西藏冈底斯中新世斑岩铜矿带：埃达克质斑岩成因与构造控制

作为贱金属主要来源的斑岩铜矿床，大多数产出于大陆边缘和岛弧环境。普遍认为，被俯冲洋壳板片释放流体交代的地幔楔部分熔融形成的玄武质岩浆，在相对封闭系统结晶分异和／或同化混染形成含铜长英质岩浆。然而，我们的研究表明，在西藏碰撞造山带，发育一条具有巨大成矿潜力的中新世斑岩铜矿带，含铜斑岩具有埃达克岩地球化学特性，来源于被加厚的藏南镁铁质下地壳，但俯冲的新特提斯洋壳板片部分熔融也不能完全被排除。斑岩铜矿形成于陆-陆后碰撞伸展时期(13～18Ma)，即青藏高原迅速抬升之后。横切碰撞造山带的南北向正断层系统，类似于岛弧环境下的横切弧的断层系统，成为埃达克质斑岩岩浆快速上升和就位的通道与场所，并使岩浆热液系统中大量的含矿流体充分地分离而成矿。     

碰撞造山型斑岩铜矿蚀变分带模式--以西藏冈底斯斑岩铜矿带为例

岛弧环境斑岩铜矿蚀变分带模式已为人们所熟知 ,但碰撞造山环境的斑岩铜矿蚀变分带特征尚不清楚。对此 ,文中以西藏冈底斯斑岩铜矿带为例 ,选择驱龙、冲江、厅宫 3个典型斑岩铜矿 ,对其蚀变系统进行了系统研究。依据蚀变矿物组合可分为 3个蚀变带 ,呈环带状分布。从中心向外依次为钾硅酸盐化带、石英绢云母化带、青磐岩化带。泥化带不太发育 ,通常叠加在其它蚀变带之上。钾硅酸盐化带主要蚀变矿物为钾长石、黑云母、石英、硬石膏 ,伴有大量的黄铜矿与辉钼矿 ,是成矿物质的主要堆积区。石英绢云母化带与钾硅酸盐化带渐变过渡或叠加其上 ,是次于钾硅酸盐化带的储矿部位。蚀变矿物组合为绢云母 +石英 +钾长石 ,金属硫化物有黄铁矿、黄铜矿、辉钼矿、斑铜矿 ,少量的方铅矿、闪锌矿。主要的辉钼矿以石英 +辉钼矿脉的形式出现于本矿带。青磐岩化在斑岩体内不发育 ,矿化极微弱。蚀变岩石组分分析表明 ,岩石蚀变及其分带是岩浆流体 /岩石反应时K ,Na ,Ca ,Mg等组分迁移的结果 ,矿化伴随着蚀变发生。钾硅酸盐化带、石英绢云母化带和青磐岩化带的蚀变岩石与未 (弱 )蚀变斑岩具有一致的稀土配分模式 ,REE含量有规律地变化 ,说明蚀变岩石均经历了源于岩浆的流体的交代 ,不同的蚀变形成于岩浆流体演化的不同阶段。蚀?     

冈底斯斑岩铜矿成矿带有望成为西藏第二条“玉龙”铜矿带

斑岩型铜矿的产出环境至少有两种：岩浆弧环境和碰撞造山带环境。前者以环太平洋斑岩铜矿带为代表，如产于安第斯大陆边缘弧的斑岩铜矿带［１］，主要发育于晚中新世安第斯构造旋回，受平行弧展布的走滑断裂和ＮＷ向基底构造控制［２］。后者以产于喜马拉雅－西藏造山带的玉龙斑岩铜矿带为代表，形成于印度－亚洲大陆大规模碰撞（５０～５５Ｍａ）之后，受高原东缘的ＮＷ向大规模走滑断裂系统控制［３］。最近，笔者的调查研究和地勘部门的矿产勘查揭示：沿西藏高原腹地冈底斯火山－岩浆弧，发育一条东西长约４００ｋｍ，南北宽近５０ｋｍ的…     

西藏冈底斯带斑岩铜矿勘查的现状、走向和相关建议

西藏冈底斯带具有斑岩型铜矿产出的有利地质条件,已有厅宫、冲江、白容、岗讲、甲马、驱龙等铜矿床,可望成为我国重要的斑岩铜矿接替基地.文章在分析该带斑岩铜矿勘查现状的基础上,探讨影响斑岩铜矿勘查开发未来走向的主要因素,认为有必要进一步加强冈底斯带斑岩型铜矿的勘查工作,并提出了相关建议.     

西藏冈底斯巨型斑岩铜矿带勘查研究最新进展

冈底斯斑岩铜矿带是近年来中国在世界三大斑岩铜矿带之一的喜马拉雅—特提斯成矿域中铜矿找矿取得重大突破的斑岩成矿带。驱龙等大—超大型斑岩铜矿床的发现与评价,标志着一个超千万吨级的斑岩铜矿勘查开发基地已经初步形成。笔者在重点介绍近年来驱龙、朱诺、冲江、吉如等斑岩铜矿最新找矿成果的基础上,对该带控岩控矿构造、含矿斑岩及其源区特征、成矿规律、成矿系列、成矿时代等主要理论研究成果进行了归纳与总结,并对其勘查和研究工作中存在的不足以及今后的努力方向提出了建议。     

理论预测与科学找矿--以西藏冈底斯斑岩铜矿为例

近年来在西藏冈底斯构造成矿带发现了多个以斑岩铜矿为主的大型和超大型矿床,这些矿床均形成于青藏高原板内隆升过程,主要成矿年龄为17～15 Ma,其矿床类型、矿床规模、成矿部位和成矿时代与作者10 a前的理论预测结果基本吻合.突破板块碰撞造山和板块碰撞成矿模式,按大陆动力学和成矿动力学的新思路,认为冈底斯斑岩铜矿形成于特提斯开合转换、板块碰撞造陆之后的晚新生代构造隆升、下地壳层流、板内造山、地壳增厚、热隆伸展的动力改造成矿过程.加强基础地质研究、倡导创新科学思维、发展地质与成矿理论对于中国西部的找矿勘探具有十分重要的作用.     

西藏冈底斯斑岩铜矿带埃达克质斑岩含矿性：源岩相变及深部过程约束

西藏冈底斯斑岩铜钼成矿系统(13.6～16 .9Ma)发育在印_亚大陆后碰撞地壳伸展环境。成矿前斑岩成岩年龄≥17Ma ,以花岗闪长斑岩为主,成矿期斑岩形成于14 .5～17.6Ma之间,以二长花岗斑岩和石英二长斑岩为主,成矿后斑岩为花岗斑岩,其成岩年龄为11.2Ma。3期斑岩均为高钾钙碱性或钾玄岩系列,地球化学上类似于玄武质下地壳部分熔融产生的埃达克质岩。成矿前斑岩具有最低的ΣREE(2 7×10 -6～4 5×10 -6)、wY(2 .9×10 -6～3.4×10 -6)和wSm/wYb(3.0～4 .9) ,最高的wZr/wSm值(5 0～118) ;成矿后斑岩具有最高的ΣREE (12 2×10 -6～197×10 -6)和wY(8.2×10 -6) ,中等的wSm/wYb(5 .9～6 .2 )和wZr/wSm值(34～4 4 ) ;成矿期斑岩总体处于两者之间,其Sr_Nd同位素组成与CordilleraBlanca埃达克质花岗岩类似。研究提出,来自深部的软流圈物质或亏损地幔物质与下地壳物质交换,不仅导致冈底斯加厚、下地壳熔融,而且提供了巨量金属供应。部分熔融首先从下地壳底部开始,逐渐向上部迁移。下地壳石榴石角闪岩部分熔融过程中,残留相由角闪石向石榴石大规模转变导致角闪石的大量分解,释放出大量流体,是冈底斯斑岩含矿性的主导因素。     

西藏冈底斯斑岩铜矿带矿集区和矿田靶区定位预测

西藏冈底斯东段斑岩铜矿带的研究是目前的热点,靶区定位是矿产勘查需要解决的重要问题。应用区域化探数据,结合前人研究成果,研究了斑岩铜矿矿集区和矿田(或矿床)靶区地球化学预测方法。预测结果表明,矿集区靶区可以用SiO2、K2O和Na2O进行定位预测,矿田靶区用矿田指示元素定位预测效果较好;矿集区和矿田靶区模式特征及空间分布揭示板块俯冲、碰撞造山和壳幔分异是主要控制因素;预测驱龙矿集区是首选勘探重点。     

S、Pb同位素对冈底斯斑岩铜矿带成矿物质来源和造山带物质循环的指示

近年来发现青藏高原南部冈底斯岩浆弧中发育了一条潜力很大的斑岩型铜(钼、金)多金属成矿带。通过野外地质调查和岩石地球化学、S-Pb同位素示踪及Re-Os同位素定年研究,发现该带的铜多金属矿化与喜马拉雅晚期碰撞后地壳松弛阶段形成的晚造山花岗质斑岩体有关。本文资料显示,该带的含矿斑岩和矿石硫化物具有完全一致的S、Pb同位素组成。δ34S在-3.8‰～ 2.4‰之间,具幔源硫特征;206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb及208Pb/204Pb分别变化于18.106～18.752、15.501～15.638和37.394～39.058之间,富含放射成因铅,反映了物质来源上的同一性。空间上该铜矿带铅同位素具有明显的变化规律,由成矿带东段的地壳铅经中段的造山带铅向西段的地幔铅演化,在Pb构造模式图上构成很好的等时线,在源区端元图上清楚地落在印度洋MORB与印度洋沉积物两个端元之间。化学分析结果表明,这些斑岩体高度富集大离子不相容元素Rb、K、U、Th、Sr、Pb,强烈亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti和重稀土元素Yb,缺少Eu异常。     

西藏冈底斯斑岩铜矿带成矿流体的扫描电镜（能谱）约束

文章通过对碰撞造山型斑岩铜矿床———冈底斯斑岩铜矿带中的2个典型矿床(驱龙和厅宫)早期钾化石英脉中多相包裹体的扫描电镜/能谱研究,有效地弥补了以往研究中遗漏的成矿流体中有用组分信息,对成矿流体性质及成矿过程有了更为清晰的认识。扫描电镜/能谱研究表明,驱龙、厅宫矿床中多相包裹体中的子矿物,除常见的石盐及钾盐外,还含有重晶石、方解石、黄铜矿、钛铁矿及其他以Fe、Cu_Fe为主要元素的未知矿物。这些结果表明,成矿流体为富含Cu、Fe、Ti、Mn、S等成矿元素的高氧化态岩浆热液;黄铜矿、钛铁矿、重晶石等子矿物与石盐、钾盐子矿物共同产出,暗示直接从斑岩岩浆中出溶的高盐度流体是成矿物质组分搬运的主要载体。     

Origin of the Newly Discovered Zhunuo Porphyry Cu-Mo-Au Deposit in the Western Part of the Gangdese Porphyry Copper Belt in the Southern Tibetan Plateau, SW China

The newly discovered Zhunuo porphyry Cu-Mo-Au deposit is located in the western part of the Gangdese porphyry copper belt in southern Tibet, SW China. The granitoid plutons in the Zhunuo region are composed of quartz diorite porphyry, diorite porphyry, granodiorite porphyry, biotite monzogranite and quartz porphyry. The quartz diorite porphyry yielded zircon U-Pb ages of 51.9±0.7 Ma(Eocene) using LA-ICP-MS, whereas the diorite porphyry, granodiorite porphyry, biotite monzogranite and quartz porphyry yielded ages ranging from 16.2±0.2 to 14.0±0.2 Ma(Miocene). CuMo-Au mineralization is mainly hosted in the Miocene granodiorite porphyry. Samples from all granitoid plutons have geochemical compositions consistent with high-K calc-alkaline series magmatism. The samples display highly fractionated light rare-earth element(REE) distributions and heavy REE distributions with weakly negative Eu anomalies on chondrite-normalized REE patterns. The trace element distributions exhibit positive anomalies for large-ion lithophile elements(Rb, K, U, Th and Pb) and negative anomalies for high-field-strength elements(Nb and Ti) relative to primitive mantlenormalized values. The Eocene quartz diorite porphyry yielded εNd(t) values ranging from-3.6 to-5.2,(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)i values in the range 0.7046–0.7063 and initial radiogenic Pb isotopic compositions with ranges of 18.599–18.657 ~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb, 15.642–15.673 ~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb and 38.956–39.199 ~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb. In contrast, the Miocene granitoid plutons yielded ε_(Nd)(t) values ranging from-6.1 to-7.3 and(87Sr/86Sr)i values in the range 0.7071–0.7078 with similar Pb isotopic compositions to the Eocene quart diorite. The Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions of the rocks are consistent with formation from magma containing a component of remelted ancient crust. Zircon grains from the Eocene quartz diorite have ε_(Hf)(t) values ranging from-5.2 to +0.9 and two-stage Hf model ages ranging from 1.07 to 1.46 Ga, while zircon grains from the Miocene granitoid plutons have ε_(Hf)(t) values from-9.9 to +4.2 and two-stage Hf model ages ranging from 1.05–1.73 Ga, indicating that the ancient crustal component likely derives from Paleo- to Mesoproterozoic basement. This source is distinct from that of most porphyry Cu-Mo-Au deposits in the eastern part of the Gangdese porphyry copper belt, which likely originated from juvenile crust. We therefore consider melting of ancient crustal basement to have contributed significantly to the formation Miocene porphyry Cu-Mo-Au deposits in the western part of the Gangdese porphyry copper belt.     

冈底斯铜矿带含矿斑岩的40Ar/39Ar年龄及地质意义

青藏高原南部冈底斯斑岩铜矿带的含矿斑岩具有埃达克岩的本质特征,是由俯冲到深部的新特提斯洋壳在榴辉岩相条件下部分熔融形成的.本文用冲江和拉抗俄两个矿区含矿斑岩的黑云母和斜长石斑晶测定了它们的40Ar/39Ar年龄,结果表明两个矿区虽然相隔百余千米,但形成时间非常一致.两个黑云母斑晶的坪年龄分别为13.5±1.0 Ma和13.42±0.10 Ma;两个斜长石斑晶分别给出了12.22±0.05 Ma和12.5±1.3 Ma的坪年龄.考虑到斜长石和黑云母对40Ar/39Ar系统较低的封闭温度,这些结果与辉钼矿给出的斑岩铜矿的Re-Os等时线成矿年龄(14 Ma±)是一致的.根据含矿斑岩的产出位置和形成时间推测,印度板块沿雅鲁藏布江缝合带可能以高角度向亚洲大陆下俯冲进入岩石圈地幔.含矿斑岩和矿(化)带近EW向产出指示着斑岩岩浆上升侵位和铜矿化过程与高原达到最大高度的隆升过程是同步的.在此之后,高原的应力体制转变为Ew向伸展,在重力作用下形成了一系列SN向塌陷构造-裂谷和正断层.     

西藏玉龙斑岩铜矿带南段日曲花岗闪长斑岩成因:锆石U-Pb年代学和地球化学约束

为探讨西藏玉龙斑岩铜矿带南段斑岩的成因及其动力学机制,对该铜矿带南段日曲岩体开展了岩石学、同位素年代学和地球化学研究。结果显示,两件花岗闪长斑岩锆石U-Pb年龄分别为(38.2±0.2)Ma、(38.8±0.2)Ma,为喜马拉雅早期;花岗闪长斑岩富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,属弱过铝质高钾钙碱性花岗岩;斑岩具有C型埃达克岩的地球化学特征,为加厚下地壳部分熔融的产物,未经明显的地壳混染;源区残留相主要由角闪石、石榴子石、金红石组成,并经历了较弱的壳幔混合作用。研究表明,日曲岩体的形成与印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞诱发妥坝-芒康左行走滑断裂活动有关,下地壳部分熔融及少量幔源物质的混入使斑岩具有壳幔混合的特征。     

冈底斯斑岩铜矿带东段早中新世剥蚀作用及对渐新世—中新世斑岩矿床时空分布的影响

冈底斯渐新世—中新世斑岩铜矿带是特提斯成矿域重要组成部分,已经发现了多处超大型-大型斑岩-矽卡岩型铜-钼-金矿床。然而,渐新世以来铜矿带所处的青藏高原经历了强烈抬升与剥蚀作用,在此背景下带内矿床是如何保存下来的尚未清楚,带内剥蚀作用的发育特征及对渐新世—中新世斑岩矿床的分布影响如何,控制机制有待解决。笔者通过泽当以北40km处冈底斯弧内部垂直剖面锆石和磷灰石（U-Th）/He定年,发现成矿带内部发育了早中新世（17.3～15.1 Ma）快速剥蚀作用,期间平均剥蚀速率＞1.82 km/Ma,剥蚀量为4.0 km,而后剥蚀速率降低至0.14～0.19 km/Ma,15.1 Ma至今剥蚀量~2.5 km。结合前人数据,笔者发现成矿带内早中新世强快速剥蚀区呈东—西向带状分布,且受谢通门-沃卡剪切带向南逆冲作用控制,其南、北两侧也发育同期剥蚀作用,强度明显低于剪切带活动区域,说明高原内部中新世以来的隆升与剥蚀作用具有差异性。冈底斯带渐、中新世斑岩矿床分别分布在早中新世强剥蚀区南、北两侧弱剥蚀区内,指示差异剥蚀作用是成矿带内已发现的渐新世—中新世矿床时空分布的重要影响因素。     

Regional Exploration Targeting Model for Gangdese Porphyry Copper Deposits

An exploration targeting model for Gangdese porphyry copper deposit in Tibet, China, is constructed based on (i) the age of porphyry intrusions within Gangdese magmatic arc; (ii) the regional‐scale normal E–W, N–S and N–E striking faults; and (iii) comprehensive anomalously high concentrations of Cu‐Mo‐Au‐Ag‐Pb‐Zn. These targeting elements are derived from geological map and geochemical dataset, and are integrated by weights of evidence with the aid of geographic information system (GIS). The resulting prospectivity for porphyry copper deposits delineated by posterior probability demonstrates that the target areas extend along the Yaluzangbujiang River and contain the two large deposits, Qulong and Chongjiang, located in the eastern and central part of the Gangdese belt, respectively. These results indicate that the proposed exploration targeting model is a potential tool to map regional‐scale mineral prospectivity. The target areas with high values of favorability, especially where high concentrations of Cu‐Mo‐Au‐Ag‐Pb‐Zn are present, are the potential areas for finding undiscovered porphyry copper deposits.     

Geology,Fluid Inclusion,and Sulfur Isotope Studies of the Chehugou Porphyry Molybdenum–Copper Deposit,Xilamulun Metallogenic Belt,NE China

The Chehugou Mo–Cu deposit, located 56 km west of Chifeng, NE China, is hosted by Triassic granite porphyry. Molybdenite–chalcopyrite mineralization of the deposit mainly occurs as veinlets in stockwork ore and dissemination in breccia ore, and two ore‐bearing quartz veins crop out to the south of the granite porphyry stock. Based on crosscutting relationships and mineral paragenesis, three hydrothermal stages are identified: (i) quartz–pyrite–molybdenite ± chalcopyrite stage; (ii) pyrite–quartz ± sphalerite stage; and (iii) quartz–calcite ± pyrite ± fluorite stage. Three types of fluid inclusions in the stockwork and breccia ore are recognized: LV, two‐phase aqueous inclusions (liquid‐rich); LVS, three‐phase liquid, vapor, and salt daughter crystal inclusions; and VL, two‐phase aqueous inclusions (gas‐rich). LV and LVS fluid inclusions are recognized in vein ore. Microthermometric investigation of the three types of fluid inclusions in hydrothermal quartz from the stockwork, breccia, and vein ores shows salinities from 1.57 to 66.75 wt% NaCl equivalents, with homogenization temperatures varying from 114°C to 550°C. The temperature changed from 282–550°C, 220–318°C to 114–243°C from the first stage to the third stage. The homogenization temperatures and salinity of the LV, LVS and VL inclusions are 114–442°C and 1.57–14.25 wt% NaCl equivalent, 301–550°C and 31.01–66.75 wt% NaCl equivalent, 286–420°C and 4.65–11.1 wt% NaCl equivalent, respectively. The VL inclusions coexist with the LV and LVS, which homogenize at the similar temperature. The above evidence shows that fluid‐boiling occurred in the ore‐forming stage. δ³⁴S values of sulfide from three type ores change from ?0.61‰ to 0.86‰. These δ³⁴S values of sulfide are similar to δ³⁴S values of typical magmatic sulfide sulfur (c. 0‰), suggesting that ore‐forming materials are magmatic in origin.     

Geochronology and Geochemistry of the Mamupu Cu-Au Polymetallic Deposit, Eastern Tibet: Implications for Eocene Cu Metallogenesis in the Yulong Porphyry Copper Belt

The Mamupu skarn-type Cu-Au polymetallic deposit represents the first discovery of a medium deposit in the southern Yulong porphyry copper belt (YPCB), eastern Tibet. The Cu-Au mineralization mainly occurs as chalcopyrite in breccia, within the plate-like carbonate interlayer, being closely related to chloritization (e.g., chlorite, magnetite and epidote) and skarnization (e.g., diopside, tremolite and garnet). The ore-related quartz syenite porphyry (QSP) and granodiorite porphyry (GP) were emplaced at 40.1 ± 0.2 Ma and 39.9 ± 0.3 Ma, respectively. The QSP of Mamupu is an alkaline-rich intrusion, relatively enriched in LREE, LILE, depleted in HFSE, with no significant negative Eu and Ce anomalies, slightly high (87Sr/86Sr)i, low εNd(t), uniform (206Pb/204Pb)i and εHf(t) values, which indicates that the porphyry magma may be caused by both the mixing of metasomatized EM II enriched mantle and thickened juvenile lower crust. The QSP in the Mamupu deposit shares a similar genesis of petrology to other ore-related porphyries within the YPCB. High oxygen fugacity and water content of the magmas are essential for the formation of porphyry and skarn Cu deposits. The QSP has similar high magmatic oxidation states and water content to the Yulong deposit, which indicates that the Mamupu has a high prospecting potential. Differences in the geological characteristics and scale of mineralization between the Mamupu and other YPCB deposits may be due to the different emplacement depths of ore-related intrusions, as well as differences in the surrounding rocks.     

冈底斯朱诺地区中新世板内热隆伸展成矿

位于冈底斯构造成矿带中段西侧的朱诺地区具有良好的成矿前景,已发现有朱诺大型斑岩铜矿床和铁雅铁铜矿点。野外基础地质和矿床地质调查、构造分析和岩石化学的研究表明,朱诺斑岩铜矿床在构造上受近EW向和近SN向伸展断裂控制,时间上属于中新世青藏高原南部板内构造过程,含矿斑岩具有典型的埃达克质岩特征。朱诺及其所在的冈底斯构造成矿带在中新世处于板内构造环境,板内伸展构造—埃达克质岩—斑岩铜矿系统叠加在早期的俯冲—碰撞构造岩石组合之上。与埃达克质岩形成直接相关的下地壳流动导致冈底斯上地壳及下地壳显著加厚,发生部分熔融作用,下地壳物质可能源于地壳减薄的锡瓦利克盆地,流经喜马拉雅,穿过并改造了雅鲁藏布江缝合带中挤入地壳的洋壳地幔岩石,造成被混入洋壳地幔成分的冈底斯下地壳发生部分熔融,形成埃达克质岩浆,上升并顶托冈底斯上地壳,致使冈底斯上地壳先后发生近EW向和近SN向的伸展,在上地壳伸展扩容空间中含矿埃达克质岩浆沿伸展断裂上升、侵位,并富集成矿。     

中甸岛弧带构造格架及斑岩铜矿前景

中甸岛弧带属于中国西南三江构造-岩浆-成矿带中义敦岛弧的南端,其中有2条蛇绿混杂岩带存在,即EW向展布的洛吉蛇绿混杂岩带和近NS向分布的属都蛇绿混杂岩带.前者是中甸岛弧带与扬子地台的构造分界线,而后者则将岛弧带内的东、西两个火山岛弧带分开.西部岛弧带较早,活动时期为250~237 Ma;而东部岛弧带相对较晚,活动时期在218~203 Ma.从岛弧带活动时段(250~203 Ma)分析,属都蛇绿混杂岩带所对应的洋盆(属都洋)的活动时段当在250 Ma之前后,与甘孜理塘洋活动时段相近.属于峨眉山大火成岩省的一部分.2条蛇绿混杂岩带内的玄武岩的岩石学特征均表现为大洋拉斑玄武岩.中甸地区岛弧带内东、西两个斑岩带的斑岩型铜矿的找矿远景极大,尤以东斑岩带前景最佳,普朗斑岩铜矿床远景规模在大型以上.中甸斑岩铜矿将成为中国又一重要的斑岩铜(多金属)矿矿产地,具有极好的找矿前景.     

西藏雄村矿集区侏罗纪斑岩磷灰石矿物化学特征对新特提斯洋俯冲成矿作用的指示

雄村矿集区位于西藏冈底斯成矿带南缘,区内成矿作用与新特提斯洋俯冲作用有关,现已勘查评价了一个大型还原性斑岩铜金矿床(I号矿体)和一个大型氧化性斑岩型铜金矿床(Ⅱ号矿体)。为了查明引起I、Ⅱ号矿体成矿特征差异的原因和含矿斑岩的区别标志,本文选取I、Ⅱ号矿体含矿斑岩和非含矿斑岩中磷灰石为研究对象,通过对三套斑岩磷灰石单矿物的挑选、阴极发光照相(CL)和电子探针分析(EMPA),提出了磷灰石中Cl含量受控于共存硅酸盐熔体组分,I、Ⅱ号矿体含矿斑岩比非含矿斑岩具有更高的Cl/F(分别为0.76、0.26、0.07),高的Cl含量对促进Cu、Au的溶解和迁移具有重要作用的新认识;含矿斑岩磷灰石高Cl低S指示金属元素Cu、Au可能以Cl的络合物为主进行迁移([CuCl_2]~–、[CuCl]~0、[AuCl_2]~–);I、Ⅱ号矿体含矿斑岩氧逸度低于非含矿斑岩,含矿斑岩较低的氧逸度可能指示成矿过程可能发生了结晶硫化物相的预富集;雄村矿集区I、Ⅱ号矿体含矿斑岩磷灰石与非含矿斑岩相比具有更高的Mn、Ca、Cl含量,更低的Si、S、F含量,可以作为含矿斑岩的判别标志,对指导区域与新特提斯洋俯冲有关的斑岩型铜金矿床找矿突破有重要义。