the hundred thousand to few million years timescales. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating applied to quartz has provided important chronological control for late Quaternary sediments, but the method is limited to the last ∼150 ka. In order to extend the age range of luminescence dating, new signals from quartz have been investigated. This study tested the application of isothermal thermoluminescence (ITL) and thermally transferred optically stimulated luminescence (TT-OSL) signals of quartz for dating of fluvial terraces from eastern Amazonia. ITL and TT-OSL signals measured in a modern fluvial sediment sample have shown small residual doses (4 and 16 Gy), suggesting adequate bleached sediments for the target dose range (>150 Gy). This sample responded well to dose recovery test, which showed that the ITL and TT-OSL signals grow to higher doses compared to the doses estimated by the conventional OSL signal. The ITL signal saturated for doses significantly lower than doses reported in the literature. Most dating samples were beyond the ITL saturation doses and only TT-OSL signals were suitable to estimate equivalent doses. Burial ages ranging from 107 to 340 ka were estimated for the fluvial terraces in the lower Xingu River. The main ages uncertainties are related to dose rate changes through time. Despite the uncertainties, these ages should indicate a higher channel base level during the Middle Pleistocene followed by channel incision, possibly due to episodes of increased precipitation in the Xingu watershed.     

Direct OSL dating of Iron Age pottery from South Africa – Preliminary dosimetry investigations

A pilot study used eleven excavated sites in the Limpopo Province of South Africa to test the application of OSL dating for Iron Age ceramic shards. The culture-history sequences of Iron Age is well established by pottery style and the sites had already been radiocarbon dated. Because the excavations were part of various research projects, rather than a specific OSL study, the sites have been destroyed and hence, local environmental radioactivity was unknown. To reconstruct the environmental dose rate, we used data from three sources: (1), a worldwide survey, (2), radionuclides in the pottery and (3) recent geological surveys. The geological surveys yielded the most dates that are reasonably close to the known chronology, reproducing the correct chronological order in most cases. Some dates, however, are 200 years too recent and some standard deviations too high. To evaluate further the potential of OSL dating in Iron Age research, dosimetry data need to be collected in situ.     

Thermal behaviour of organic radicals and paramagnetic centres in chert: A case study of Bergeracois brown chert,Dordogne, France

In order to successfully understand the complex evolution of prehistoric societies, archaeologists require absolute dating tools, which are not only accurate but also widely applicable. Thermoluminescence (TL) dating is one such approach that has been successfully used to establish a general chronological framework for prehistoric sites and is particularly suited for use on heated lithic artefacts. Experiments conducted in this study have clearly shown the applicability of Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) isothermal modelling in combination with TL dating to constrain firing temperature. This expands the potential application for TL dating to include artefacts treated at low firing temperatures. The present study shows potential in terms of precision and accuracy for framing the “equivalent firing temperature”. At the same time, the comparison of the TL signal with the lattice-defects and aluminium centres invigorate the use of ESR dating on heated flint, especially with samples that have received low thermal treatment. The presence of organic matter in large quantity raises concern on the pyrolysis effect on the luminescence signal; however, the use of ESR isothermal and isochronal modelling could potentially lead to the ability to overcome current interferences of the organic radicals within the dating signal of TL.