淮北花沟西井田煤中微量元素及其环境意义分析

通过对30件煤样微量元素含量的测定,分煤层、分类型(稀土元素、环境意义微量元素)讨论了煤中微量元素的分布特征。研究发现各样品的稀土元素主要赋存于矿物质中,稀土元素含量均呈正常质量分数水平分布,各煤层的稀土元素分布表现为轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损。受陆源影响的煤,ΣREE含量高,稀土元素主要由陆源物质继承而来。受海水影响的煤,ΣREE含量低,分布模式具有海水性质。形成后受河流冲刷的煤,灰分增加,煤中稀土元素含量增加。该研究成果为煤炭资源的合理开发和利用提供基础资料。     

三种不同类型盆地煤中微量元素对比研究

本文选择阜新盆地海洲露天矿,山西大同煤田煤峪口矿和朔县和平朔煤田安太堡露天矿三种不同类型盆地的矿区进行煤中微量元素的对比研究。初步阐述了断陷盆地,陆表海盆地和大型内陆争盆地煤中的微量元素特征,对比了这种不舅地煤中微量元素的差异,并提出了产生这些差异的主要因素是泥炭沼泽形成时的沉积环境背景,泥岩沼泽相及盆地的物源区。     

煤中微量元素的环境地球化学

煤中微量元素的环境地球化学冯新斌洪业汤（中国科学院地球化学研究所，贵阳５５０００２）关键词煤微量元素环境地球化学对煤中微量元素的研究不仅能提供成煤环境的信息，而且具有重要的环境意义，因为燃煤过程已成为生态环境中潜在毒害元素（如Ａｓ、Ｂｅ、Ｃｄ、Ｃｏ、...     

济宁煤田煤中微量元素的地球化学研究

阐述了研究煤中微量元素的意义,对研究区及采样方法作了介绍,在测试分析资料的基础上,探讨了济宁煤田煤中微量元素在各井田内的平面变化特征和微量元素在不同煤层、同一煤层中垂向上的分布变化规律,初步研究了煤中微量元素的赋存状态,分析了煤中微量元素富集的原因,为今后济宁煤田煤的综合开发和利用提供了重要的参考资料。     

煤中微量元素的赋存状态

在测定煤中微量元素浓度与灰分产率（Ａｄ），各种形态硫（Ｓｔ，ｄ，Ｓｐ，ｄ，Ｓｓ，ｄＳ０，ｄ）的基础上，运用数理统计方法确定了元素的亲有机／无机性，而且也查明了与粘土矿物，黄铁矿乃至硫酸盐矿物等有关的元素。     

淮北煤田煤中镧系元素和钇的地球化学——“岩浆侵入对淮北花沟西煤中稀土元素分布的影响”的商榷

"岩浆侵入对淮北花沟西煤中稀土元素分布的影响"(高校地质学报,2013,19(4):671-676页)和"岩浆侵入对袁店二井煤矿72煤中稀土元素的影响"(煤炭工程,2014,46(5):119-122页)两文均表明"岩浆侵入致使煤中稀土元素含量增加,使煤中稀土元素发生了二次迁移与富集,且岩浆组分对煤中稀土元素的迁移富集具有一定程度的影响",而经重新整理原作者数据,并对其中镧系元素和钇(REY)的含量特征、上陆壳标准化分配模式的分析后,则得出完全不同的结论:淮北煤田煤中REY平均118mg/kg,天然焦中REY平均128mg/kg,侵入岩中REY平均326mg/kg;煤层侵入岩REY含量高于煤和天然焦,而煤和天然焦中REY含量无显著差别。煤层侵入岩上陆壳标准化的REY分配模式均显著富集LREY,且明显与煤和天然焦的REY分配模式不同,这表明岩浆侵入对煤中镧系元素和钇的影响甚微,且煤中的HREY较LREY和MREY富集。总结得出:对煤中稀土元素地球化学的研究须将钇元素一并分析,且将REY三分(LREY,MREY和HREY)便于更细致的对比;稀土元素分配模式标准化的参考应该尽量选择与煤近似的地质体(如北美页岩、上陆壳、中国煤等),不应均以球粒陨石为标准,方可更准确地解析稀土元素的来源及其在成煤及变质过程中的分异等。     

淮北煤田二叠纪煤中伴生元素的亲和性研究

以淮北煤田二叠纪10、7、3煤层样品为研究对象，采用仪器中子活化法（INNA）测试了煤中42个伴生元素的含量，将其与华北石炭-二叠纪和中国煤中的伴生元素含量、范围进行了对比，并对伴生元素中主量元素含量和灰分的关系、微量元素的共生组合特点以及稀土元素含量与灰分的关系、稀土元素分布模式进行了初步分析。结果表明，对环境有影响的Ba、Co、Cr、Cu、Mo、Th、V、W、Zn、Ti元素在研究区煤中相对富集，Al、Ti、K、Na等元素与灰分有较好的相关性，Ca、Mg、Fe和灰分的相关性较差，稀土元素与灰分正相关且具有相似的分配模式，普遍存在Eu亏损现象，说明煤中伴生元素的主要来源是陆源物质。     

煤中微量元素研究进展

煤炭是我国的主要能源，在煤炭开采、运输、洗选、淋溶（滤）、燃烧等其它加工利用过程中，煤中的微量元素要发生迁移、析出，并入侵到大气、水、土壤和生态环境中，最终影响人类生存和生活环境。煤中微量元素十分重要，是因为它们与环境问题、动、植物及人类健康密切相关。在研究微量元素时必须考虑微量元素的性质及毒性，它们主要依靠其含量、种类、存在形式、pH值、氧化-还原条件及其它因素。在全面综合国内外研究文献的基础上，分析了煤中微量元素的发现、分布规律、赋存状态、成因机理及微量元素的应用等方面研究的历史、现状，并对今后研究的重点内容和发展方向进行了较为详细的论述和分析，并指出在进一步深入研究煤中微量元素地球化学的基础上，加强微量元素环境学方面的研究是今后煤中微量元素环境地球化学研究的重要内容。     

中国几个主要煤产地煤中微量元素特征

采用原煤直接溶样和使用ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ方法对我国平朔,大同,六盘水和唐山几个主要煤产地煤的微是元素进行了检测,报道了这几个主要煤产地煤中５１种微量元素含量,并对基含量特征进行了讨论,研究表明,与海水有关的过渡相沉积环境中的煤的Ｌｉ,Ｂｅ,Ｓｃ,Ｔｉ,Ｖ,Ｚｎ,Ｃｕ,Ｇａ,Ａｓ,Ｓｅ,Ｙ,Ｚｒ,Ｓｎ,Ｐｂ,Ｔｈ,Ｕ和稀土元素含量相对较高,内陆湖泊沉积环境中的煤的微量元素含量相对较低。     

Distribution of environmental sensitive trace elements in the Eocene Sorgun coals, Turkey

The distribution of trace elements in the lower Eocene coal seam mined in the Yeniceltek, Kucukkohne and Ayridam coal mines from the Sorgun Basin was investigated in relation to ash content and maceral composition. The coal seam is mainly composed of huminite. In the present study, 35 samples from five seam sections were collected on the basis of megascopic characteristics. Results were determined using an energy dispersive polarised X-ray fluorescence (EDP-XRF) spectrometer on a whole-coal dry basis. Most of the major and trace elements studied are enriched in high-ash samples, while Ba, Br, Mn and W show relative enrichments in low-ash samples. Most of elements studied, such as Ga, Ce, La, Th, Nb, Rb, Zr, V, Cu, U, Pb, Sb, Cs, Sn, Cr, Se, Y and Zn, are primarily associated with mineral matter (clay minerals). Arsenic and a part of Zn, Se and Sb are probably concentrated in pyrites in the samples. Element concentrations show statistically significant negative correlations with many macerals and positive relationships with only attrinite that is mainly mixed with mineral matter (clay minerals and small quartz grains) in the samples. Nine trace elements (As, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Th and U), considered as potentially Hazardous Air Pollutants, are present in low to moderate concentrations. The mean values of trace element concentrations display relative enrichments in Se (2.8 ppm), Th (21 ppm) and W (26 ppm) in the investigated samples in comparison with other coals in the world.     

淮南张集矿区煤中微量元素的含量分布特征分析

在采用ICP-AES对张集7个煤层144个样品微量元素含量测试分析的基础上,探讨了元素在不同煤层中的变化规律及其在煤层对比中的应用。结果表明:张集矿区煤中元素B、Se和As含量偏高;不同煤层中微量元素含量变化较大,但具有一定的规律性,其中在9煤层中元素Ba和Cr含量最低,Mn、Zn、As和Se含量相对较高,可以利用这些元素分布特征来区别和划分相邻煤层。     

Geochemistry of environmentally sensitive trace elements in Permian coals from the Huainan coalfield, Anhui, China

To study the geochemical characteristics of 11 environmentally sensitive trace elements in the coals of the Permian Period from the Huainan coalfield, Anhui province, China, borehole samples of 336 coals, two partings, and four roof and floor mudstones were collected from mineable coal seams. Major elements and selected trace elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HAAS). The depositional environment, abundances, distribution, and modes of occurrence of trace elements were investigated. Results show that clay and carbonate minerals are the principal inorganic constituents in the coals. A lower deltaic plain, where fluvial channel systems developed successively, was the likely depositional environment of the Permian coals in the Huainan coalfield. All major elements have wider variation ranges than those of Chinese coals except for Mg and Fe. The contents of Cr, Co, Ni, and Se are higher than their averages for Chinese coals and world coals. Vertical variations of trace elements in different formations are not significant except for B and Ba. Certain roof and partings are distinctly higher in trace elements than underlying coal bench samples. The modes of occurrence of trace elements vary in different coal seams as a result of different coal-forming environments. Vanadium, Cr, and Th are associated with aluminosilicate minerals, Ba with carbonate minerals, and Cu, Zn, As, Se, and Pb mainly with sulfide minerals.     

淮南矿区煤中12种微量元素的赋存状态及环境效应

为研究淮南矿区煤中微量元素的赋存状态和环境效应,在淮南矿区7个矿井共采集17个样品,采用电感耦合等离子质谱仪（ICP-MS）测定了12种微量元素的含量,分别利用聚类分析和因子分析,结合其地球化学性质,讨论了它们的赋存状态,并采用静态燃烧实验研究其挥发性。结果表明:研究的元素没有异常富集;Zn和Cu赋存于闪锌矿中,Cr、Pb和Cd被粘土矿物吸附,Ba可能赋存于铁白云石和方解石中,Ni、Mo、Co和As主要赋存于黄铁矿中,Be和Se以有机结合态存在;研究的元素大多不易挥发,但Zn和Pb易挥发,且含量较高,环境危害较大,Zn和Pb分别赋存于闪锌矿和粘土矿物中,可通过洗选脱除减小其危害。     

淮北煤田煤中常量金属元素特征及其对煤成烃的影响

煤中常量金属元素是煤的重要组成,也是影响煤物理化学性质及加工利用的主要因素。通过测试淮北煤田16个煤样的4种常量金属元素（Fe、Ca、K和Ti）含量,分析其含量和赋存特征,并在此基础上,对去除铁元素的煤样和原煤样进行了热模拟实验。实验结果表明,4种元素含量的变异系数较大,元素来源具有多样性;钾元素主要以无机状态存在,其他元素以无机和有机结合态存在;去除铁元素的煤样热解烃含量的降低幅度较大。     

淮南煤田山西组泥页岩微量元素地球化学特征及其意义

泥页岩中微量元素特征对反演泥页岩形成时的沉积和古地理气候条件具有重要意义。采集淮南煤田山西组泥页岩样品,利用ICP-MS对泥页岩中微量元素进行了测试分析,探讨了研究区山西组泥页岩中微量元素的地球化学特征及其意义。结果表明,B、Cr、U、Ga、Li、Sn、Pb、Mo、Th、W等元素富集,Cd、Co、Cu、Ti、Zn、Sc、Ba、Mn、Ni、Sr等元素亏损;揭示淮南煤田山西组形成于温暖湿润和半咸水-高咸水的沉积环境中,沉积体系为开放型,体系内为弱氧化-还原环境,其中以弱还原-还原环境为主,且表现出从早期弱氧化到中后期的还原环境的演化特征;依据U/Th、Ni/Co、Sr/Cu、B/Ga、Sr/Ba、TOC等地球化学参数结果推测,盐度和氧化还原条件受到多种因素的影响,有机质的原始堆积量是影响山西组泥页岩中有机质含量的主要因素,而盐度和氧化还原条件影响有机质中各显微组分含量。研究区温暖湿润的气候和较为还原的环境为有机质的堆积和保存提供了有利条件,为页岩气的成藏提供了物质基础。     

淮北煤田梁花园井田滑脱构造

为了查明梁花园井田的基本构造,指导本区煤炭勘查开发,应用滑脱构造理论,结合钻孔资料和地震剖面,对区内地层、煤层、断层等特征进行了详细对比、综合分析和系统研究,否定了以往对该井田（垒-堑式）构造的看法,并取得新的认识。梁花园井田的主体构造是一个滑脱构造;控制梁花园井田的东、西两条大断层（原F₁、F₈）实际是同一条向下凹的弧形滑脱断层;梁花园井田实际是一块较为完整的矿产地。该结论扩大了梁花园井田煤炭储量的估算范围,避免了因认识误差造成的资源浪费。     

淮北煤田构造特征和形成机制

淮北煤田位于徐宿弧形推覆构造带前缘和外缘带。通过分析区域地质资料,并结合野外地质调查,探讨了淮北煤田的构造、演化特征及其形成机制。结果表明：①以宿北断裂为界将淮北煤田划分为南、北2个构造分区,北区构造线总体走向近SN-NNE,呈向西凸出的弧形展布,以逆冲断层为主,发育侏罗山式长轴褶皱;南区构造线走向NNW和NNE,以正断层和开阔短轴褶皱为主。②北区处于徐宿推覆构造主体部位,萧县背斜及其以东地区为上盘推覆体,萧县背斜以西地区属上盘推覆体;南区以西寺坡断层为界,该断层以东地带位于徐宿弧形构造带东南末端,属推覆构造上覆系统,西寺坡断层以西地区为推覆体下伏系统。③自石炭-二叠纪含煤地层沉积后,淮北煤田至少经历了3期较大的构造事件,即印支期近SN方向的挤压,形成近EW向断裂构造为主;燕山早期NWW-SEE方向的强烈挤压作用,形成徐宿弧形构造;燕山晚期NNE-SSW方向挤压,在煤田内形成大量NNE-SSW方向正断层。     

A preliminary study on the enrichment mechanism and occurrence of hazardous trace elements in the Tertiary lignite from the Shenbei coalfield, China

The Cr and Ni contents are high in the Eocene lignite of the Shenbei coalfield, which is a small intracontinental basin located in Liaoning Province, China. In this paper, we studied the distribution, origin and occurrence of Cr, Ni and other hazardous trace elements in the Shenbei lignite on the basis of coal petrology, and geochemistry of the lignite and combustion products. The following conclusions on the Shenbei lignite can be drawn: (1) The dominant maceral group in the Shenbei coal is huminite (humodetrinite), accounting for 96%–99% of the total maceral. Inertinite content is less than 1%. Liptinite content (sporinite and cutinite) is 0.2–1.6%. Common minerals in the Shenbei lignite include clay minerals (kaolinite), pyrite and quartz, and calcite and siderite. Chromite is not present in the lignite. (2) Potentially hazardous trace elements such as Co (22 μg/g), Cr (79 μg/g), Cu (63 μg/g), Zn (93 μg/g), V (88 μg/g) and Ni (75 μg/g) are strongly enriched in the Shenbei lignite compared with average concentration of trace elements in the Chinese coal and worldwide lignite. These elements are mainly associated with fulvic acid (FA) and/or coal organic macromolecular compounds in most of the studied lignite samples, indicating an organic association and enrichment of these elements in the Shenbei lignite. (3) Unusually high trace elements contents in the Shenbei lignite are derived mainly from the olivine basalt (country rock of coal basin) that consists of 52.7% plagioclase, 17.8% pyroxene, 14% olivine and 15.5% Ti–Fe oxide minerals. These olivine basalts have higher Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn contents than other types of rock and worldwide basalts do. (4) Fly ash of the Shenbei lignite, with 90% 1–50 μm amorphous particles and 8% 1–10 μm cenosphere, has high contents of Zn (23,707 μg/g), Be (12 μg/g), Sr (1574 μg/g), Pb (486 μg/g) and Cr (349 μg/g). In particular, the ferruginous micro-cenoshperes contain 1–12.79% Zn. Fine bottom ash (<0.031mm) of the Shenbei lignite has higher contents for most of the elements with the exception of Mo, Sn and Zn. Therefore, the potentially environmental and health impact of the fly ash and fine bottom ash should constitute a major concern.