鄂尔多斯西缘羊虎沟组页岩气聚集地质条件分析

为了研究鄂尔多斯盆地西缘羊虎沟组页岩气成藏潜力,根据泥页岩厚度、有机质类型、有机质丰度与成熟度等因素,从暗色泥页岩地层空间展布特征、构造特征与热事件、生烃能力等方面分析页岩气聚集的地质条件。研究表明,羊虎沟组暗色泥页岩单层最大厚度约30m,区内发育的逆冲推覆构造使地层叠置形成厚的泥页岩层段,泥页岩干酪根以III型为主,II—I型也有发育,TOC平均值为3.25%,R0为1%~4%,这些条件均有利于页岩气聚集成藏。综合分析认为呼鲁斯太南部、乌达及石炭井地区为页岩气聚集最有利的区域。     

川南地区龙潭组页岩气成藏条件及有利区分析

基于钻井、岩心样品等分析资料,对川南地区上二叠统龙潭组页岩气成藏条件进行了系统分析,认为该区上二叠统龙潭组页岩主要形成于海陆过渡沉积相,页岩厚度较大(20~120m),富含有机质,有机质丰度高(TOC为0.85%~35.7%,平均7.51%),有机质类型主要为Ⅲ型,热演化程度达高一过成熟(Ro为1.95%~2.4%,平均2.22%),利于干气生成;页岩富含脆性矿物和黏土,微米级孔隙比较发育,利于吸附气赋存。与成功勘探开发页岩气的北美页岩相比,川南地区龙潭组页岩有利于干气的生成及赋存,综合分析提出了泸州—自贡—宜宾、女基井—潼南—高科井2个区块为页岩气富集有利区。     

"川蔺地1井"钻探施工难点与对策

"川蔺地1井"是部署在古蔺县大寨乡的一口页岩气地质调查井.旨在通过钻取地层岩心及测录井等工作,揭示川南古叙地区龙潭组富有机质页岩厚度、岩性、物性、含气性等页岩气基本地质情况.该井钻遇地层情况复杂,上部地层涌水量大、压力高,采用套管封隔引流解决了涌水难题.采用环保型防塌钻井液体系,解决了煤系地层垮塌等难题,满足环保要求和...     

滇东老厂背斜（滇富地1井）二叠系龙潭组获良好“三气”显示

正1研究目的(Objective)滇东老厂背斜位于云南省东部,地处师宗—弥勒大断裂东南侧,南邻南盘江断裂,总体为一北东走向的不对称复背斜构造。区内广泛发育海陆过渡相二叠系龙潭组,该组泥页岩厚度大,有机质丰度高,具备良好的页岩气成藏条件。前人的研究工作主要针对老厂矿区龙潭组煤层气,缺乏其他层段的系统评价参数,页岩气富集层段尚不明确。本次于滇东老厂背斜实施地质调查井—滇富地1井,目的是系统获取龙潭组相关参数,评价页岩气、煤层气和致密砂岩气资源潜力,探索本区"三气"勘查开发方向。     

下扬子地区下寒武统页岩特征及有利勘探方向探讨

下寒武统荷塘组是下扬子地区重要的页岩气勘探层位之一,通过野外地质考察,并结合区域构造演化背景分析,以下扬子地区下寒武统荷塘组富有机质泥页岩为主要研究对象,结合实钻井宣页1井、皖宁2井等分析了下寒武统页岩特征,探讨了其有利勘探方向,认为黄桥—无锡低褶带是下扬子地区下寒武统页岩气勘探的较有利方向。     

重庆南川地区龙潭组页岩气地质特征与甜点优选

海陆过渡相富有机质含气页岩是页岩气勘探的重要领域。利用地震、钻井、测井、分析测试等资料，选择重庆南川地区为研究对象，对我国南方四川盆地东南缘地区二叠统龙潭组页岩气勘探潜力系统评价。从沉积环境、岩性组合、有机地化、储层物性、含气性、矿物组成等页岩气成藏地质条件等方面入手，探讨了页岩气富集主控因素，优选了甜点区和甜点段。研究结果表明：① 南川地区龙潭组处于潟湖相，富有机质黑色泥页岩发育，累厚50~65 m，单层厚度26~32 m，埋深主体在1000~4000 m之间。② 地球化学指标适中，TOC含量2. 0%~3. 0%，Ro为2. 0%~2. 2%，有机质类型为Ⅲ~Ⅱ2型。③ 含气性较好，气测全烃一般3%~25. 5%，含气量1. 5~3. 5 m3/t。④ 硅质、碳酸盐矿物等脆性矿物含量较高，具有较大页岩气勘探潜力。⑤ 龙潭组页岩气富集高产具有相带控烃、保存控富、可压控产“三控”规律，即潟湖相影响泥页岩厚度及地化指标，控制页岩气富集烃源基础；保存条件影响地层压力和滞留气含量，控制页岩气富集的程度；可压裂性影响改造体积和缝网复杂程度，控制页岩气井产量。⑥ 初步建立了南川地区龙潭组页岩气甜点区目标评价方法和标准，优选出具有一定构造稳定区面积、页岩气成藏指标较好、埋深适中的阳春沟背斜、东胜背斜为Ⅰ类区。⑦ 建立了以TOC、孔隙度、含气量、脆性矿物含量四项主要参数为指标的储层综合评价指数（RCEI），优选出潭三段为页岩气勘探甜点段，潭三段上部为水平井最优穿层靶窗。     

黔西南地区龙潭组页岩气储层特征

随着南方海相页岩气开发的突破,黔西南地区煤系泥页岩研究工作迫在眉睫。通过系统实验测试分析,以黔西南地区二叠系龙潭组页岩为主要研究目标,对该区页岩气成藏条件进行分析研究。结果表明,黔西南地区龙潭组含煤地层自北西向南东逐渐由陆相、海陆交互相演变为海相沉积,其内发育多段富含有机质泥页岩。有机质丰度相对较高,为0.60%～22.30%,平均4.37%;储层矿物成分以黏土矿物为主,为9.83%～95.23%,平均48.56%;等温吸附测试结果显示,龙潭组泥页岩最大吸附量为6.13m~3/t,含气潜力好。综上所示,基于黔西南地区泥页岩储层特征并结合构造保存条件分析,认为关岭岗乌—花江、普安地瓜—青山、兴仁巴铃—安龙龙山为页岩气成藏的有利区。本研究成果同时也可为中国南方地区龙潭组页岩气勘探提供借鉴。     

浙西地区古生界页岩气资源有利区评价与优选

在前人研究的基础上依据大量实测数据,重点分析了浙西地区古生界沉积的三套富有机质泥页岩层系的岩性组合、展布特征、地球化学特征、含气性等成藏条件,并依据分析建立了浙西地区荷塘组、宁国组-胡乐组及龙潭组资源评价参数,初步估算出研究区页岩气地质资源量(P50)为2. 73×10~(12)m~3,其中下寒武统为2. 27×10~(12)m~3、奥陶系为0. 45×10~(12)m~3、上二叠统为0. 009 6×10~(12)m~3。在此基础上,依据TOC、Ro、厚度、埋深、保存条件等因素进行综合评价,认为研究区宁国—胡乐组及上二叠统龙潭组页岩不具有页岩气规模聚集的条件,下寒武统荷塘组仅在开化-淳安一带存在页岩气成藏有利区。     

下扬子地区古生界页岩气地质条件与勘探前景

通过对下扬子地区海相古生界暗色泥页岩发育的构造背景、沉积环境、空间展布、地球化学参数等的分析,认为下扬子地区海相古生界暗色泥页岩具备了页岩气富集的基本条件,提出了2套重点目的层,即下寒武统荷塘组和上二叠统龙潭组.并针对这2套泥页岩发育的层位分别提出了有利勘探区.同时认为,后期改造相对较弱的地区应该是页岩气勘探开发的主战场.     

川南海陆过渡相页岩气地质特征及其意义——以石宝向斜为例

川南地区是我国页岩气资源最富集的区域,经过十余年的系统性研究,已在下志留统龙马溪组获得页岩气勘探开发的成功。四川盆地发育多套富有机质炭质泥页岩含气层系,且具备较好的页岩气资源潜力。在综合前人研究成果的基础上,以川南地区石宝向斜上二叠统龙潭组炭质泥页岩为研究对象,利用典型剖面和钻井资料,结合岩心、露头观察和样品分析测试结果,系统分析了沉积环境、炭质泥页岩分布、岩石学、地球化学指标、储集性参数、岩石力学、含气性等特征,结果表明:该炭质泥页岩主要发育于分流间湾沉积,累计厚度超过50m,满足页岩气成藏条件,具备良好的页岩气资源潜力,是未来关注的重要方向。     

Structure analysis of geopolymers synthesized from clay originated from Serbia

The paper presents chemical and structural analysis of geopolymer materials which are obtained by alkali-activated calcined clay (metakaolin) originated from Serbia under strictly defined conditions. Characterization of the metakaolin and geopolymers molecular structure has been done using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The paper presents the possibility of obtaining geopolymer structure and differences in chemical and structural characterization of these materials taking into account the concentration of NaOH as a variable parameter. The results of MALDI analysis of metakaolin and synthesized geopolymer structures using various matrix system: 2,4,6 trihydroxyacetophenone (THAP), α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic, 2,6 dihydroxyacetophenone and laser desorption/ionization, have shown that THAP matrix is the most appropriate for analysing these aluminosilicate materials.     

Genesis of melilitolite from Colle Fabbri: inferences from melt inclusions

Melilite and wollastonite from the Colle Fabbri stock contain silicate melt and silicate-carbonate inclusions. The homogenization temperatures of silicate inclusions are within the magmatic temperature range of mantle ultrabasic melts: about 1,320?±?15 °С. Their composition is melilititic and evolves to the composition of leucite tephrite and phonolite. The composition of silicate-carbonate inclusions are high SiO₂, Ca-rich, enriched in alkalies and are similar to that of inclusions of carbonatite melts in the minerals of melilitolites of other intrusive ultramafic complexes. They are also similar to the compositions of metasomatized travertine covering the melilitolite stock. The presence of primary silicate and silicate-carbonate inclusions evidences that the melilitite magma from which melilitolites of Colle Fabbri crystallized was associated with carbonatite liquid. This liquid was highly fluidized, mobile and aggressive. Actively interacting with overlying travertine, the liquid enriched them with alkalies, aluminosilicates and incompatible elements, which resulted in the equalization of their compositions. Heterogeneous compositional dominions were formed at the contact between melilitolite and wall pelites. In the minerals of these contact facies high-Si melt inclusions of varying composition have been observed. Their occurrence is related to the local assimilation by the high-temperature melilitite magma of pelitic country rocks. The content of incompatible elements in melilitite melts and melilitolites is higher than the mantle norm and they have peculiar indicator ratios, spectra, Eu/Eu^* ratio, which suggest a peculiar mantle source.     

Chemistry of petroleum brines from oil-producing wells in Cretaceous rocks from Southeast Mexico

Brine chemical data obtained from oil wells in Cretaceous oilfields in the Southeastern Basin of Mexico show a complex evolution, with the following main hydrochemical processes: (1) mixing of highly evaporated brines, past the point of halite precipitation with seawater; (2) water/rock interactions between brines and carbonated rocks (dolostones).     

Rheological Strength of UHP Eclogite from Dabieshan: Evidences from High p-T Experiments

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九连墩楚墓青铜器锈蚀产物的拉曼光谱分析

利用拉曼光谱对几件九连墩楚墓出土青铜器的腐蚀产物进行了测试。结果表明,九连墩楚墓出土的青铜器上主要的锈蚀产物为孔雀石[CuCO_3·Cu(OH)_2],存在部分蓝铜矿[2CuCO_3·Cu(OH)_2]和少许副氯铜矿[Cu_2(OH)_3Cl];此批青铜器锈蚀情况比较复杂,锈蚀种类比较丰富。在此基础上,探讨了科学保护此批青铜器的方法。     

The characteristics of glacial tills from Northern England derived from a relational database

Geotechnical investigations have been carried out for many years in order to identify the depth, extent and the properties of the glacial deposits of Northern England. This valuable source of data exists in various forms because of the differences in the design of the investigations, the codes of practice relevant at the time of investigations, and contractors practice. An electronic store of these data would be a valuable asset not only to future development but to help in scientific studies of glacial till. This paper presents an overview of NETDATA (Northern England Till DATA), a relational database which is designed to store that data in a consistent format, allowing flexibility for further use. A preliminary analysis of the data has resulted in a characteristic data set for the tills.     

Preparation of iron phosphate from sludge sourced from the electrocoagulation treatment of source-separated urine

In order to prepare iron phosphate by waste sludge, we report a method for effective utilization of the sludge obtained from the electrocoagulation treatment of source-separated urine. The sludge was dissolved with hydrochloric acid and pretreated with H₂O₂ and Na₃PO₄; finally, NaOH was added to precipitate iron phosphate from the solution. Thermal treatment of the precipitate at 750 °C in air yielded crystalline quartz-like anhydrous FePO₄. The precipitate was characterized by a number of thermal techniques such as thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction.     

两类榴辉岩的石榴石变形特征差异——来自TEM研究的证据

大陆碰撞造山带中超高压榴辉岩从变形程度上通常可以分为面理化榴辉岩和块状榴辉岩两类。本文利用透射电子显微镜对中国大陆科学钻探主孔岩心中面理化榴辉岩和块状榴辉岩的石榴石变形特征进行了比较研究。结果表明:(1)面理化榴辉岩中石榴石的位错密度比块状榴辉岩中石榴石的位错密度高大约3个数量级,位错密度达1.2×1010/cm2。并且有水分子团与高密度位错共存,表明主导石榴石发生强烈塑性变形的机制为水弱化的位错滑移。(2)块状榴辉岩中石榴石的位错密度低,没有观察到水分子团,虽然在局部发现有位错网,但总体上仍呈刚性。(3)两类榴辉岩的石榴石中占主导地位的位错滑移系都是1/2<111>{110},其次为<100>{010}。本文对变形石榴石晶体中水的赋存状态、水弱化机制及变形石榴石形态优选方位与晶格优选方位不协调问题进行了讨论:(1)水在石榴石晶体中有三种可能赋存状态:第一种是吸附于位错管道中的极化水分子;第二种是通过晶体表面以及位错管道扩散进入晶格的间隙水分子;第三种是以4OH-替代SiO44-形式的结构水。(2)石榴石水弱化机制有两种可能:一种是水弱化促进的位错滑移机制,在面理化榴辉岩石榴石的塑性变形中起主导作用;另一种是水弱化促进的扩散和颗粒边界滑移机制,在面理化榴辉岩石榴石的塑性变形中只起次要作用。(3)变形石榴石不产生明显的LPO是由其晶体结构本身特征所决定的,并不能排除其主导变形机制仍然是位错滑移的可能性。     

Palaeoclimatic inferences from the behaviour of radiocarbon dates of carbonates from Sand Dunes of Rajasthan

Radiocarbon dates on pedogenic CaCO₃, accumulated at various depths in a stabilised dune at Budha Pushkar, Rajasthan, show inversion with respect to ‘stratigraphy’. Occurrence of younger carbonates overlain by older ones at various levels, is interpreted in terms of a shift in climatic conditions causing pedogenic carbonates to be leached to greater depths. Based on this model, several wetter regions during the last 6000 years have been identified. The most significant shift from a dry to a wet phase seems to have taken place between 5000 and 4500 years ago. Conclusions drawn from this study is in agreement with that based on pollen data and extends this method as a potential palaeoclimatic indicator.     

Mechanism of Mineral Reactions Inferred from Textures of Impure Dolomitic Marbles from East Greenland

Mineral assemblages and chemical compositions of minerals foundin impure dolomitic marbles embedded in gneisses and migmatitesof the E. Greenland Caledonian fold belt (Scoresby Sund) suggestthat the marbles were metamorphosed near 630 °C at 5 kbpressure. The analysis of complex textural and mineralogicalrelations among minerals such as dolomite, calcite, forsterite,pargasite, chlorite, spinel, diopside and phlogopite led tothe conclusion that the major mineralogical features of therocks were probably caused by sodium metasomatism at constanttemperature and pressure. The effect of the inferred sodiummetasomatism may be summarized by three schematic reactionsall involving modal changes of excess dolomite, calcite, forsterite,chlorite and spinel: (a) nucleation and growth of pargasite,(b) resorption of phlogopite, and (c) growth of pargasite fromphlogopite.