Geochemistry and fluid evolution of the peralkaline rare-metal granite, Gabal Gharib, Eastern Desert of Egypt

The Neoproterozoic pluton of Gabal Gharib granite Eastern Desert of Egypt is intruded in subduction-related calc-alkaline granitic rocks of granodiorite to adamellite composition. A zone of metasomatized granite was developed along the contacts at the expense of the calc-alkaline granite. The granite of Gabal Gharib is hypersolvus, composed mainly of orthoclase-microperthite, quartz, and interstitial arfvedsonite. Fluorite, zircon, ilmenite, allanite, and astrophyllite are the main accessories. Pegmatite pods as well as miarolitic cavities (mineral-lined cavities) are common and ranging in size from a few millimeters to 50?cm. Rare-metal minerals such as columbite, cassiterite, and fluorite have been identified from the miarolitic cavities. Geochemical studies revealed that Gabal Gharib granite is a highly fractionated granite, homogeneous in composition, with high contents of SiO₂, and alkalis, high Ga/Al, and Fe/Mg ratios, and low concentrations of Al, Mg, and CaO relative to granodiorite?Cadamellite country rocks. Gabal Gharib granite is metaluminous to peralkaline with ASI (0.94?C1.07). Trace element characteristics of Gabal Gharib granite include abundances of Rb, Nb, Ta, Sn, Th, U, Y, Ga, Zn, rare earth elements (REEs, except Eu), and F, and depletion in Sr, and Ba relative to granodiorite?Cadamellite country rocks. It has the geochemical characteristic of anorogenic A-type granite. The uniform trends of differentiation, normal REE distribution patterns, and low calculated tetrad effects of REE (<0.2) indicate that the effect of post-magmatic subsolidus processes were minimal in the studied granite. Fluid inclusions were studied in quartz crystals from Gabal Gharib granite, quartz pods, and metasomatized granite. The study revealed the presence of high-temperature (480?C550°C), high-salinity (19.45?C39.13?wt.% NaCl eq.) primary inclusions in both metasomatized and rare-metal granites coexisting with melt inclusions and medium-temperature (350?C450°C), medium-salinity (10?C16?wt.% NaCl esq.) aqueous inclusions coexisting hydrocarbon-bearing inclusions. Hydrocarbon is represented by magmatic CH4 in Gabal Gharib granite, while heavier aliphatic compounds may be present in quartz pods. Melt inclusions with temperatures of homogenization >600°C were also reported. Petrographic, geochemical, and fluid inclusion studies constrain that the peralkaline anorogenic granite of Gabal Gharib was derived from highly evolved magma probably originated by fractional crystallization of mantle source.     

Geochemistry of Miocene shoshonites,Lesbos, Greece

Mid-Miocene shoshonitic volcanism in Lesbos is preceded and followed by minor calcalkaline activity that probably terminated in the Pliocene. Two differentiation trends are recognised in the shoshonites. The older shoshonites include voluminous acid rocks (mostly ignimbrites) and show normal shoshonite REE patterns. They were probably derived from partial melting of garnet peridotite enriched in LILE, with later fractionation controlled by anhydrous phases. Cooling units in the ignimbrites show upward increase in the K content of glass, suggesting K-feldspar fractionation in a high level magma chamber. Later shoshonites and the calc-alkali rocks have HREE enrichment and contain hydrous cognate xenoliths. Partial melting of a rising periodite diapir which had been relatively enriched in HREE within the garnet stability field and then entered the spinel stability field, would produce the observed HREE enrichment pattern. Later fractionation of these younger shoshonites and calc-alkali rocks was controlled largely by hydrous phases.     

Geochemistry of coexisting hornblende and biotite from the Ambalavayal granite,Kerala

Major and trace element geochemistry of coexisting hornblendes and biotites from the Ambalavayal granite, northern Kerala, are presented. The hornblendes correspond to edenitic composition, whereas the biotites correspond to annite. The hornblendes typically show high Al₂O₃ contents (9·69–11·89%) comparable with those from anorogenic granites. The biotites are characteristically low Mg-type, similar to those reported from alkaline rocks. The distribution coefficients calculated for all the major and trace elements are presented and an evaluation of the nature of variation indicate near-chemical equilibrium conditions during the crystallization of the two minerals. The hornblende-biotite tie lines in the Fe³⁺?Fe²⁺?Mg compositional triangle, lie parallel to those of buffered biotites, indicating crystallization in an environment closed to oxygen and well above the Ni?NiO buffer. It is inferred that thefH₂O increased towards the residual stage andfO₂ values were high, in the range of 10^?15 bars.     

柴达木山花岗岩的岩石学、地球化学及锆石U-Pb年代学研究

正柴北缘高压—超高压变质带内发育的榴辉岩、蛇绿岩、麻粒岩及片麻岩等前人进行了大量的研究。大柴旦地区是柴北缘古生代超高压带的重要组成部分,与超高压岩石相伴的花岗岩十分发育,查明该超高压带上花岗质岩浆活动期次及其与超高压变质作用、造山带构造演化之间的关系,对探讨中国西部大地构造演化具有十分重要的意义(吴才来等,2007)。     

广西型花岗岩的地球化学特征及其构造意义

花岗岩按照Sr-Yb含量可以分为5类：富Sr贫Yb的埃达克型,贫Sr、Yb的喜马拉雅型,贫Sr富Yb的浙闽型,非常贫Sr富Yb的南岭型和富Sr、Yb的广西型。广西型花岗岩在自然界出露较少,主要由花岗闪长岩、角闪黑云母花岗岩、二长花岗岩和石英正长岩等组成,通常还富Al、Fe、K和P,SiO₂含量较低,属于钾玄岩系列或高钾钙碱性系列。富Sr指示源区残留相缺少斜长石,富Yb暗示源区缺少石榴石。既无斜长石也无石榴石的岩石则主要由角闪石±辉石组成,属于超镁铁岩类。因此,广西型花岗岩形成的条件比较苛刻,至少需要很高的温度。在相图中广西型花岗岩位于斜长石消失线之上、石榴石出现之前的区域,形成的压力大体<1.0 GPa,温度至少>900℃。它代表正常厚度或减薄的地壳在很高的温度下形成的花岗岩类。     

广西钦甲花岗岩体岩石地球化学特征及成因研究

华南地区加里东期花岗岩远不如燕山期那么发育,位于广西西南部的钦甲岩体是较为著名的加里东岩体之一。钦甲岩体位于扬子板块西南缘,属早古生代花岗岩体。本文在前期年代学研究的基础上对钦甲岩体的岩石地球化学特征进行了分析探讨,其SiO2含量为65.94%~72.23%,全碱含量(K2O+Na2O)为6.27%~9.11%,K2O的含量普遍大于Na2O,A/CNK值为1.02~1.24,属弱过铝质花岗岩类。岩石稀土元素含量偏低,变化范围为17.18×10-6~128.33×10-6,其配分曲线呈轻稀土富集并缓向右倾斜、重稀土较为平坦、具较明显的铕负异常。微量元素以富集大离子元素Rb、Th,亏损Ba、Sr为特征,其形成可能和扬子板块与华夏板块之间的汇聚挤压有关,其源岩主要由含少量泥质的砂质岩组成,并可能有具Ce负异常的沉积物参与部分熔融。     

粤西连阳复式岩体的地球化学特征及其成因研究

粤西连阳复式岩体由燕山早期连阳花岗岩岩体(锆石 U-Pb 年龄为144.3±0.8Ma)和燕山晚期白浆花岗岩岩体(锆石 U-Pb 年龄为106.4±0.7Ma)组成。这两个岩体在岩石化学上均富硅,属准铝质,并相对富钾。在微量元素组成上,连阳岩体和白浆岩体都强烈亏损 Ba、Sr 和 Ti,轻微亏损 Nb 和 Ta。两岩体的稀土元素特征类似,总量比较高,分别为187.6～300.6×10~(-6)和185.5～294.3×10~(-6),轻稀土富集,LREE/HREE 分别为4.17～9.28和4.13～7.08,(La/Yb)_N 分别为3.66～9.03和3.29～5.16,Eu 明显亏损,δEu 值分别为0.04～0.53和0.04～0.16。连阳岩体的ε_(Nd)(t)为-9.1～-7.6,白浆岩体的ε_(Nd)(t)为-9.8～-7.8,两者具有相似的 Nd 同位素组成。钕模式年龄分别为1.56～1.68Ga 和1.54～1.71Ga。研究表明,连阳复式岩体燕山期花岗岩形成于地壳剪切-拉张的构造背景下,是中元古地壳部分熔融的产物。     

新疆西准噶尔庙尔沟岩体的地球化学及年代学研究

新疆西准噶尔庙尔沟岩体侵入于早中石炭世海相火山-沉积建造中,主体由碱长花岗岩组成,局部分布有紫苏花岗岩和碱长花岗岩脉。碱长花岗岩及岩脉高硅、富碱、贫钙,里特曼指数(δ)=2.17~2.98,A/CNK=0.96~1.03,A/NK=1.08~1.13,为准铝质-弱过铝质高钾钙碱性花岗岩,其富集LILEs(Rb、U、K、Th),相对亏损HFSEs(Nb、Ta、P、Ti)和Ba、Sr等,以及强烈Eu负异常,过渡族地幔相容元素Cr、Ni含量低,U、Th、Pb等地壳富集元素含量较高。Sr、Nd同位素组成:(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.70370~0.70541,εNd(t)=+4.10~+6.79,tDM=0.57~0.99Ga。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年研究获得锆石U-Pb年龄为309±1.4Ma,表明岩体碱长花岗岩的形成时代为晚石炭世。紫苏花岗岩的SiO 2含量为60.88%~62.06%,Al2O3含量为15.50%~15.72%,里特曼指数(δ)=2.59~2.77,A/CNK=0.86~0.88,A/NK=1.50~1.53,为准铝质钙碱性-高钾钙碱性过渡的花岗岩,相对富集LREE(Rb、U、K、Th),而亏损HREE(Nb、Ta、P、Ti)和Sr,以及较显著的Eu负异常,过渡族地幔相容元素Cr、Ni含量低,U、Th、Pb等地壳富集元素含量较高。Sr、Nd同位素组成:(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.70382~0.70388,εNd(t)=+6.67~+6.98,tDM=0.59~0.62Ga。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年研究获得锆石U-Pb年龄为302.1±2.1Ma,表明岩体紫苏花岗岩的形成时代为晚石炭世。综合庙尔沟岩体的地质特征、地球化学特征、年代学和区域地质背景,认为庙尔沟岩体碱长花岗岩及岩脉为A2型花岗岩,紫苏花岗岩具有A型花岗岩的地球化学性质,且它们是可能来自同一个岩浆源区,属于西准噶尔后碰撞阶段的岩浆活动产物。     

Geochemistry and tectonic setting of mafic rocks from the Othris Ophiolite,Greece

We present new geochemical analyses of minerals and whole rocks for a suite of mafic rocks from the crustal section of the Othris Ophiolite in central Greece. The mafic rocks form three chemically distinct groups. Group 1 is characterized by N-MORB-type basalt and basaltic andesite with Na- and Ti-rich clinopyroxenes. These rocks show mild LREE depletion and no HFSE anomalies, consistent with moderate degrees (~15%) of anhydrous partial melting of depleted mantle followed by 30–50% crystal fractionation. Group 2 is represented by E-MORB-type basalt with clinopyroxenes with higher Ti contents than Group 1 basalts. Group 2 basalts also have higher concentrations of incompatible trace elements with slightly lower HREE contents than Group 1 basalts. These chemical features can be explained by ~10% partial melting of an enriched mantle source. Group 3 includes high MgO cumulates with Na- and Ti-poor clinopyroxene, forsteritic olivine, and Cr-rich spinel. The cumulates show strong depletion of HFSE, low HREE contents, and LREE enrichments. These rocks may have formed by olivine accumulation from boninitic magmas. The petrogenesis of the N-MORB-type basalts and basaltic andesites is in excellent agreement with the melting conditions inferred from the MOR-type peridotites in Othris. The occurrence of both N- and E-MORB-type lavas suggests that the mantle generating the lavas of the Othris Ophiolite must have been heterogeneous on a comparatively fine scale. Furthermore, the inferred parental magmas of the SSZ-type cumulates are broadly complementary to the SSZ-type peridotites found in Othris. These results suggest that the crustal section may be genetically related to the mantle section. In the Othris Ophiolite mafic rocks recording magmatic processes characteristic both of mid-ocean ridges and subduction zones occur within close spatial association. These observations are consistent with the formation of the Othris Ophiolite in the upper plate of a newly created intra-oceanic subduction zone. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Development of perthite microstructures in the Storm King granite,N.Y.

The Storm King granite at Bear Mountain, New York contains coarse alkali feldspar mesoperthite. The microstructure of these perthites grades continuously from lamellae to isolated blebs. The K rich phase in all samples has a nerely constant composition (Õr₉₇Ab₃), but the Na-rich phase ranges from An_3.8 (lamellae) to An₂₁ (blebs). It is suggested that the more calcium-rich feldspars exsolved at a higher temperature and thus experienced a longer time at higher temperature, during which the microstructure became more bleby or spherical in response to minimization of the interfacial energy. Lack of perfect correlation of the microstructure with bulk composition, as well as variation in the Al/Si ordering, may be due to additional factors, of which water activity or concentration is the most likely.     

Geochemistry of A-type granites in the Huangshaping polymetallic deposit (South Hunan,China): Implications for granite evolution and associated mineralization

The Huangshaping granites in Hunan Province, South China were investigated for their geochemical characteristics. Three types of granites have been petrographically identified: quartz porphyry, granophyre, and granite porphyry. Whole rock geochemistry suggests that the Huangshaping granites, especially the granite porphyry, exhibit typical A-type granite characteristics with their enrichment in Si, Rb, U, Th, and Nb and significant depletion in Ba, Sr, Ti, Eu, and P. Based on the Al, Y and Zr contents as well as the REE patterns of the rocks investigated, the quartz porphyry and the granophyre are classified as A₁ type alkaline granites whereas the granite porphyry is considered as A₂ type aluminous granite. Whole rock and quartz/feldspar O isotope data yields a wide range of δ¹⁸O_SMOW values (11.09–26.32‰). The granites are characterized by high radiogenic Pb isotopic composition. The present-day whole rock Pb isotopic ratios are ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 18.706–19.155, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.616–15.711 and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 38.734–39.296. Combining the O–Pb isotope compositions with major, trace and REE geochemistry and regional geology characteristics, the Huangshaping granites were determined to resemble within-plate granites that were mainly derived from a felsic infracrustal source related to continental extension. The magma source of the quartz porphyry and the granophyre may have been generated from deeper depths, and then ascended rapidly with limited water content and low oxygen fugacity, which contributed to Cu, Pb and Zn mineralization. On the other hand, the magma that generated the granite porphyry may have ascended relatively slower and experienced pronounced crystal fractionation, upper-crustal basement rock contamination (assimilation) and wall–rock interaction, producing the Sn- and W-rich granite porphyry. This study reveals the crustal extension process and associated magmatic–metallogenic activities during 180–150 Ma in South Hunan.     

新疆阿尔泰别也萨麻斯矿区奥陶纪花岗岩岩石地球化学特征及其地质意义

新疆阿尔泰别也萨麻斯锂铌钽矿区广泛分布着二云母二长花岗岩,是矿化伟晶岩脉群的直接围岩。该岩体是北阿尔泰至今唯一识别出的奥陶纪花岗岩体。本文对别也萨麻斯矿区二云母二长花岗岩进行了全岩主微量以及Nd同位素分析,结果表明,岩体具有以下成分特征：富硅（SiO2=72. 93%~73. 14%）和铝（Al2O3=14. 60%~14. 82%）,相对富钾（K2O/Na2O=1. 17~1. 27）,全碱含量中等（Na2O+K2O=7. 96%~8. 30%）,铝饱和指数A/CNK值高（1. 21~1. 28）,属于高钾钙碱性强过铝质花岗岩;富集轻稀土元素、亏损高场强元素（Zr、Hf、特别是Ti）、LaN/YbN值低（6. 70~9. 28）,具明显的铕负异常（δEu=0. 43~0. 47）;具有负的εNd(t)值（-4. 2~-2. 9）,Nd模式年龄值在1. 42~1. 52 Ga。以上特征表明别也萨麻斯二云母二长花岗岩属于高分异I型花岗岩,其原始岩浆主要来源于古老地壳的部分熔融,并混入了部分新生地壳物质组分。别也萨麻斯二云母二长花岗岩形成于初始的陆缘弧环境,与中阿尔泰、南阿尔泰识别出的奥陶纪岩体形成的构造背景一致。别也萨麻斯稀有金属成矿不是发生在奥陶纪的陆缘弧环境下,结合区域资料,奥陶纪陆缘弧环境不是新疆阿尔泰稀有金属矿化发生的有利环境。     

Geochemistry of the Othris Ophiolite, Greece: Evidence for Refertilization?

The Othris peridotite massif, Greece, shows conflicting evidencefor a mid-ocean ridge and supra-subduction zone tectonic settingwith the presence of plagioclase peridotite that may representan area of either incomplete melt extraction, or melt impregnationand accumulation. To address these problems we focus on a 3km continuous section in the Fournos Kaïtsa area, consistingof layers of harzburgite, plagioclase harzburgite and plagioclaselherzolite with accurately known structural and petrographiccontrol. Refractory, Cr-rich spinel compositions and light rareearth element depleted clinopyroxenes in the harzburgites areconsistent with     

新疆天格尔地区碱长花岗岩的地球化学、年代学及其地质意义

新疆天格尔地区的碱长花岗岩出露于中天山与北天山构造带的结合部位,主要由石英和条纹长石组成,含少量斜长石和黑云母。对该岩体进行了全岩主量、微量元素分析和锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年。主量和微量元素分析结果表明,岩石具有高的SiO₂、K₂O＋Na₂O（K₂O＞Na₂O）、Rb、Th、U和∑REE（除Eu外）含量,低的CaO、TiO₂、Ba、Sr、P和Eu含量,属于富钾钙碱性花岗岩,具有向A型花岗岩过渡的后碰撞富钾钙碱性花岗岩的特征,形成于天山后碰撞由挤压向拉张构造体制转变的过渡时期。锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年研究获得269.7±0.7Ma的岩体侵位年龄,表明北天山古洋盆于晚石炭世闭合,天山与准噶尔、塔里木联结成统一的大陆后,石炭纪末期-中二叠世天山造山带处于挤压向拉张构造体制转变的过渡时期,在中天山北缘以发生大规模右行走滑剪切为标志,形成冰达坂韧性剪切带,同时发生强烈的韧性剪切成岩成矿作用,形成天格尔金矿带及其中的诸多金矿床和矿点,并引起壳、幔物质部分重熔产生岩浆、沿中天山与北天山间的地壳薄弱地带侵位。     

Geochemistry of the Baishitouquan Amazonite—and Topaz—bearing Granite in the Mid—Tianshan Belt,Xinjiang,China

The Baishitouquan amazonite and topaz-bearing granite is one of the typical high-rubidium and high-fluorine granites in the eastern part of the Mid-Tianshan belt. This intrusion is in sharp contact with Mid-Proterozoic schists, gneisses and marbles, and is composed of four zones transitional from the bottom upwards: leucogranite, amazonite granite, topaz-bearing amazonite granite and topaz quartz albitite. The Baishitouquan granite contains highly ordered K-feldspar, Li-rich mica, Mn-rich garnet, α-quartz and low temperature zircon and is chemically high in Si, K, Na, Al, Li, Rb, Cs and F, and low in Ti, Fe, Ca, Mg, P, Co, Ni, Cr, V, Sr and Ba, with Na₂O<K₂O. Amazonite from the amazonite granite zone contains 1867 ppm Rb. The F contents of bulk rocks are 3040 and 4597 for the amazonite granite and topaz-bearing amazonite granite zones, respectively. These two zones have δ¹⁸O values of 8.97–9.85‰ (SMOW) and show flat REE distribution patterns with strong Eu depletion. K-Ar and Rb-Sr ages of this intrusion are 226. 6 Ma and 209. 6 Ma respectively, with an initial⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio of 0.987±0.213. The Baishitouquan granite is the product of crystallization of a low temperature, and water, rubidium and fluorine-rich magma, which may have been derived from partial melting of muscovite-rich crustal rocks. Consolidation of this granite involved two contrasting and successive stages: melt crystallization and hydrothermal metasomatism and precipitation. Various geological features of this granite were formed during the transition from the magmatic to the hydrothermal stage.     

Geochemistry, tectonic setting and metamorphism of mid-triassic volcanic rocks of Greece

Mid-Triassic volcanic rocks are preserved in about eight localities in the nappes of the external Hellenides, and are also widespread in the Pelagonian zone of central Greece. Most have suffered low-grade metamorphism. Immobile trace elements from 35 samples, 80 major element analyses, and pyroxene analyses show that these rocks are the product of an eastward dipping subduction zone. The subducted ocean was perhaps analogous to the Pennine zone of the Alps. The Othris and Pindos ophiolites are probably contemporaneous products of related back-arc extension.Metamorphic mineral assemblages in volcanic rocks of the Phyllite Series of the external Hellenides indicate high-pressure, low-temperature conditions, probably related to a second subduction that occurred prior to the main phase of Hellenide nappe emplacement in the Miocene.     

Geochemistry and petrogenesis of a peralkaline granite complex from the Midian Mountains, Saudi Arabia

A zoned intrusion with a biotite granodiorite core and arfvedsonite granite rim represents the source magma for an albitised granite plug near its eastern margin and radioactive siliceous veins along its western margin. A study of selected REE and trace elements of samples from this complex reveals that the albitised granite plug has at least a tenfold enrichment in Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Y, Th, U and Sr, and a greatly enhanced heavy/light REE ratio compared with the peralkaline granite. The siliceous veins have even stronger enrichment of these trace elements, but a heavy/light REE ratio and negative eu anomaly similar to the peralkaline granite. It is suggested that the veins were formed from acidic volatile activity and the plug from a combination of highly fractionated magma and co-existing alkaline volatile phase. The granodiorite core intrudes the peralkaline granite and has similar trace element geochemistry. The peralkaline granite is probably derived from the partial melting of the lower crust in the presence of halide-rich volatiles, and the granodiorite from further partial melting under volatile-free conditions.     

云南澜沧老厂隐伏花岗斑岩体地球化学特征及构造环境

详细阐述了老厂隐伏花岗斑岩的地球化学特征,利用图解判别了其形成的构造环境,并初步探讨其成因机制。老厂花岗斑岩SiO2含量(68.09%~73.48%)与中国花岗岩平均值基本相当,富碱(Na2O+K2O为7.73%~8.51%),富钾(K2O/Na2O为1.85~25.8),属酸性偏铝质高钾钙碱性系列岩浆岩。轻稀土元素中等富集,重稀土元素相对亏损,(La/Yb)N=12.01~24.85,δEu=0.79~0.99(为弱负异常),稀土元素分布曲线为平滑的右倾曲线。通过花岗斑岩地球化学特征、图解判别、锆石标型特征等的综合研究,认为老厂隐伏花岗斑岩体是以壳源为主的壳幔源混合成因花岗斑岩,形成于青藏高原新生代碰撞造山主碰撞阶段区域挤压机制下的主碰撞构造环境。碰撞激发深部地幔局部熔融,使熔融体沿穿透性构造发育的早期裂谷带轴部上涌,成为构造-岩浆-热事件的主要驱动力;地幔物质涌入,向下地壳注入新生物质,诱发下地壳物质熔融,形成壳幔混合源富钾含矿岩浆。     

湖南茶陵邓阜仙花岗岩中“眼球”状析出物地球化学特征及成因

湖南茶陵邓阜仙岩体燕山期细粒二云母花岗岩(γⅡ)中分布大量"眼球"状析出物,单个"眼球"大小约1~3 cm,其分布呈单个的"眼球"独立产出,或由大量"眼球"连成条带,延伸可达几米至数十米。"眼球"状析出物具有明显的成分分带,核部"黑眼珠"富含黑云母(大部分蚀变为绿泥石),边部"白眼仁"富含石英;"眼球"与花岗岩围岩(γⅡ)界线清楚截然,具有流动构造,可能是岩浆液态分异的结果。南岭主要钨矿成矿花岗岩具有高分异演化特征,同时发生液态分异作用。对比邓阜仙"眼球"及附近二云母花岗岩∑REE为97.83×10-6~219.37×10-6,LREE/HREE为10.41~15.29,稀土元素配分曲线呈右倾的"V"字形,不具有四分组效应,δEu负异常不明显,指示其演化程度不高,由此认为南岭岩浆液态分异作用主要发生在高分异演化的碱长花岗岩阶段,但在岩浆演化至二云母花岗岩阶段就已经开始,甚至可能发生的更早。岩浆液态分异作用使"眼球"中挥发分元素Li、F含量升高,成矿元素Cu、Pb、Zn等富集,岩浆液态分异制约着元素的迁入迁出,促进了挥发分元素以及成矿元素的富集,对矿化的形成也有一定制约作用。     

西准噶尔乌尔喀什尔山库鲁木苏序列A型花岗岩地球化学特征及地质意义

西准噶尔乃至整个北疆地区广泛发育晚古生代后碰撞花岗岩类。作为其中的一部分,乌尔喀什尔山一带库鲁木苏岩基中的库鲁木苏序列主要由二长花岗岩、细粒正长花岗岩、中粗粒正长花岗岩、碱长花岗岩和碱长花岗斑岩组成。该序列富硅(Si O2=70.78%~76.85%)、富碱(K2O+Na2O=7.87%~9.71%)、低钛(Ti O2=0.08%~0.41%)、贫钙(Ca O=0.16%~1.42%),为准铝质至强过铝质(ACNK=0.98~1.15);稀土元素配分曲线为典型的"V"字型,具有明显的负Eu异常;微量元素特征显示富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Th、K)及高场强元素(Zr、Hf),而强烈亏损Ba、Sr、P、Eu和Ti。以上特征表明库鲁木苏序列为A2型花岗岩,结合区域构造演化,认为库鲁木苏序列形成于后碰撞环境。