内蒙古二道河子铅锌银多金属矿床流体包裹体红外显微测温研究

二道河子铅锌银多金属矿床是得耳布干成矿带具有代表性的铅锌矿床之一。闪锌矿作为主要矿石矿物,可分为早期黑色-中期红棕色或棕色-晚期黄褐色或浅黄色三个世代。采用红外显微镜技术和激光拉曼技术对不同世代闪锌矿及共生石英中的流体包裹体进行显微测温和成分测试,初步认为三个世代闪锌矿基本与石英内的三次流体活动相对应,推测它们形成于同一物理化学条件,捕获同一成矿流体,但闪锌矿流体包裹体能更直观而细致地勾勒出成矿流体的演化过程。从成矿早期至晚期,随着流体演化,流体包裹体的均一温度、盐度及CO2含量均明显下降,流体从中温、中低盐度、CO2-H2O-NaCl体系向低温、低盐度、H2O-NaCl体系演化。此外,在整个主成矿过程中,影响成矿物质沉淀富集的机制也随时间变化有所差异:早期流体沸腾是黑色闪锌矿等硫化物形成的重要因素;中期以流体自然冷却作用为主,形成了红棕色闪锌矿等硫化物;至晚期,随着大气水的混入,流体混合作用是形成晚期闪锌矿等硫化物的重要原因。二道河子矿床为与火山-次火山有关的浅成中低温热液矿床。     

湖南渣滓溪锑钨矿床流体包裹体特征及其意义

湘中锑矿带中的渣滓溪锑钨矿床,是我国典型的大型脉状充填型锑矿床,前人对其成矿流体研究较少,该矿的矿石沉淀机制和成矿过程,目前尚不清楚。本次采用红外显微测温和传统显微测温相结合的方法,对渣滓溪矿区的白钨矿、辉锑矿及与其共生的石英中的流体包裹体,进行了系统的岩相学和显微测温研究。研究表明,该区矿物中发育的流体包裹体有四种类型,纯液相包裹体、富液相的气液包裹体、富气相的气液包裹体和纯气相包裹体。该区白钨矿中流体包裹体的均一温度为147～285℃,盐度为2.4%～6.0%NaCleqv,与其共生的石英中流体包裹体的均一温度为147～314℃,盐度为3.1%～6.2%NaCleqv;辉锑矿中流体包裹体的均一温度为124～269℃,盐度为0.4%～4.5%NaCleqv,与其共生的石英中流体包裹体的均一温度为114～298℃,盐度为0.2%～5.9%NaCleqv,成矿流体为一种中温、低盐度,以H2O为主的热水溶液。该区钨矿石中的白钨矿和石英、锑矿石中的辉锑矿和石英分别具有相似的均一温度和盐度。钨矿石和锑矿石具有不同的沉淀机制,前者是由于流体混合作用导致的,而后者则是由于流体沸腾引起的。湘西浅变质...     

Restoring Halite Fluid Inclusions as an Accurate Palaeothermometer: Brillouin Thermometry Versus Microthermometry

Halite traps inclusions of the mother fluid when precipitating. When unchanged, the density of these fluid inclusions (FIs) records the water temperature T_f at the time of crystal formation. As halite is ubiquitous on Earth and geological time, its FIs possess a high potential as temperature archives. However, the use of FIs in halite as an accurate palaeothermometer has been hampered due to limitations of microthermometry, the most commonly used analytical method. Here, we show how Brillouin spectroscopy in halite FIs bypasses these limitations and allows recovering T_f to within 1 °C or less. To demonstrate this, we measured samples synthesised at 24.6 ± 0.5 °C and 33 ± 1 °C, and obtained 24.8 ± 0.4 °C and 31.9 ± 0.4 °C, respectively. This novel approach thus provides an accurate palaeothermometer for lacustrine and marine environments. Moreover, Brillouin spectroscopy solves the long‐standing debate on damage of halite fluid inclusions through quantifying the acceptable temperature excursion for preserving elastic behaviour: [l/(1 µm)]^?0.64 × (90 °C), where l is the FI size. This threshold is lower for FIs close to the surface of the host crystal or to another FI. We also list ‘best practices’ for applying both microthermometry and Brillouin thermometry.     

Fluid Inclusions and Metallization of the Kendekeke Polymetallic Deposit in Qinghai Province,China

The Kendekeke polymetallic deposit, located in the middle part of the magmatic arc belt of Qimantag on the southwestern margin of the Qaidam Basin, is a polygenetic compound deposit in the Qimantag metallogenic belt of Qinghai Province. Multi-periodic ore-forming processes occurred in this deposit, including early-stage iron mineralization and lead-zinc-gold-polymetallic mineralization which was controlled by later hydrothermal process. The characteristics of the ore-forming fluids and mineralization were discussed by using the fluid inclusion petrography, Laser Raman Spectrum and micro-thermometry methods. Three stages, namely, S1-stage(copper-iron-sulfide stage), S2-stage(lead-zinc-sulfide stage) and C-stage(carbonate stage) were included in the hydrothermal process as indicated by the results of this study. The fluid inclusions are in three types: aqueous inclusion(type I), CO2-aqueous inclusion(type II) and pure CO2 inclusion(type III). Type I inclusions were observed in the S1-stage, having homogenization temperature at 240–320oC, and salinities ranging from 19.8% to 25.0%(wt % NaCl equiv.). All three types of inclusions, existing as immiscible inclusion assemblages, were presented in the S2-stage, with the lowest homogenization temperature ranging from 175 oC to 295oC, which represents the metallogenic temperature of the S2-stage. The salinities of these inclusions are in the range of 1.5% to 16%. The fluid inclusions in the C-stage belong to types I, II and III, having homogenization temperatures at 120–210oC, and salinities ranging from 0.9% to 14.5%. These observations indicate that the ore-forming fluids evolved from high-temperature to lowtemperature, from high-salinity to low-salinity, from homogenization to immiscible separation. Results of Laser Raman Spectroscopy show that high density of CO2 and CH4 were found as gas compositions in the inclusions. CO2, worked as the pH buffer of ore-forming fluids, together with reduction of organic gases(i.e. CH4, etc), affected the transport and sediment of the minerals. The fluid system alternated between open and close systems, namely, between lithostatic pressure and hydrostatic pressure systems. The calculated metallogenic pressures are in the range of 30 to 87 Mpa corresponding to 3 km mineralization depth. Under the influence of tectonic movements, immiscible separation occurred in the original ore-forming fluids, which were derived from the previous highsalinity, high-temperature magmatic fluids. The separation of CO2 changed the physicochemical properties and composition of the original fluids, and then diluted by mixing with extraneous fluids such as meteoric water and groundwater, and metallogenic materials in the fluids such as lead, zinc and gold were precipitated.     

安徽青阳铜矿里钼多金属矿床地质特征及流体包裹体研究

安徽青阳铜矿里钼多金属矿床是长江中下游成矿带内近年来新发现的一个夕卡岩型钼多金属矿床。对该矿床的地质特征和流体包裹体特征进行了详细研究,探讨了流体来源与演化过程。基于脉体穿插和矿物交代关系将铜矿里矿床的成矿过程划分为早期夕卡岩、晚期夕卡岩、石英辉钼矿、石英多金属硫化物和碳酸盐矿物5个阶段。显微观察表明铜矿里矿床的流体包裹体类型主要为富液相包裹体、富气相包裹体和含子晶三相包裹体。显微测温结果显示,早期成矿流体具有高温、中高盐度的特征,而晚期成矿流体具有低温、低盐度的特征。结合已有的氢、氧同位素数据,表明铜矿里矿床早期热液为岩浆热液,晚期有大气水加入。石英辉钼矿阶段石英中出现富液相、含子晶三相和富气相包裹体共存的现象,且这些包裹体均一温度相近,但均一方式截然不同,表明流体沸腾作用可能是导致铜矿里钼多金属矿床中钼元素沉淀的主要机制。     

闪锌矿流体包裹体显微红外测温及其矿床成因意义——以云南会泽超大型富锗银铅锌矿床为例

显微红外测温是利用红外显微镜研究不透明半透明矿物的流体包裹体丰度和分布特征,并与冷热台相结合进行流体包裹体显微测温分析的一种有效的新技术。云南会泽超大型富锗银铅锌矿床是分布于川滇黔接壤区典型的会泽型(HZT)铅锌矿床。本文以该矿床的闪锌矿、方解石流体包裹体为例,应用显微红外测温技术发现闪锌矿中发育大量流体包裹体,按其相态可分为6类:纯气相(V)、富液相气液两相(L+V)、富气相气液两相(L+V)、纯液相(L)、含子矿物三相(L+V+S)、含CO₂三相(L_CO2+L_H2O+V_CO2)包裹体,而在热液方解石中仅发现富液相气液两相(L+V)、纯液相(L)包裹体。闪锌矿中的流体包裹体均一温度集中在2个区间:150~221℃和320~364℃;而盐度变化范围较大,主要集中于3个区间:12.0%~18.0%、5.0%~11.0%、1.1%~5.0%。不同世代闪锌矿流体包裹体均一温度大致反映成矿流体演化的全过程,而方解石流体包裹体均一温度主要反映成矿流体演化的中晚阶段,而且与脉石矿物(方解石)共生的闪锌矿流体包裹体均一温度也高于方解石包裹体均一温度;反映了闪锌矿流体包裹体较方解石更能反映成矿流体的信息,进一步揭示从早成矿阶段到晚成矿阶段,成矿流体大致经历了中高温-中盐度→中低温-中盐度→中低温-中低盐度的演化过程。通过压力校正后的流体包裹体捕获温度反映了早成矿阶段成矿流体呈中高温,进一步证实了该矿床并非低温矿床。通过矿床对比研究,不仅反映了该矿床明显不同于典型的MVT铅锌矿床,而且表明了显微红外测温技术为该类矿床成矿流体p-T-x条件及矿床成因的研究提供了新方法与途径,并将在金属矿床成矿流体的研究领域发挥重要作用。     

Genesis of the Zhaokalong Fe-Cu Polymetallic Deposit at Yushu, China:Evidence from Ore Geochemistry and Fluid Inclusions

The ore types of the Zhaokalong Fe-Cu deposit are divided into two categories: sulfide-type and oxide-type. The sulfide-type ore include siderite ore, galena-sphalerite ore and chalcopyrite ore, whereas the oxide-type ore include magnetite ore and hematite ore. The ore textures and structures indicate that the Zhaokalong deposit is of the sedimentary-exhalative mineralization type. Geochemical analyses show that the two ore types have a high As, Sb, Mn, Co and Ni content. The REE patterns reveal an enrichment of the LREE compared to the HREE. Isotopic analysis of siderite ore reveal that the δ13CPDB ranges from 2.01 to 3.34 (‰) whereas the δ18O SMOW ranges from 6.96 to 18.95 (‰). The fluid inclusion microthermometry results indicate that homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in quartz range from 131 to 181℃, with salinity values of 1.06 to 8.04 wt% NaCl eq. The mineralizing fluid therefore belongs to the low temperature - low salinity system, with a mineralizing solution of a CO2-Ca2+(Na+, K+)-SO42-(F-, Cl-)-H2O system. The geochemical results and fluid inclusion data provide additional evidence that the Zhaokalong deposit is a sedex-type deposit that experienced two stages of mineralization. The sulfide mineralization probably occurred first, during the sedimentary exhalative process, as exhibited by the abundance of marine materials associated with the sulfide ores, indicating a higher temperature and relatively deoxidized oceanic depositional environment. After the main exhalative stage, hydrothermal activity was superimposed to the sulfide mineralization. The later stage oxide mineralization occurred in a low temperature and relatively oxidized environment, in which magmatic fluid circulation was dominant.     

蒙其古尔铀矿床流体包裹体研究

为探讨蒙其古尔铀矿床成矿流体的性质,为矿床成因提供新的依据,本文对该矿床开展了系统的流体包裹体研究。结果表明,石英裂隙中存在的包裹体主要是次生的富液盐水包裹体和含烃水溶液包裹体。包裹体均一温度为51~77℃,平均66.2℃;盐度1.4%~14.04%Na Cleq,平均4.49%Na Cleq;成矿流体密度0.98~1.04g/cm3,平均1.01g/cm3,说明成矿流体为低温低盐度中密度流体,具有大气降水成因的性质。计算得出成矿压力为(38.74~80.48)×105Pa,平均53.31×105Pa,成矿深度为0.13~0.26km,平均0.18km。从而推断蒙其古尔铀矿床属于低温浅成后生表生铀矿床。     

Investigations on the Possible Re-equilibration of Aqueous Fluid Inclusions in Barite: A Study of Barite and Calcite from the Hutti Gold Deposit, Karnataka, India

Re-equilibration of fluid inclusions in crystals takes place by loss or gain of solvents and solutes from fluid inclusions and by changes in their volumes. Volume change of fluid inclusions are primarily dictated by elastic properties and available slip planes of host crystals. In the present study, the phase-behavior of fluids entrapped in co-precipitated calcite and barite is studied. While calcite contains only biphase fluid inclusions, barite has predominantly monophase fluid inclusions. Fluid inclusion petrography, microthermometry and leachate analysis are used to establish the nature of entrapped fluids and entrapment temperature is substantiated through independent sulfur isotope geothermometry using coexisting barite and pyrite. Phase transitions in the monophase fluid inclusions in barite are explained in terms of over-pressuring of fluids in these fluid inclusions relative to fluids entrapped in calcite owing to the low bulk modulus of barite.     

Gas Measurement of Fluid Inclusions from the Hishikari Epithermal Gold Deposit, Southern Kyushu, Japan, Using Laser Raman Microprobe

Abstract. Laser Raman microprobe analysis was performed on the fluid inclusions from the Honko-Sanjin zone in the Hishikari epithermal gold deposit, southern Kyushu, Japan. Gas concentrations of fluid inclusions through the zone were below detection limits (e.g., 5 mmole/kg H₂O for CO₂), with an exception at shallow portion in which the CO₂/N₂ mole ratio was determined to be 5.3. Boiling of hydrothermal solutions probably separated gases from ore fluids at the deep portion of the deposit, and migration of gases to shallow portion resulted in CO₂-rich steam-heated water and related acid alteration.     

铜陵狮子山矿田大团山铜（钼） 矿床流体包裹体研究

大团山铜（钼） 矿床是安徽铜陵狮子山矿田内较为典型的岩浆热液叠加型铜钼矿床,其成因与早白垩世大团山石英 二长闪长岩有密切关系。系统采集硫化物阶段的矿化石英脉并经岩相学显微观察发现,石英中捕获有大量的流体包裹体, 主要分为三种类型,即富气相（Ⅰ型）、富液相（Ⅱ型） 的两相水溶液包裹体和含子晶的三相水溶液包裹体（Ⅲ型）。显微 测温研究表明,流体包裹体的均一温度统计峰值分别出现在375~405°C和285~315°C之间,流体盐度的统计峰值出现在5.0 wt.%~10.0 wt.% NaCl eq.之间。激光拉曼探针分析表明,流体包裹体的气相成分以水蒸汽为主,含有少量CO2和CH4。流体 氢、氧同位素组成呈岩浆流体特征。研究表明,大团山铜（钼） 矿床的成矿流体主要来源于岩浆流体,在成矿过程中经历 了相态变化,沸腾的流体体系受到了不均匀捕获。结合前人研究成果,狮子山矿田内早白垩世叠加改造型流体表现出同源 特征,在物理化学演化方面具有一定规律性,流体的多次沸腾作用很可能对成矿元素的分配、迁移与沉淀起到了重要作用。     

青海省都兰县果洛龙洼金矿成矿流体

果洛龙洼金矿是青海东昆仑地区最典型、最具规模的金矿床之一。在前人资料基础上,将果洛龙洼金矿热液成矿期划分为4个成矿阶段：贫矿化石英阶段、石英-多金属硫化物阶段（主要成矿阶段）、石英-贫硫化物阶段（次要成矿阶段）和石英-碳酸盐阶段。随后对主要和次要成矿阶段石英脉开展流体包裹体显微测温和H-O同位素研究。结果表明：原生流体包裹体主要包括气液两相、富CO₂三相、纯CO₂两相共3类;成矿流体总体以CO₂-NaCl-H₂O体系为主,均一温度为130.0~357.3 ℃,盐度（w(NaCl)）为1.83%~20.11%。石英-多金属硫化物阶段石英δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW值为14.8‰~17.2‰,据此计算流体的δ¹⁸O_H2O值为5.5‰~8.5‰,流体的δD_V-SMOW值为-61‰~-96‰;而石英-贫硫化物阶段石英δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW值为15.7‰~16.9‰,据此计算流体的δ¹⁸O_H2O值为4.1‰~5.3‰,流体的δD_V-SMOW值为-84‰~-101‰。由此认为：主要成矿阶段成矿流体可能为高温低盐度富CO₂变质热液和低温中高盐度岩浆热液两个端元组成的混合流体;次要成矿阶段成矿流体主要为混合后更均匀的中低温中低盐度热液,但后期明显有大气降水混入。总之,成矿流体的来源、性质及其演化等方面的研究结果进一步证明果洛龙洼金矿为造山型金矿。     

滇西北安乐铅锌矿床流体包裹体研究

安乐铅锌矿床位于三江地区的中甸断凹,是滇西北地区一处重要的铅锌矿。本文通过对该矿床与矿石密切共生的石英中流体包裹体的类型、特征、均一温度、盐度、密度、成矿压力以及流体包裹体中气液相成分的分析,探讨了流体性质、演化及矿床成因。结果表明,该区流体主要属于CO2一H20一NaCl体系,均一温度范围在130～370℃之间,盐度在3．00％～12．75％NaCl之间,由成矿压力推算的成矿深度为1．37～3．77km^2矿床特征及包裹体特征与造山型矿床相似,推测该矿床属于“同造山”构造体制下发育的成矿系统。     

甘肃合作早子沟金矿床流体包裹体及硫铅同位素特征

早子沟金矿床是西秦岭西段近年来发现的大型金矿床之一。矿床产于中三叠世古浪堤组中,矿体产出与中酸性岩脉关系密切;矿体受断裂控制,呈脉状、条带状,少数似层状产出。含金石英脉可分为两个成矿期次,分别为含金粗粒石英脉期和多金属硫化物-金石英期;金属硫化物主要为辉锑矿、黄铁矿、毒砂等。辉锑矿石英脉型金矿石中流体包裹体主要为富液相的气液两相流体包裹体,均一温度为129.8 ~324.3 ℃,平均为203.2 ℃,盐度（w（NaCl））为1.22%~10.73%,平均为6.04%,成矿流体的密度平均为0.90 g/cm³,矿床的成矿平均深度约为2.00 km;阴阳离子分析结果表明,流体包裹体液相成分主要为Na⁺-SO₄^2--Cl^-,单个流体包裹体激光拉曼显示流体包裹体中的气相成分主要为H₂O、CO₂和SO₂,个别样品显示有CO和CH₄,成矿流体为NaCl-H₂O-CO₂体系。流体包裹体研究揭示了早子沟金矿床辉锑矿-金成矿阶段的成矿流体为浅成中低温低盐度低密度流体,主要为岩浆水与地下水的混合热液,不同性质流体的混合作用和它们的沸腾作用是使金沉淀的重要因素。矿石中辉锑矿硫同位素组成很稳定,δ³⁴S_V-CDT值为-10.30‰~-8.10‰,平均为-9.33‰,表明硫主要为岩浆热液来源,并混有地层硫。矿石铅同位素组成显示²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为18.166~19.027,²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为15.608~15.741,²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为38.249~39.275,矿石铅同位素组成为壳幔混合成因铅。根据早子沟金矿床特征,结合成矿流体性质及来源、成矿物质来源研究成果,推测甘肃早子沟金矿床应为岩浆期后低温热液金矿床。     

万宝源斑岩型钼矿流体包裹体及成矿物质来源研究

万宝源斑岩型钼矿位于辽东裂谷内,产于石柱子花岗闪长岩体及其后侵入的石英斑岩内。矿化类型可以分为浸染状、细脉充填状和石英脉状三种。为了解决该钼矿的成矿流体来源及矿床形成机制问题,我们从流体包裹体、REE、S、D-O同位素入手进行了研究。石英中的流体包裹体测试数据揭示:钼矿化可以分为三个阶段,高温阶段、中温阶段和低温阶段,以中温阶段为主。REE分析表明,成矿物质起源于花岗闪长岩体,后经分离结晶作用,最终与花岗闪长岩体表现出不同的REE配分模式;S同位素分析显示,S来源于岩体与地层,是一种混合硫;D-O同位素研究则说明,成矿流体是以岩浆水为主,后期有天水加入的混合流体。最后建立石柱子成矿系统,对石柱子花岗闪长岩内外接触带上的矿床成因进行了探讨。     

Sulfur Isotopic Study of the Toyoha Deposit, Hokkaido, Japan Comparison between the Earlier-Stage and the Later-Stage Veins

Abstract: The sulfur isotopic ratios (δ³⁴S) of ore minerals from the Toyoha deposit, Hokkaido, one of the largest Pb–Zn–Ag polymetallic vein-type deposits in Japan, were studied. More than 90% of the δ³⁴S values of the studied sulfide minerals collected from the Toyoha deposit range from +5 to +9%, with an average of approximately +7% irrespective of the mineral species, veins, elevations, depth, mineralization stages and mineral assemblages. Relatively uniform δ³⁴S values obtained in this study suggest that the reduced aqueous sulfur species predominated over the oxidized sulfur in the ore solution throughout the mineralization stages. Thus, the source of sulfur for the ore sulfides is postulated to be magmatic.
The temperature obtained from the fluid inclusion study and the temperature of the sulfur isotopic geothermometer are not consistent. This suggests that each mineral precipitated under disequilibrated conditions with respect to the sulfur isotope.
The change in redox conditions presumably encountered between the mineralization stages did not account for the isotopic fluctuations since the isotopic exchanges between the oxidized and reduced aqueous sulfurs are much slower than the rate of oxidation of the ore solution.     

内蒙古花敖包特铅锌银多金属矿床成因探讨:流体包裹体及硫、铅、氢、氧同位素证据

内蒙古花敖包特铅锌银多金属热液型脉状矿床位于大兴安岭成矿带中南段。结合其蚀变矿化特征,依据矿石矿物与脉石矿物的生成顺序,矿化阶段可划分为自形石英-黄铁矿阶段、闪锌矿-方铅矿阶段及他形黄铁矿-毒砂阶段。流体包裹体研究表明:该矿床的成矿流体具有中—低温(146.7~274.3℃)、低盐度(w(NaCl)为0.54%~8.52%)及低密度(0.790~0.943g/cm3)的特点;流体成矿压力及成矿深度估算结果表明,该矿床形成于中深—浅成的环境。矿石中金属硫化物的硫、铅同位素分析结果显示,该矿床的成矿物质来源具有壳幔混合来源的特征。成矿流体氢、氧同位素组成:δ18 OSMOW为-11.78‰~-6.01‰,δD为-110.90‰~-70.30‰,表明该矿床的成矿流体主要由岩浆水与下渗的大气降水混合组成。结合区域地质特征及构造演化,认为该矿床是在大兴安岭南段中生代伸展造山构造背景下形成的受深断裂、早白垩世构造岩浆活动及寿山沟组多重地质因素控制的中—低温热液型脉状铅锌银多金属矿床。     

藏南扎西康铅锌锑多金属矿床流体包裹体研究及地质意义

扎西康铅锌锑多金属矿床位于藏南拆离系东部,是中国西藏为数不多的以富含硫盐矿物为重要特征的大型铅锌锑银共生矿床之一。矿床赋存于下侏罗统日当组,容矿岩石为含炭钙质板岩、钙质板岩、绢云母板岩、页岩和石英砂岩。矿体严格受近南北向和北东—南西向两组断裂控制,呈脉状、透镜状产出。矿床的形成经历了中低温热液期和表生期。中低温热液期菱铁矿、石英、方解石中的包裹体类型主要为气液两相水包裹体,含少量纯气相水包裹体、纯气相CO2包裹体、气液两相CO2包裹体和CO2-H2O三相包裹体。成矿流体均一温度范围为184～329℃,峰值为255℃;成矿流体盐度w(NaCl)为2.07%～12.05%;密度为0.65～0.86 g/cm3。成矿流体主要为中低温度、低盐度、低密度的H2O-NaCl体系,含少量或微量的CO2和CH4。石英、方解石和硫化物包裹体中δDV-SMOW值变化范围为-165‰～-131‰,δ18OH2O变化范围为-13.7‰～10.21‰,成矿流体来自大气降水下渗循环构成的地热水。成矿过程中可能发生了以气液相分离为主要标志的不混溶作用,推测这种不混溶作用可能是导致硫化物大量沉淀的重要原因。矿床成因类型为沉积-构造-热活动驱动地热系统流体循环形成的中低温热液矿床。     

江西德兴铜厂斑岩铜矿成矿物质来源的再认识——来自流体包裹体的证据

本文从江西德兴斑岩铜矿铜厂矿床的流体包裹体研究出发,讨论了矿床成矿物质来源与矿床成因。矿床中流体包裹体分为6类,即富液包裹体、富气包裹体、含石盐多相包裹体、含CO2多相包裹体以及熔体包裹体和熔体-流体包裹体。富气包裹体、含石盐多相包裹体和熔体与熔体-流体包裹体代表了成矿早期岩浆热液的特征。在这些包裹体中发现黄铜矿等金属矿物,表明成矿金属主要源自岩浆。含石盐多相包裹体和富气包裹体与矿体关系不甚密切,但其中所含有的金属矿物特别是黄铜矿,暗示早期来自岩浆的热液流体金属含量较高,形成于大气降水与岩浆热液混合之前。成矿中晚期大气降水流体在冷却和稀释岩浆流体方面对于矿床的形成作出了一定贡献,但是来自围岩的大气降水可能并没有向成矿体系提供大量金属。     

广东韶关市一六钨矿床流体包裹体特征及成矿作用

一六钨矿大地构造位置位于南岭成矿带中段南缘,粤北曲仁盆地西南缘,是粤北地区近年来重要的找矿勘查成果之一。矿床为典型的矽卡岩矿床,矿体赋存于上泥盆统帽子峰组矽卡岩以及NWW向钾长石-石英-白钨矿脉和云母石英脉中。通过野外观察和镜下研究,本文将成矿过程分为矽卡岩期(A)和热液期(B),矽卡岩期可以分为早期矽卡岩阶段(A1)、晚期矽卡岩阶段(A2)、钾长石英白钨矿阶段(A3),热液期可以分为云母石英脉阶段(B1)和石英碳酸盐阶段(B2)。矿区包含4种类型的包裹体:含子矿物三相包裹体(Ⅰ型)、气液两相水溶液包裹体(Ⅱ型)、CO_2水溶液三相包裹体(Ⅲ型)、纯CO_2包裹体(Ⅳ型),Ⅰ型包裹体仅见于A3阶段;Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型以及Ⅳ型包裹体在A3和B1阶段石英中均有发育,在A3和B1阶段白钨矿中还发育Ⅱ型包裹体。A3阶段Ⅰ型包裹体完全均一温度为162~381℃,盐度为30.1%~45.4%(wt%NaClequiv,下同省略),Ⅱ型包裹体完全均一温度为154~363℃,盐度为1.49%~11.0%,Ⅲ型包裹体完全均一温度为290~390℃,盐度为2.20%~6.88%;B1阶段Ⅱ型包裹体完全均一温度为152~381℃,盐度为1.65%~9.32%,Ⅲ型包裹体完全均一温度为281~378℃,盐度为2.00%~8.82%。激光拉曼探针分析表明,A3阶段和B1阶段流体中存在H_2O、CO_2、CH_4和少量CO_3~(2-),指示流体处于还原的环境。包裹体完全均一温度—盐度关系图表明,数据点主要集中于三个区域:a区对应早期出溶成因的高盐度流体,b区反映流体发生了不混溶作用,c区反映早期高盐度流体与低盐度地下水混合特征。各区包裹体代表了岩浆期后残余原始流体不同阶段的演化产物。通过Ⅰ型包裹体计算得出的成矿压力范围为86.0~415.8MPa,用Ⅱ、Ⅳ型包裹体对成矿压力进行校正得出,A3阶段成矿压力范围为86~115MPa,成矿温度为176~279℃;B1阶段成矿压力范围为55~93 MPa,成矿温度为160~228℃,估算成矿深度范围为3.62~4.26km。研究认为,流体在演化早期存在局部高压,流体不混溶作用要比外来流体混入更早发生,而流体混入促进了流体的不混溶作用。流体物理化学条件的改变、外来流体混入以及流体不混溶作用是引起钨矿沉淀的主要原因。