南水北调中线典型承压水地层渠段渗流场数值分析

南水北调中线工程中,渗流问题是影响渠道衬砌及渠坡稳定的关键因素之一,在具有承压水地层的深挖方渠段尤其如此。为更全面分析该类渠段渗流场分布特征及渗控措施合理性,采用渗流自由面、密集排水孔三维有限元精细模拟技术,针对典型深挖方渠段建立渗流模型,模拟渠道渗流场分布,分析渗控措施的效果。结果表明,在具有承压水地层渠段布置排水垫层,并结合逆止阀以及渠坡排水孔等综合措施,能有效降低渠底衬砌板下扬压力,为工程安全运行提供有力保障。     

地下隧洞结构区间分析的优化方法

工程中的不确定性问题可以用区间理论、随机理论或模糊理论进行求解。采用区间分析方法来处理地下隧洞结构开挖支护过程中的不确定性问题时。将结构系统中的不确定性参数用区间数来表示,用有限元方法建立系统的控制方程。该控制方程是一个包含不确定性几何参数的复杂的非线性区间方程组。讨论了两种优化计算模型,分别将方程组中的所有区间数作为设计变量,区间量的变化区间作为相应的设计变量的边界约束,运用遗传模拟退火算法求出位移和应力等响应量的最大值和最小值。通过工程算例验证了文中方法的合理性及可行性,并与端点组合方法的结果进行了比较分析。     

气候变化条件下水资源系统风险的不确定性

气候变化条件下水资源系统风险分析中不确定性主人可分为水资源系统的规划、设计和运行管理三个阶段。不确定性主要来自气候变化条件下降水、气温等水文气象资料，这些资料可用于预测气候变化条件下水文极端事件（洪水和干旱）。水文气象资料在系统规划、设计和运行中极为重要。本文根据通用环流模型（ＧＣＭ）预测值，用小尺度气候变化时的水文气象资料。并采用一种新技术－模糊法来估计其不确定性，给出了半干旱地区的气候变化时变     

遗传算法在地下水资源管理中的应用——以松原市区的地下水资源管理为例

针对传统的求解地下水资源管理模型方法的缺点,嵌入法在多时段计算中因为会出现维数灾难而无法进行,响应矩阵法必须对非线性的地下水数值模拟模型进行线性化处理从而带来误差,提出一种新的求解地下水资源管理模型的方法,即用遗传算法解地下水资源管理模型。该方法可以克服传统方法的缺点。     

试论孔雀河流域中水量的监测方案与实施

对孔雀河流域水量实施监测,是及时掌握流域水质、水文情况的重要举措。鉴于该流域水量监测手段难以满足现实需求以及水资源不确定性因素的增加,以新建库塔干渠龙口段、库塔干渠二支渠、第二枢纽多浪渠、西尼尔水库进库4处监测站点为基本节点,构成一个完整的水资源监测网络,实现了对孔雀河流域水资源的变化的有效监测,为该流域的水资源进行科学、系统调配提供了重要依据。     

隧道衬砌随机分析的区间有限元法

隧道衬砌结构内力计算中,围岩的力学参数和结构的参数具有不确定性,同时,其不确定性是有界的。对于这些参数的不确定性,在工程上可以用一个合理的区间数值来估计。对于单个随机变量,可以采用有限元方程来求解结构内力;而对于多个随机变量的情况,考虑到计算模型的不确定性和数学求解的复杂性,利用有限元程序来导出各变量对结构内力的作用效应,进而得到不同参数组合的区间值,最终确定隧道衬砌的结构内力区间值,为隧道衬砌结构内力的计算和工程应用提供一种新方法。     

城市河道雨洪系统优化运行规则研究

针对北京城市河道雨洪系统特性,提出优化运行规划的数学模型和求解方法。将数学模拟技术、多目标决策和回归分析等多种系统分析方法综合运用,推导运行规则。实例研究成果表明,模型和求解方法可行,优调效果明显。     

锚索抗滑桩设计拉力及锁定值的规划求解研究

预应力锚索抗滑桩桩头设计拉力及锁定值的确定是锚索抗滑桩结构设计计算的关键技术问题之一,本文基于采用线弹性Winkle地基梁有限差分法的抗滑桩结构分析计算软件"Analypile",对全桩整体采用有限差分法求解其内力,避免了将桩身分解为受荷段和锚固段及利用滑面处连续条件求解的复杂过程,该方法对滑坡推力及地基系数取值,可依据实际情况假定为广义形式来模拟土体对抗滑桩的作用工况,能很好地求解预应力锚索作用于抗滑桩或桩身设多道锚索工况下的锚索拉力值,并利用Excel规划求解工具合理选定工程优化目标,建立综合约束条件及其规划模型,提出了一种新的有关桩头预应力锚索设计拉力及锁定值的确定原则和方法。     

磁性下界面的正则化反演方法

根据磁异常反演磁性介质下界面,属于非线性问题,一般很难直接求解.本文采用将非线性问题线性化措施,建立起线性离散磁模型,然后应用线性规划的正则算法,设计了迭代求解方案.该方法不要求已知界面起伏的平均深度,只要求假定界面是连续的及磁性沿横向变化.算法便于对解施行物理约束,具有收敛快,精度高的特点.     

构建沅水流域实时洪水预报调度系统研究

本文对沅水流域的地形、地理、气候特征和洪水发生规律进行了概述，就流域的分区、预报模型的选择和模型参数的选取、调度模型的选择和求解步骤，以及信息技术的应用等方面进行了分析和论述，其思路可作为构建沅水流域实时洪水预报调度系统设计的依据．同时也可作为其它省或流域构建类似系统时参考。     

汶川地震断裂带科学钻探项目尾管固井技术的应用

介绍了汶川地震断裂带科学钻探项目钻探施工过程中尾管固井技术的应用情况。针对该项目钻探施工的复杂地层条件,研发了适合于破碎地层和小套管间隙的无接箍尾管固井技术,关键技术包括尾管管柱设计、尾管下人及钻柱分离技术和施工工艺、适合于破碎地层和小套管间隙条件的尾管固井浆液设计和施工工艺。采用研发成功的尾管固井技术,在该项目的二号孔和三号孔中共进行了4次下尾管作业,均获得了成功。     

New approach to milling circuit control—robust inverse Nyquist array design

The aim of this paper is to present an application of robust inverse Nyquist array control design method to a milling circuit in Majdanpek Copper Mine. An existent model of a milling circuit was adopted to respond to robust inverse Nyquist array methodology demand by introducing model uncertainty, and optimal robust controller of milling circuit is designed. The proposed controller is robust for reference signals. The robustness of multivariable feedback systems with designed controller is tested and compared with different, previously designed multivariable controllers. Simulation results, in time domain, demonstrate the preferable performance of the designed robust controller in setpoint tracking. Implementation of the new controller without any investments in new equipment significantly improves performance of the milling process.     

加肋土工膜衬垫系统稳定性分析

针对填埋场衬垫系统薄弱界面容易失稳,在加肋土工膜与砂土界面力学机制分析的基础上,改进了传统双楔体分析法,考虑了加肋土工膜肋块端部端承阻力对衬垫系统稳定性的影响,建立了加肋土工膜衬垫系统稳定性分析解析解。结合某实际工程初步设计,对加肋土工膜衬垫系统进行了稳定性分析,探讨了肋块形状、肋块高度和加肋间距对衬垫系统安全系数的影响。分析结果表明,该解析解能更好地计算加肋土工膜衬垫系统的安全系数。当加肋间距为20 mm时,肋块高度对安全系数的影响较大;当肋块高度一定时,安全系数随着加肋间距增加而逐渐减小;在加肋间距大于200 mm之后,加肋土工膜已接近光面土工膜的剪切特性。     

Risk analysis for flood-control structure under consideration of uncertainties in design flood

This study presents a risk analysis model to evaluate the failure risk for the flood-control structures in the Keelung River due to the uncertainties in the hydrological and hydraulic analysis, including hydrologic, hydraulic, and geomorphologic uncertainty factors. This study defines failure risk as the overtopping probability of the maximum water level exceeding the levee crown, and the proposed risk analysis model integrates with the advanced first-order and second-moment (AFOSM) method to calculate the overtopping probability of levee system. The proposed model is used to evaluate the effects of the freeboard and flood-diversion channel on the flood-control ability of the levees in the Keelung River, which were designed based on the 3-day, 200-year design rainfall event. The numerical experiments indicate that the hydrologic uncertainty factors have more effect on the estimated maximum water level than hydraulic and geomorphologic uncertainty factors. In addition, the freeboard and the flood-diversion channel can effectively reduce the overtopping probability so as to significantly enhance the flood-control capacity of the levee system in the Keelung River. Eventually, the proposed risk analysis successfully quantifies the overtopping risk of the levee system under a scenario, the increase in the average 200-year rainfall amount due to climate change, and the results could be useful when planning to upgrade the existing levee system.     

基于有机污染物扩散的复合衬垫厚度的概率设计

有机污染物在复合衬垫中的运移以扩散方式为主。目前关于运移参数不确定性及其对衬垫性能影响的研究还不多,复合衬垫厚度的设计也没有考虑不确定性的影响。总结了运移参数已有的成果,采用蒙特卡罗法研究了半无限条件下运移参数的变异性对衬垫底部污染物质量浓度和通量的影响,并对衬垫厚度进行了设计。研究表明:土工膜中有机污染物的分配系数和扩散系数的变异性对质量浓度和通量的影响可以忽略,而土中有机污染物的扩散系数和阻滞系数的变异性对其影响则非常显著。确定性方法计算的结果偏于危险,有必要加强对土中有机污染物的扩散系数和阻滞系数概率特性的研究。以甲苯为例进行黏土衬垫厚度设计,结果表明:概率计算方法得到的黏土衬垫厚度约为确定性方法的1.71~1.81倍,采用概率方法进行衬垫设计更合理。     

开闭式反循环钻头的结构设计与工作原理

由于煤层松软和破碎的缘故,松软突出煤层瓦斯抽放孔易垮塌,将导致钻孔成孔率低,瓦斯抽放通道易堵塞,影响了瓦斯抽采效率。为解决这些问题,设计了开闭式反循环钻头,并对其结构特点和工作原理进行分析。这种钻头结合了全程筛管下放和反循环钻进2种工艺的优势。通过降低对孔壁的二次破坏,提高了钻孔成孔率和成孔深度;通过全孔段下放筛管,防止孔壁垮塌堵塞瓦斯通道,提高了瓦斯抽放孔的利用率。介绍了该新型钻头的结构设计、工作原理和应用情况。     

Evaluation of the Reduction in Uncertainty Obtained by Conditioning a 3D Stochastic Channel to Multiwell Pressure Data

A stochastic channel embedded in a background facies is conditioned to data observed at wells. The background facies is a fixed rectangular box. The model parameters consist of geometric parameters that describe the shape, size, and location of the channel, and permeability and porosity in the channel and nonchannel facies. We extend methodology previously developed to condition a stochastic channel to well-test pressure data, and well observations of the channel thickness and the depth of the top of the channel. The main objective of this work is to characterize the reduction in uncertainty in channel model parameters and predicted reservoir performance that can be achieved by conditioning to well-test pressure data at one or more wells. Multiple conditional realizations of the geometric parameters and rock properties are generated to evaluate the uncertainty in model parameters. The ensemble of predictions of reservoir performance generated from the suite of realizations provides a Monte Carlo estimate of the uncertainty in future performance predictions. In addition, we provide some insight on how prior variances, data measurement errors, and sensitivity coefficients interact to determine the reduction in model parameters obtained by conditioning to pressure data and examine the value of active and observation well data in resolving model parameters.     

垃圾填埋场复合衬垫剪切特性单剪试验研究

针对垃圾填埋工程中复合衬垫的界面抗剪特性,利用改进的叠环式单剪仪,对由砂土-无纺型土工布-土工网格-土工膜-夯实粘土组成复合衬垫进行了整体剪切试验研究。重点讨论了复合衬垫整体单剪试验的应力-位移曲线、相同剪切应力下各个界面的位移大小与变化特征和强度特性。研究结果表明：复合衬垫整体单剪试验的应力-位移曲线在低法向应力试验中没有呈现明显的软化特征,在高法向应力试验中有硬化现象;随法向应力增加剪切破坏面会发生转移;目前常用的把复合衬垫拆分为单个界面进行研究来确定最危险界面的方法不能够正确地反映填埋场中的复合衬垫在加载过程中的衬垫单元的实际受压变形情况和在剪切变形过程中最危险破坏面转移的情况;复合衬垫界面的抗剪强度包线呈现双曲线性质。     

Conditioning Channel Meanders to Well Observations

Assessment of uncertainty in the performance of fluvial reservoirs often requires the ability to generate realizations of channel sands that are conditional to well observations. For channels with low sinuosity this problem has been effectively solved. When the sinuosity is large, however, the standard stochastic models for fluvial reservoirs are not valid, because the deviation of the channel from a principal direction line is multivalued. In this paper, I show how the method of randomized maximum likelihood can be used to generate conditional realizations of channels with large sinuosity. In one example, a Gaussian random field model is used to generate an unconditional realization of a channel with large sinuosity, and this realization is then conditioned to well observations. Channels generated in the second approach are less realistic, but may be sufficient for modeling reservoir connectivity in a realistic way. In the second example, an unconditional realization of a channel is generated by a complex geologic model with random forcing. It is then adjusted in a meaningful way to honor well observations. The key feature in the solution is the use of channel direction instead of channel deviation as the characteristic random function describing the geometry of the channel.     

浅埋黄土隧道三层支护结构力学特性现场测试

为研究浅埋黄土隧道锚喷初支+初衬+二衬构成的3层支护体系力学特性,以某黄土隧道为依托,采用钢弦式传感器对围岩压力、初衬与二衬接触压力、二衬钢筋轴力、二衬混凝土应变、钢拱架应力等进行了系统测试与分析。结果表明：(1) 作用在左拱腰处的围岩压力较大,且稳定值为240 kPa;(2) 浅埋段按不同围岩压力计算公式得到压力值均大于围岩压力实测值,其中采用太沙基公式得到的压力值与实测值相对接近;(3) 该黄土隧道二衬全部受压,其分布形态呈明显的猫耳形,初支、初衬、二衬承受的荷载比例分别为51.34%、37.29%、11.38%;(4) 钢拱架整体以受压为主,在拱顶和拱腰处受力较大,接近屈服状态;(5) 初支发挥了一定的围岩自承能力,其与初衬共同承担了大部分围岩荷载,二衬主要为结构安全储备。