基于引力场增强的SAR图像舰船检测方法研究

船只检测是实现船只航行安全的重要措施之一,利用SAR图像可实现船只检测。然而,传统的一些方法一般容易受到SAR图像斑噪的影响,在检测结果中产生大量的虚警。为解决这一问题,本文提出了一种基于引力场增强的舰船检测方法。该方法利用像素与其邻域内像素的相互作用可对目标像素增强的效应,有效地抑制了斑噪像素和背景像素的强度,凸显了目标。由于增强后的像素已经不满足对海面区域的均质性假设,因此直接使用恒虚警检测算法对图像进行全局检测并不能够得到很好的效果,据此本文引入了一个基于均质区域自适应分割的改进的K-CFAR检测算法,将图像分割为不同大小的一系列均质区域,并分别对各个均质区域使用一个改进的K-CFAR检测器对船只目标进行检测。最后,使用Radarsat-1数据和Envisat ASAR数据对本文算法进行了验证。实验表明,本文提出的方法能够有效地凸显弱目标,增加检测准确性,降低检测的虚警概率。     

Tsallis熵和改进CV模型的海面溢油SAR图像分割

为了解决海洋表面溢油监测中合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像分割精度不高的难题,提出一种基于Tsallis熵多阈值分割与改进CV(ChanVese)模型相结合的海面溢油图像分割方法。首先采用基于Tsallis熵的多阈值选取算法对海面溢油图像进行粗分割;然后分别将得到的溢油区域和溢油粗略轮廓作为CV模型的局部区域和初始轮廓,以降低CV模型的场景复杂度及其对初始条件的敏感性。CV模型仅考虑了图像各区域的均值信息而没有考虑图像的局部信息,尽管能够得到渐进型边界图像,但其分割结果存在误差。本文采用了加入移动因子的改进CV模型降低分割误差,提高收敛速度。实验结果表明,提出的海面溢油SAR图像分割方法具有分割边界定位准确、运行高效和无需设置初始条件等优点。     

噪声抑制的多极化SAR海冰图像分割

合成孔径雷达(SAR)海冰图像分割对全球气候研究和保证船舶航行安全具有重要意义。现有的基于区域的马尔可夫随机场(MRF)多极化SAR分割方法,由于受相干斑噪声影响,其区域划分不尽合理,不能有效完成分割。因此,提出一种噪声抑制的多极化SAR海冰图像分割算法,首先在极化总功率图上引入降低噪声的滤波算法,合理划分初始区域,其次考虑区域之间的差异度,从而实现多极化SAR海冰图像的准确分割。以RADARSAT-2和SIR-C获得的全极化海冰图像为实验数据进行验证,结果表明:和其他较先进算法相比,本文算法优势明显,既能高效保持图像连通性,又能增强图像的细节信息,具有更高的分割精度。     

多尺度分割优化的SAR变化检测

基于SAR图像的变化检测和尺度有较强的相关性,提出了一种联合变化前后的两幅SAR图像进行多尺度分割的方法,在分割的图斑基础上采用了交叉熵计算图斑之间的差异程度。根据多个尺度分割的斑块计算系列差异指数,采用多尺度优化的方法得到最佳差异指数,最终实现变化区域的提取。通过对SAR图像的实验处理,说明了在多尺度联合分割的基础上进行变化检测可以得到较好的检测效果。     

基于SAR图像的海洋溢油分割方法研究

目前,海洋溢油污染在发生频率、分布范围以及所带来的危害程度上均居海洋污染首位。它对沿海城市生态、环境、经济的可持续发展造成严重破坏,因此越来越受到全社会的广泛关注。从众多海洋溢油分割方法中选取边缘检测算子和种子填充算法对SAR图像进行分割。首先运用欧空局的BEST软件进行数据转换以及图像预处理,然后使用ENVI软件对图像进行滤波处理。再用ERDAS软件进行灰度均衡和分割算法的实施,并针对算法的一些缺陷,进一步加入纹理分析使图像中的油膜与类油膜以及海水与海浪等更好的区分开。最后对不同的图像效果进行总结和比较。     

Feature Extraction of Laser Scan Data Based on Geometric Properties

Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) is an important device to provide three-dimensional geometric information with respect to known reference coordinates system. The data from TLS are often called point clouds due to their high density. They are unstructured and do not have any explicit information about the object, except 3D positional and intensity information to each point. Data segmentation and feature extraction are fundamental problems in the point cloud processing step. These are important prerequisites for object recognition and environment understanding. This paper describes a methodology to use the geometrical information of the scanned object, such as a normal vector to extract and segment object edges. The edge based segmentation technique will be studied and improved. The proposed method is programmed and used to extract different region boundaries for two real TLS data, and the quality of the results shows the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

一种基于改进种子区域生长的农村房屋提取

利用遥感影像对房屋进行精确提取,可以为农村土地利用规划、居民点用地适宜性评价以及进一步开展居民点整治、快速提供基础地理空间数据等工作提供便利。以无人机影像为实验数据,本文利用一种基于改进的种子区域生长算法对房屋进行提取,该方法解决了传统算法的抗噪能力差以及需要事先确定种子数量和位置等问题。随后,运用阈值处理与数学形态学对分割结果进行进一步处理。实验结果表明,采用本文方法提取农村房屋精度较高。     

面向对象的无人机遥感影像岩溶湿地植被遥感识别

以广西桂林会仙喀斯特国家湿地公园为研究区,以无人机航摄影像为数据源,综合利用面向对象的影像分析技术、随机森林算法、阈值分类方法和Boruta全相关特征变量选择算法进行岩溶湿地植被的遥感识别。结果表明：针对不同特征变量对岩溶湿地遥感识别的贡献率而言,光谱特征（DOM > DSM） > 纹理特征（DOM > DSM） > 几何特征 > 上下文变量;两个航摄影像数据集的总体分类精度都在85%以上,Kappa系数也高于0.85。本文研究结果对基于高空间分辨率无人机可见光影像的岩溶湿地植被遥感识别在特征变量选择、分割参数选择及方法选择方面具有一定的借鉴意义。     

基于相拟性准则的SAR图像分割方法

提出一种以似然差函数作为相似性衡量标准的SAR图像分割方法。首先根据SAR图像的强度分布特性，通过仿真，发现两个具有相同分布的均匀区域合并成一个区域后，它们的似然差函数近似与区域的大小和均值无关，而仅与SAR图像的视数有关。在此基础上对两个相邻区域的似然差函数进行简化，获得它的概率密度函数的解析形式。选取一定的虚警率，计算出两个相邻区域之间存在边界的似然差函数的阈值。然后根据似然差函数和区域的形状的约束建立融合代价，使得所有可以融合的区域按照一定的顺序融合。当没有区域可以进一步融合时，就获得SAR图像的最终分割结果。     

Automatic Road Extraction from High Resolution Satellite Image using Adaptive Global Thresholding and Morphological Operations

Road network extraction from high resolution satellite images is one of the most important aspects. In the present paper, research experimentation is carried out in order to extract the roads from the high resolution satellite image using image segmentation methods. The segmentation technique is implemented using adaptive global thresholding and morphological operations. Global thresholding segments the image to fix the boundaries. To compute the appropriate threshold values several problems are also analyzed, for instance, the illumination conditions, the different type of pavement material, the presence of objects such as vegetation, vehicles, buildings etc. Image segmentation is performed using morphological approach implemented through dilation of similar boundaries and erosion of dissimilar and irrelevant boundaries decided on the basis of pixel characteristics. The roads are clearly identifiable in the final processed image, which is obtained by superimposing the segmented image over the original enhanced image. The experimental results proved that proposed approach can be used in reliable way for automatic detection of roads from high resolution satellite image. The results can be used in automated map preparation, detection of network in trajectory planning for unmanned aerial vehicles. It also has wide applications in navigation, computer vision as a predictor-corrector algorithm for estimating the road position to simulate dynamic process of road extraction. Although an expert can label road pixels from a given satellite image but this operation is prone to errors. Therefore, an automated system is required to detect the road network in a high resolution satellite image in a robust manner.     

图象分割中随机噪音的影响

该文在生成的灰度图象上加上随机噪音，用最大后验（ＭＡＰ）估计方法、模糊Ｃ－均值方法和Ｏｔｓｕ阈值方法进行了分割计算，对结果进行了对比分析，绘出了分割随噪音的标准差变化曲线，对噪音图象使用了不同的滤波方法处理之后，并进行计算。     

星载极化SAR数据模拟

介绍了自行开发的星载极化SAR数据计算机模拟系统，此系统采用的模拟方法遵循了星载极化SAR系统实际运行的情况，按发射脉冲时间序列，分别依次计算各发射脉冲相应的回波数据，与常用的以点目标为基础逐点模拟方法相比，计算效率高，现贴近实际系统，便于模拟各种误差的影响和保持其对所有目标回波影响的一致性和相关性。给出了星载极化SAR数据模拟的实例。     

Robust river boundaries extraction of dammed lakes in mountain areas after Wenchuan Earthquake from high resolution SAR images combining local connectivity and ACM

River boundaries extraction from SAR imagery is valuable for flood monitoring and damage assessment. Several rivers, parts of which include dammed lakes caused by landslides and rock avalanches triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, were taken as a case study for robust extraction. In this paper, a novel state-of-the-art approach for automated river boundaries extraction using high resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) intensity imagery is presented. The key of our approach lies in the combined usage of local connectivity feature of the river and a region-based active contours model (ACM) in a variational level set framework to differentiate between river and the background. First, sub-patched intensity thresholding segmentation is applied to SAR imagery. Pixels with intensities below the threshold are selected as potential river pixels while the others are potential background pixels. Second, potential river pixels are divided into several connected regions, considering that the river is a big connected region, only relatively bigger regions with similar contrast value are retained as the regions of interest (ROI) while others are noise due to pixel-level decision approach in the first step or shadows due to mountains terrain. Third, the ROI and their contours are regarded as local region and the initial contours to refine the river boundaries, which are used to reduce the scene complexity of ACM and its sensitivity to initial situation, respectively. A novel ACM driven by local image fitting (LIF) energy is presented and used for river boundaries extraction for the first time, which is not only robust against inhomogeneity widely spread in SAR imagery but also can work with efficiency without the need of re-initialization during iteration compared to traditional ACM. The proposed approach was tested on numerous high resolution airborne SAR images containing connected rivers or dammed lakes obtained by Chinese domestic radar system after Wenchuan Earthquake. For the overall dataset, the average commission error, omission error and root mean squared error were 6.5%, 3.3%, and 0.51, respectively. The average computational time for 4000 by 4000 image size was 21 min using a PC-based MATLAB platform. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach is robust and effective.     

侧扫声呐图像分割的中性集合与量子粒子群算法

针对现有的侧扫声呐图像分割方法存在分割准确率不高和效率偏低的问题,提出了一种基于中性集合和量子粒子群算法的侧扫声呐图像阈值分割方法。通过基于中性集合计算图像灰度共生矩阵,实现了侧扫声呐图像精细纹理的表达,提高了分割精度;基于二维最大熵理论,采用量子粒子群算法计算二维最优分割阈值向量,实现了分割阈值向量的快速准确获取,提高了分割效率和精度。最终实现了高噪声侧扫声呐图像目标的准确、高效分割。通过对含有不同目标的侧扫声呐图像的分割试验,验证了该算法的有效性。     

面向地学应用的遥感影像分割评价

影像分割是面向地理对象影像分析(GEOBIA)中的一个关键环节。分割评价有助于为影像选择合适的分割方法和最佳分割尺度。本文提出一种以遥感地学应用面向的对象为依据的分割方法分类及评价体系。首先将影像分割方法分为面向局部特征监测的典型目标识别和面向全局特征监测的面向GEOBIA的分割方法两组,进而针对这两组分割方法提出了两套分割评价测度指标及相应的综合评价方法。在面向典型目标识别的分割方法评价中,使用区域内部非均质度、区域间灰度对比度、区域间散度对比度、边界点梯度和单位像素运行时间作为评价测度,并针对由于评价测度间的相关性而无法直接确定各测度权重分配的问题,提出利用熵权法为各个评价测度分配权重以获得综合评价结果的分割评价方法,该评价方法可用于选择合适的分割方法。用于面向GOEBIA的分割方法中使用分割区域内均质性和区域间异质性作为评价测度,这种评价方法适用于选择最优分割尺度参数。本文通过定量试验论证了这两种评价方法的有效性,试验结果表明其在遥感应用中具有实际意义。最后本文分析了影像分割评价方法的不足及未来的发展方向。     

基于Voronoi几何划分和EM/MPM算法的多视SAR图像分割

基于区域和统计的SAR分割方法,提出一种结合Voronoi划分技术、最大期望值EM(Expectation Maximization)和最大边缘概率MPM(Maximization of the Posterior Marginal)算法的多视SAR图像分割方法。首先利用Voronoi划分将图像域划分成不同的子区域,而每个子区域可以被看成待分割同质区域的一个组成部分,并假设每个子区域内的像素满足同一独立的Gamma分布,从而建立多视SAR图像模型,并在贝叶斯理论架构下建立图像分割模型,然后结合EM/MPM算法进行图像分割和模型参数估计。该方法将基于像元的马尔可夫随机场(Markov Random Field,MRF)模型扩展到基于区域的MRF模型,并且能同时有效地获取模型参数估计和基于区域的SAR图像最优分割。采用本文算法,分别对RADARSAT-Ⅰ/ⅡSAR强度图像和合成SAR强度图像进行了分割实验,定性和定量的测试结果验证了本文方法的有效性、可靠性和准确性。     

带有区域分裂自适应细化过程的SAR海冰图像分割

受海冰自身特性、成像系统特性和环境因素的影响,合成孔径雷达SAR海冰图像具有非平稳、尺度依赖的空间结构,现有的单马尔可夫随机场MRF模型分割方法只能较好地适应非平稳性,对海冰场景的多尺度结构考虑仍然是全局的。为此,本文提出了一种区域分裂过程与二叉树分层结构自适应更新相结合的单MRF图像分割方法。首先利用单MRF模型的全局迭代权值完成初始区域合并,同时以二叉树形式保护合并过程的记录。所设计的分层合并算法可保证二叉树结构的节点数与场景中的对象尺度具有正相关性。随后的细化分裂并不产生新的区域,只是返回到初始配置。依据场景中不同区域对象的尺度,自适应地调整空间语境模型中的尺度权值,实现区域更新。实验表明,该方法有效提高了带有多尺度结构SAR海冰场景的分割精度。     

消除CCD天光背景的一种组合式分割方法

基于迭代阈值法和统计模型提出了一种新的组合式分割方法，该方法精确地描述了天光背景的分布情况，既能够精确确定图像分割的最优阈值，有效地消除天光背景的影响，又可以精确地估计出天光的平均强度，有利于天体亮度的精确计算及暗星的探测。     

An efficient application of fusion approach for hot spot detection with MODIS and PALSAR-1 data

Hot spot detection with satellite images, especially with synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images is still a challenging task. Several researchers have used TM/optical data for identification of hot spot but the use of SAR data is very limited for this type of application. The fusion of SAR data with TM/optical data may add additional information which in turn will lead for enhancement of detection capability of the hot spot. Therefore, this study explores the possibility of fusion of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Phased Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) satellite images for the hot spot detection. Image fusion is emerging as a powerful tool where information of various sensors can be used for obtaining better results. For this purpose, vegetation greenness and roughness information which is obtained from MODIS and PALSAR satellite images, respectively, are used for fusion, and then, a contextual-based thresholding algorithm is applied to the fused image for hot spot detection. The proposed approach comprises of two steps: (1) application of genetic algorithm-based scheme for image fusion of MODIS and PALSAR satellite images, and (2) classification of the fused image as either hot spot or non-hot spot pixels by employing a contextual thresholding technique. The algorithm is tested over the Jharia Coal Field region of India, where hot spot is one of the major problems and it is observed that the proposed thresholding technique classifies the each pixel of the fused image into two categories: hot spot and non-hot spot and the proposed approach detects the hot spot with better accuracy and less false alarm.