山西刁泉铜矿地质特征有矿床成因

刁泉矿床为产大在理岩和花岗斑岩接触带中的大型Ａｇ－Ｃｕ矿床。成矿作用分为两期，具有强的围岩蚀变。岩石和硫化物的向量元素、地球化学特征表明；成矿流体为内生热液。稳定同位素研究表明：＾３４Ｓ明显富集，均为正值，塔式效应明显，矿石铅和黑云母石英二长岩的铅同位素具有相似和相对稳定的组成，二者可能从下地壳产生的。碳、氧同位素组成显示了岩浆热液的特征。包裹体测温给出了１８４－４００℃的成矿温度；含盐度为４０－     

莲花山斑岩型W－Au矿床成矿流体来源及其演化

莲花山斑岩型Ｗ－Ａｕ矿床矿化脉的流体包裹体氢氧同位素特征表明，成矿流体来自岩浆水与大气水的混合水，从早到晚，岩浆水成分减少，大气水成分增加。成矿流体的氧同位素、流体包裹体的盐度和成矿温度表明，较早的黑钨矿一石英脉形成于岩浆热能及热液向上推进的过程中，而后的白钨矿－硫化物－石英脉和碳酸盐－石英脉形成于岩浆热能及热液向下退缩的过程中。     

莲花山斑岩型W—Au矿床成矿流体来源及其演化

莲花山斑岩型Ｗ－Ａｕ矿床矿化脉的流体包裹体氢氧同位素特征表明，成矿流体来自岩浆水与大气水的混合水，从早到晚，岩浆水成分减少，大气水成分增加。成矿流体的氧同位、流体包裹体的盐度和成矿温度表明，较早的黑钨矿－石英脉形成于岩浆热能及热液上推进的过程中，而后的白钨矿－硫化物－石英脉和碳酸盐－石英脉形成于岩浆热能及热液向下退缩的过程中。     

山西刁泉银铜矿地质特征及矿床成因

刁泉矿床为产在大理岩和花岗斑岩接触带中的大型ＡｇＣｕ矿床。成矿作用分为两期，具有强的围岩蚀变。岩石和硫化物的微量元素、地球化学特征表明：成矿流体为内生热液。稳定同位素研究表明：３４Ｓ明显富集，均为正值，塔式效应明显。矿石铅和黑云母石英二长岩的铅同位素具有相似和相对稳定的组成，二者可能从下地壳产生的。碳、氧同位素组成显示了岩浆热液的特征。包裹体测温给出了１８５～４００℃的成矿温度；含盐度为４０～４６ｗｔ％。认为刁泉为一中低温热液ＡｇＣｕ矿床。本文建立了成矿模式。     

黑龙江金厂金矿地质地球化学特征及矿床成因

金厂金矿金矿化分为构造蚀变岩裂隙充填型、隐爆角砾岩型。金矿石分角砾岩型、蚀变岩型、硫化物－石英脉型３类。蚀变类型主要有硅化,绢云母化、钾化、黄铁矿化。成矿作用分为早、中、晚期。找金的最佳指示元素组合为Ａｕ－Ａｓ－Ｂｉ－Ｍｏ－Ｃｏ－Ｎｉ。不同类型矿体Ｈ－Ｏ同位素组成相对稳定,总体属岩浆水范围。综合矿区地质地球化学特征研究认为,金厂金矿属于与中生代岩浆活动有密切关系的浅成中高温岩浆期后热液矿床。     

南京栖霞山铅锌矿床地质特征与成因

栖霞山铅锌矿位于长江中下游成矿带东部,是我国东部最大的铅锌矿床。通过矿区接替资源勘查,在深部取得重大突破,主矿体控制深度由-650 m延深至-1 079 m,且在深部发现了绿帘石、透闪石、透辉石等矽卡岩蚀变矿物。结合最新成果,从控矿地质因素、矿体地质、成矿元素的空间分带特征等入手,全面总结了矿床地质特征。通过分析黄铁矿、闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铜矿中S同位素组成,发现黄铁矿中的硫来源于沉积岩和岩浆,而闪锌矿、方铅矿和黄铜矿中的硫来源于岩浆;硫化物中Pb同位素的分布特征指示矿石铅主要来源于上地壳与地幔混合;碳酸盐矿物C、O同位素组成反映成矿流体与岩浆热液的亲缘关系;H、O同位素特征反映成矿流体主要为深部岩浆期后热液,并有大气水的加入。综合地质与同位素地球化学研究成果,对栖霞山铅锌矿床的成因进行了探讨。     

辽东庄河金矿同位素地球化学特征及成矿时代

到目前为止,对辽宁庄河金矿尚没有做过系统的矿床地球化学和同位素年代学的研究。本文在成矿地质条件分析的基础上,对庄河金矿床的氢、氧同位素、硫同位素、铅同位素、碳同位素以及Rb-Sr同位素的组成特征进行了分析研究。氢、氧同位素组成表明成矿流体主要来源于岩浆热液,并与围岩发生了同位素交换;硫同位素和碳同位素组成表明成矿物质主要来源于地壳深部;矿石和花岗斑岩脉具有非常相似的铅同位素组成,暗示该矿床的形成和物质来源与此岩浆活动有密切的成因联系;石英流体包裹体Rb-Sr等时线年龄为143.0±5.8Ma,表明金的成矿期为燕山期。     

延边地区火山岩型金矿地球化学及成矿作用研究

延边地区北部大面积出露中生界（Ｊｓ）火山岩系，为正常的钙碱性系列，同玄武岩－安山岩－石英安山岩组成，以富含Ａｕ，Ａｇ，Ｓｂ，Ａｓ，Ｂｉ为特征，其中的金矿床可分为两类即蚀地型高温热液矿床和浅成中低温线热液成矿，同位素资料表明，其成矿热液主要来自火山岩浆。     

新西兰怀特岛火山热水系统构成强硫化铜金矿床的地球化学环境

新西兰怀特岛的火山热水系统与形成强硫化Ｃｕ－Ａｕ矿床的化学条件非常接近。据计算，１万多年间火山活动带出的Ｃｕ和Ａｕ（主要来自岩浆脱气）分别为１百万吨和４５吨。从近期喷口中喷出的蚀变安山岩块含有明矾石、硬石膏和黄铁矿。其硫同位素组成表明，矿脉充填温度约为３８０℃。在此温度下，Ｃｕ、Ａｕ在酸性溶液中易于溶解。这可以解释喷发物中Ｃｕ亏损、Ａｕ缺失的原因。然而，质量平衡计算表明，Ｃｕ、Ａｕ在酸性溶液释放到     

河南熊耳山蚀变断层岩型金矿床成因的地质及地球化学特征

本文通过太华群，熊耳群和燕山期花岗岩等地质体的含金性评价，认为熊耳山蚀变断层岩型金矿床的的金等成矿元素大多来自太华群，且太华群是主要的矿源层，对矿床的硫，铅，氢，氧和碳同位素的研究表明，硫，铅及碳等成矿物质源于太华群，而成矿流体则主要为大气降水，可能有少量岩浆水的加入。结合晚太古代至元古宙的区域变质作用，燕山期的构造－岩浆热事件和成矿时代，作者认为该类金矿床是一种复杂的改造型矿床，燕山期的构造－岩     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

滇东南花岗岩与锡、银、铜、铅、锌多金属矿床的成因关系

滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床.     

Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA

The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.     

Bellechester,Minnesota, USA,lagoon collapses

Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×10⁶ 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m³ of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes.     

岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率

在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。