全国土地整治10年补充耕地4163万亩

全国水土流失180万平方公里亟待治理 水利部部长陈雷近日强调,目前全国有180多万平方公里水土流失面积亟待治理,多年平均年土壤侵蚀量高达45亿吨,有3．6亿亩坡耕地和44．2万条侵蚀沟亟待治理,东北黑土区的保护和西南石漠化地区耕地资源的抢救十分紧迫。据中国水土流失与生态安全科学考察估算,每年水土流失给我国带来经济损失相当于GDP的2．25％左右。     

治理水土流失促进人与自然和谐

一、水土流失现状。水土流失一词顾名思义是土壤侵蚀与水的侵蚀两方面内容。由于复杂的原因，我国是世界上水土流失最严重的国家之一。椐水利部调查统计，全国土壤侵蚀的面积达492万平方公里，占国土面积的5l％。其中水蚀面积179万平方公里，风蚀面积188万平方公里，冻融侵蚀面积125万平方公里。全国水土流失总面积达到国土总面积的三分之一，     

应用GIS研究中国原生金矿与砂金矿的关系

参阅近千件文献建立中国金矿数据库(ACCESS)及构造格架、地层、火成岩等图层与属性表(ArcInfo、ArcView)，对其进行时空分析。中国砂金矿主要形成在第四纪，而原生金矿则主要形成在侏罗-白垩纪(占原生金总储量64．6％)。空间分析发现，超过半数的原生金矿金储量(52．5％)分布在砂金矿0～40km缓冲域中，其中5～25km缓冲域中为33．2％，而0～5km缓冲域中仅3％，表明原生金矿主要为5～25km内砂金矿提供矿质。此外，中国砂金矿金储量916．9t，占总储量的11．6％，明显少于澳大利亚的25．2％。认为与后者原生金矿主要形成在太古代和古生代有关；中国东部中新生代(尤其第三纪)地壳减薄导致此前形成原生金矿的掩埋，可能是造成砂金较少的另～原因，这两种推测与中国缺乏古砂金相吻合。量化分析结合地质背景研究表明，西秦岭、松潘-甘孜地块、拉萨附近为依据砂金找原生金的远景区。     

大型工程建设前后周边地区生态质量遥感评估——以北京大兴国际机场为例

机场建设会对区域生态质量产生影响,科学准确地评估机场及周边地区的生态质量对于区域发展具有重要意义。以北京大兴国际机场及周边5 km范围为研究区,选取2013年(机场建设前)、2017年(机场建设中)、2019年(机场建成后)共3期Landsat-8遥感影像数据,定量分析不同时期的土地覆盖类型、热环境及生态质量,探讨遥感生态指数(RSEI)在大型工程建设前后周边地区生态质量评估中的适用性以及生态质量变化主要驱动因素。结果表明：(1)2013～2019年,研究区植被显著减少,不透水面显著增多;(2)研究区城市热岛比例指数相对较低,2013～2019年城市热岛比例指数整体提升229.46%;(3)2013～2019年的遥感生态指数整体下降27.83%,这是因为研究区不透水面、裸土面积上升了15.2%,而植被面积下降了15.19%。总体而言,机场建设导致土地覆盖类型变化剧烈,热岛效应显著升高,生态质量显著下降,验证了遥感生态指数在大型工程建设生态质量评估中的可行性。     

关注中国水土流失

中国是世界上水土流失最为严重的国家之一,水土流失面积和土地沙漠化面积呈扩张趋势,治理任务十分艰巨。     

南方山地丘陵土地利用类型的地形影响GIS分析——以江西省为例

分布广泛的山地丘陵,地形复杂多样,生态环境脆弱,不合理的土地利用方式会造成生态环境的破坏,导致严重的水土流失。分析山地丘陵区土地利用的地形控制机制,对于山地丘陵区土地利用开发与水土保持等生态保护之间权衡提供科学依据而具有重要现实意义。因此,本文以南方山地丘陵分布较广泛的江西省为例,在SRTM数字高程模型(DEM)的支持下,利用中国资源环境数据中心基于Landsat遥感解译的2000年土地利用数据,分析了江西省土地利用结构与高程、坡度和坡向等地形因子的关系。结果表明地形因子是影响江西省土地利用方式的一个重要因素,具体表现在:(1)随着高程和坡度的增加,耕地面积及占土地总面积的比例都呈下降趋势,南坡耕地面积和比例都大于北坡的耕地面积和比例;(2)在低海拔区,林地面积占土地总面积比例随着海拔高程的增加而增加,当海拔高于400米时,基本稳定;(3)居民点和工矿用地受高程和坡度的影响较大,受坡向影响较小;(4)草地的面积随着海拔的增加呈下降趋势,但其面积比随着高程增加呈缓慢增加,受坡度和坡向的影响较小。     

宽甸县水土流失灾害与防治对策

宽甸县处于新构造运动强烈上升区,境内峰峦叠嶂,山势陡峻,沟深谷狭,暴雨频繁,地质环境十分脆弱;加之森林大量砍伐,陡坡开荒严重,垦植指数过高,超载养蚕放牧,滥采乱挖猖獗,使生态环境遭到严重破坏,水土流失程度日益加剧。严重的水土流失,导致水库淤积,河道堵塞,土层变薄,地力下降,洪水泛滥,灾害频繁,给国民经济和社会发展造成巨大损失。本文阐述了宽甸山区水土流失的形成因素和危害现状,并因地制宜提出了水土流失灾害的防治对策     

实行生态移民改善生态环境--关于整合扶贫与生态整治的战略思考

经过几十年，特别是20世纪90年代扶贫攻坚计划实施，我国扶贫工作取得了巨大成就，但目前我国还有约3000万贫困人口，这些人口主要聚集在生态环境恶劣地区。事实上，以往正是由于这些地区人口活动造成毁林开荒，过度垦牧，严重恶化了生态环境。目前，我国已成为世界上水土流失最严重的国家之一，水土流失面积已达367万平方公里，约占国土面积的38％，并以每年1万平方公里的速度在增加。西北黄土高原是我国水土流失最严重的地区，长江流域也面对巨大的生态隐患。我国还是世界上沙漠化危害严重的国家之一。     

大通县水土保持生态建设的主要经验与做法

大通县位于青海省东部湟水流域,总土地面积3090km2,其中水土流失面积1978km2,占总面积的64%,地势自西北向东南逐渐降低,境内地形复杂,气候干旱,水土流失严重,生态环境十分脆弱,严重制约着经济发展.     

我国治理水土流失面积近110万平方公里

到2015年,我国将确保实现新增水土流失治理面积25万平方公里．力争建设4000万亩高标准梯田,解决3000万群众吃粮问题。     

Thermohaline structure inhomogeneity associated with polynia at the northern margin of Emery Ice-shelf

Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surface layer(0-50 m) at the eastern end and the western end of the ice-shelf margin is much higher than that at the middle.The upper mixing-layer depth and the seasonal thermocline depth at the middle of the ice-shelf northern margin are much shallower than those at the both ends.However there is much less difference between the middle and the ends in the bottom layer.The remote sensing photos show that the inhomogeneity in the surface-layer water is closely related to the spatial distribution of the floes and polynia in the area.     

Phylogenetic analysis of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice

Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA of 8 strains of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice was studied.The results showed that strain BJ1 belonged to genus Planococcus,which was a genus of low mole percent G C gram-positive bacteria;strain BJ6 belonged to genus Burkholderia of β-proteobacteria and the rest 6 strain all belonged to γ-proteobacteria,of which strain BJ8 was a species of Pseudoalteromonas,strain BJ2-BJ5 and BJ7 were members of genus Psychrobacter.Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that bacteria of genus Psychrobacter of the isolates formed a relatively independent phylogenetic cluster in comparison with other bacteria belonged to genus Psychrobacter.     

Information for authors

正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprchensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose is to publish achievements in fundamental research,applied     

Advances in Polar Science CONTENTS(Volume 25,2014)

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Guide to Authors： Journal of Mountain Science

<正>AIMS AND SCOPE(Editorial Policy)The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)is devoted to mountains and their surrounding lowlands-ecoregions of particular global importance,with a particular emphasis on the important highlands/mountains in the world,such as the Tibetan Plateau,the Himalayas,the Alps,the Andes,the Rockies and many other mountain ranges of our planet.     

Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)

<正>The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS),founded in2004,is an international English-language journal on mountain sciences.JMS is supervised by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),sponsored by the Chengdu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,CAS,published by Science Press China,and distributed by Springer exclusively throughout the world(excluding Mainland China).The JMS is published bimonthly,fulltexted in SpringerLink and CNKI,indexed/abstracted by     

Relationship of Arctic sea ice and Northern Hemispheric 500 hPa Polar vortices

Using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis monthly 500 hPa height data on a 2.5 latitude-longitude grid and 1°×1° sea ice data,the polar vortex area,intensity index and arctic sea ice area index are calculated respectively,and the meridional distribution,period variation and the abrupts in the long range trend are analyzed to study their relationship.The results show that the meridional distribution of sea ice and polar vortex h-ave distinctive difference,the relative positions of them are different in the eastern and western hemispheres,and exept they have periods of 4 months,quasi half year,quasi year,4-5 years and 10 years commonly,and each of them has its own respective variation as well.The sea ice area is decreasing apparently since 1980's,so is the polar vortex area,but their abrupt changge time are different totally.The area of sea ice and polar vortex has prominent positive correlation,but the relationship of sea ice intensity,polar vortex intensity,polar vortex area is complicated.     

Author Index for Journal of Mountain Science Volume 11,2014,pp 1-1656

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Information for Authors

<正>The Journal of Ocean University of China(Oceanic and Coastal Sea Research)is a comprehensive academic quarterly sponsored by the Ocean University of China,published one volume per year.This journal is devoted to the publication of the theoretical and applied research