基于Cyberland与PCI的高分辨率卫星影像几何纠正比较研究

本文通过对高分辨率快鸟遥感卫星影像的几何纠正,比较了Cyberland和PCI Geomatica在高分辨率卫星遥感影像几何纠正方面的特点及对相关数据的要求,认为Cyberland的三角网纠正方法与PCI Geomatica的OrthoEngine模块相比具有许多独到之处,值得在实际生产中推广应用。     

PCI接口12通道2-16位可调DAC卡设计

介绍了PCI接口芯片CH365和AVR单片机Megal28的工作原理，利用PWM（Pulse-Width Modulation脉宽调制）设计DAC卡的基本理论，详细讨论了利用CH365和Megal28实现PCI接口的12路多位接口卡的原理和方法，给出了软硬件设计的关键步骤和技术，并讨论了PWM输出的滤波电路。     

CAN总线在控制系统中的应用

阐述了CAN总线的工作原理，并运用SJA1000、PCA82C250和单片机ADuCS12实现了CAN节点与上位机的通信。     

基于不同软件的资源三号正射影像处理的对比分析

全球地理信息资源建设(简称“全球测图”)对于提升我国测绘地理信息能力、保障“一带一路”国家倡议实施、抢占国际竞争制高点具有重要意义^[1]。数字正射影像图(DOM)是全球地理信息资源建设与维护更新项目的一个重要数据产品,也是基础地理信息成果的重要组成部分。通过对PixelFactory、GeoWay CIPS、PixelGrid、PCI GXL、沃韦五款软件在正射校正、影像融合、匀光匀色、镶嵌编辑等方面进行对比分析,总结各自特点,研究分析几款软件的优劣势,对数字正射影像处理技术有一定借鉴意义。     

一种利用MCS—8098单片机实现STD工控总线的方法

阐述了以ＭＣＳ－８０９８单片机为处理机实现ＳＴＤ工控总线的方法，给出了８０９８单片机的最小系统配置，选择不同的标准功能模板及少量特殊电路，就可以构成不同的实时控制系统。     

一种利用MCS—8098单片机实现STD工控总线的方法

阐述了以MCS－8098单片机为处理机实现STD工控总线的方法，给出了8098单片机的最小系统配置，选择不同的标准功能模板及少量特殊电路，就可以构成不同的实时控制系统。     

基于CSMA/CD通信总线的数据一致性算法

为了解决总线网络中多节点数据一致性问题,提出了基于CSMA/CD通信总线的分布式算法。通过区分读写特征提高算法的并发度;通过求“模”运算将分布式同步问题转化为单节点同步,提高算法的性能,减少所需的消息数。性能分析和仿真试验表明,该算法消耗系统资源较少,有较低的消息复杂度和时间复杂度。     

基于现场总线的通用数据采集器软件系统设计

介绍一种基于CAN总线的多路数据采集系统的软件设计.给出了软件的设计思想,各模块程序设计流程图及调试结果.系统通过A/D器件及单片机完成对前端模拟量和周期信号频率的采集;利用单片机完成对数据的处理及其它控制功能,实现了系统的数字化;利用LCD完成显示,实现了操作界面的可视化;通过键盘实现测量范围的设定,提高了系统的通用性;系统采用CAN总线完成数据的传输,实现了系统的开放化与网络化.系统在测控领域有一定的应用前景.     

基于语义P2P的地理共享网络中地理服务发现机制

为了消除集中式SOA系统的"单点故障"问题,本文把语义P2P技术和SOA相结合,不再采用SOA的UDD I进行服务的集中式发布,而是在P2P网络上进行分布式服务发布。通过在语义P2P网络上构建SOA系统,利用P2P的优势进行服务的快速发现和获取,同时也利用地理语义推理解决了地理服务发现中的语义冲突问题。为了实现SOA和语义P2P结合的透明性和平滑性,本文把SOA的服务总线扩展为地理服务总线,地理服务总线基于语义P2P进行服务发现,新的服务发现机制在GSB内部实现,对挂接在GSB上的服务透明,服务间还是按同样的方式交互,因而基于SOA的遗留系统能够平滑升级。通过把地理语义P2P引入SOA,既能发挥SOA在解决大规模分布式异构地理共享系统间的互操作性和服务的透明使用方面的优势,又能利用语义P2P实现地理服务的自动快速发现,从而为大规模的地理共享网络系统建设提供了一条新的思路。     

基于CAN总线的自动气象监测系统中的设计

提出基于CAN总线具有很强扩展能力、能灵活配置，可满足各种不同应用和需求的自动气象监测系统。重点介绍系统的硬件和软件的设计方法。     

Temporal and spatial variations in extreme temperatures in the Qilian Mountains-Hexi Corridor over the period 1960-2013

Based on daily maximum and minimum temperatures at 18 meteorological stations in the Qilian Mountains and Hexi Corridor between 1960 and 2013, temporal and spatial variations in extreme temperatures were analysed using linear trends, ten-point moving averages and the Mann-Kendall test. The results are as follows: The trends in the majority of the extreme temperature indices were statistically significant, and the changes in the extreme temperatures were more obvious than the changes in the extreme values. The trends were different for each season, and the changes in rates and intensities in summer and autumn were larger than those in spring and winter. Unlike the cold indices, the magnitudes and trends of the changes in the warm indices were larger and more significant in the Hexi Corridor than in the Qilian Mountains. Abrupt changes were detected in the majority of the extreme temperature indices, and the extreme cold indices usually occurred earlier than the changes in the extreme warm indices. The abrupt changes in the extreme temperatures in winter were the earliest among the four seasons, indicating that these temperature changes were the most sensitive to global climate change. The timing of the abrupt changes in certain indices was consistent throughout the study area, but the changes in the cold indices in the Hexi Corridor occurred approximately four years before those in the Qilian Mountains. Similarly, the changes in the warm indices in the western Hexi Corridor preceded those of the other regions.     

Combined influence of sedimentation and vegetation on the soil carbon stocks of a coastal wetland in the Changjiang estuary

Coastal wetlands play an important role in the global carbon cycle.Large quantities of sediment deposited in the Changjiang(Yangtze) estuary by the Changjiang River promote the propagation of coastal wetlands,the expansion of saltmarsh vegetation,and carbon sequestration.In this study,using the Chongming Dongtan Wetland in the Changjiang estuary as the study area,the spatial and temporal distribution of soil organic carbon(SOC) stocks and the influences of sedimentation and vegetation on the SOC stocks of the coastal wetland were examined in 2013.There was sediment accretion in the northern and middle areas of the wetland and in the Phragmites australis marsh in the southern area,and sediment erosion in the Scirpus mariqueter marsh and the bare mudflat in the southern area.More SOC accumulated in sediments of the vegetated marsh than in the bare mudflat.The total organic carbon(TOC) stocks increased in the above-ground biomass from spring to autumn and decreased in winter;in the below-ground biomass,they gradually increased from spring to winter.The TOC stocks were higher in the below-ground biomass than in the above-ground biomass in the P.australis and Spartina altemiflora marshes,but were lower in the below-ground biomass in S.mariqueter marsh.Stocks of SOC showed temporal variation and increased gradually in all transects from spring to winter.The SOC stocks tended to decrease from the high marsh down to the bare mudflat along the three transects in the order:P.australis marsh S.alterniflora marsh S.mariqueter marsh bare mudflat.The SOC stocks of the same vegetation type were higher in the northern and middle transects than in the southern transect.These results suggest that interactions between sedimentation and vegetation regulate the SOC stocks in the coastal wetland in the Changjiang estuary.     

Biomarker responses in the bivalve Chlamys farreri to the water-soluble fraction of crude oil

To investigate the effect of the water soluble fraction of crude oil(WSF) on marine bivalves, the scallop C hlamys farreri was exposed to three WSF concentrations(0.18 mg/L, 0.32 mg/L, and 0.51 mg/L, respectively) in seawater. Petroleum hydrocarbon contents in scallops and a suite of enzymes [7-Ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase(EROD), aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase(AHH), glutathione S-transferase(GST), and glutathione peroxidase(GPx)] in gills and digestive glands were monitored over 10 days. The results revealed that WSF affected the activity of the four enzymes in the gills and digestive glands. EROD activity in the gills was significantly induced in most individuals of the three test groups, while in the digestive gland it was significantly induced in the low-concentration group within 4 days but was inhibited in the middle- and high-concentration groups on days 1, 4, and 10. AHH activity in the gills of all treatment groups was significantly induced on day 1. In the digestive gland, AHH activity was induced in most individuals from the treatment groups. In all treatment groups, GST activity was significantly inhibited from days 2 to 10 in the gills and was induced after day 4 in the digestive gland. GPx activity in the gills was significantly inhibited throughout the exposure period in all treatment groups. There was no overall significant difference in GPx activity in the digestive gland between the control and treatment groups. Our results also revealed that petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations in the tissues increased linearly with exposure time. EROD activity in the digestive gland and GST and GPx activity in the gill tissue were negatively correlated with petroleum hydrocarbon body burden. These enzymes play important roles in detoxification and can act as potential biomarkers for monitoring petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants in the marine environment.     

Estimations of net primary productivity and evapotranspiration based on HJ-1A/B data in Jinggangshan city, China

Net primary productivity(NPP) and evapotranspiration(ET) are two key variables in the carbon and water cycles of terrestrial ecosystems.In this study,to test a newly developed NPP algorithm designed for HJ-1 A/B data and to evaluate the usage of HJ-1 A/B data in the quantitative assessment of environments,NPP and ET in Jinggangshan city,Jiangxi province,are calculated using HJ-1 A/B data.The results illustrate the following:(1) The NPP and ET in Jinggangshan city in 2010 both show obvious seasonal variation,with the highest values in summer and the lowest values in winter,and relatively higher values were observed in autumn than in spring.(2) The spatial pattern indicates that the annual NPP is high in the southern area in Jinggangshan city and low in the northern area.Additionally,high NPP is distributed in forests located in areas with high elevation,and low NPP is found in croplands at low elevations.ET has no significant north-south difference,with high values in the southeast and northwest and low values in the southwest,and high ET is distributed in forests at low elevations in contrast to low ET in forests in high-elevation areas and in cropland and shrub grassland in low-elevation areas.(3) Compared to the MODIS product,the range of HJ-1 NPP is larger,and the spatial pattern is more coincident with the topography.The range of HJ-1 ET is smaller than that of the MODIS product,and ET is underestimated to some extent but can reflect the effect of topography.This study suggests that the algorithm can be used to estimate NPP and ET in a subtropical monsoon climate if remotely sensed images with high spatial resolution are available.     

Comparison of the spatio-temporal dynamics of vegetation between the Changbai Mountains of eastern Eurasia and the Appalachian Mountains of eastern North America

The Changbai Mountains and the Appalachian Mountains have similar spatial contexts. The elevation, latitude, and moisture gradients of both mountain ranges offer regional insight for investigating the vegetation dynamics in eastern Eurasia and eastern North America. We determined and compared the spatial patterns and temporal trends in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in the Changbai Mountains and the Appalachian Mountains using time series data from the Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies 3rd generation dataset from 1982 to 2013. The spatial pattern of NDVI in the Changbai Mountains exhibited fragmentation, whereas NDVI in the Appalachian Mountains decreased from south to north. The vegetation dynamics in the Changbai Mountains had an insignificant trend at the regional scale, whereas the dynamics in the Appalachian Mountains had a significant increasing trend. NDVI increased in 55% of the area of the Changbai Mountains and in 95% of the area of the Appalachian Mountains. The peak NDVI occurred one month later in the Changbai Mountains than in the Appalachian Mountains. The results revealed a significant increase in NDVI in autumn in both mountain ranges. The climatic trend in the Changbai Mountains included warming and decreased precipitation, and whereas that in the Appalachian Mountains included significant warming and increased precipitation. Positive and negative correlations existed between NDVI and temperature and precipitation, respectively, in both mountain ranges. Particularly, the spring temperature and NDVI exhibited a significant positive correlation in both mountain ranges. The results of this study suggest that human actives caused the differences in the spatial patterns of NDVI and that various characteristics of climate change and intensity of human actives dominated the differences in the NDVI trends between the Changbai Mountains and the Appalachian Mountains. Additionally, the vegetation dynamics of both mountain ranges were not identical to those in previous broader-scale studies.     

Current status of small yellow croaker resources in the southern Yellow Sea and the East China Sea

We used data from bottom trawl surveys to study the factors influencing the abundance of small yellow croaker, Larimichthys polyactis, in the southern Yellow Sea (SYS) and the East China Sea (ECS). The resource density index (RDI) was generally higher in summer and autumn than in spring and winter. RDIs were also significantly greater in the SYS than in the ECS in summer and autumn. The bottom water salinity and depth of spatial distribution of small yellow croaker was similar between the two areas in summer, but different in other seasons. Regression analysis suggested that environmental factors such as bottom water temperature, salinity, and depth influenced the RDIs in summer in these areas. Growth condition factor (GCF) in the two areas varied monthly and the croaker in the SYS grew more slowly than those in the ECS. This was likely due to the low bottom temperature of the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass in summer and autumn or to higher human fishing pressure in the ECS. To ensure sustainable utilization of the croaker stocks in these regions, we recommend reducing the fishing intensity, increasing the cod-end mesh size, and improving the protection of juveniles.     

Relationship between Antarctic sea ice and the climate in summer of China

The variations of sea ice are different in different regions in Antarctica, thus have different impacts on local atmospheric circulation and global climatic system. The relationships between the sea ice in Ross Sea and Weddell Sea regions and the synoptic climate in summer of China are investigated in this paper via diagnostic analysis methods by using global sea ice concentration gridded data covering Jan. 1968 through Dec. 2002 obtained from Hadley Center, combined with Geopotential Height on 500hPa and 100hPa over North Hemisphere and monthly precipitation and air temperatures data covering the corresponding period over 160 meteorological stations in China obtained from CMA （ China Meteorological Administration）. Results disclose that both these two regions are of indicative meanings to the climate in summer of China. The Ross Sea Region is the key sea ice region to the precipitation in Northeast China in summer. More sea ice in this region in September will result in less precipitation in Northeast China in the following June. Weddell Sea Region is the key sea ice region to the air temperature in Northeast China in summer. More sea ice in this region in September will contribute to lower air temperature in Northeast China in the following June.     

Distribution of Methyl Mercury in Rana chensinensis and Environmental Media in Gold-mining Areas of Upper Reaches of Songhua River,China

The distribution characteristics of methyl mercury in Rana chensinensis and water,sediment and soil in gold-mining areas of the upper reaches of the Songhua River,China were studied by field sampling and laboratory testing.The results show that the methyl mercury contents in water,sediment and soil in gold-mining areas are much higher than those in the control site,indicating that gold-mining activities intensify the methyl mercury pollution in the study area.Methyl mercury contents are in a descending order of sediment soil water in the environment,and in a descending order of brain viscera muscle skin in Rana chensinensis.There are significant correlation between methyl mercury contents in Rana chensinensis and those in water and sediment.In particular,the methyl mercury content in the skin of Rana chensinensis is positively correlated with those in water and sediment in spring.Therefore,skin is one of main intake pathways for methyl mercury due to its high permeability.