Demarcation of spatial extension of kandi (piedmont) area in bist doab (Punjab) through analysis of landsat imagery

The analysis of Landsat imagery has enabled to demarcate the exact limits of the Piedmont Zone (Kandi Area) an important geomorphic unit of the Bist Doab. The study reveals that this Piedmont has the shape of a large fan and covers aboutone third of the total area of Bist Doab.     

Lineaments and tectonic analysis through landsat imagery and its implications on the evaluation of bauxite and laterite deposits in and around Panchpatmali area,Koraput District,Orissa

Lineaments of Panchpatmali plateau and the adjoining areas in Koraput District, Orissa, lying on the East Coast of India, were analysed to elucidate their influence on the occurrence of’ laterite/bauxite duricrust of the area. A detailed lineament map and a map of the explored and expected deposits of laterite and bauxite of the areas have been prepared from satellite imagery after ‘Band Ratioing’ and ‘Maximum Likelihood Classification’ and ground truth study. Development of laterite/bauxite plateaus follows the regional lineament trend of NE - SW, probably due to the tectonic activities in the area. It has been observed that there are atleast two major planation surfaces - the older one shows complete development of laterite/bauxite duricrust, whereas the younger planation surfaces are devoid of any.     

Validations of suspended sediment concentration (ssc) derived using ocean colour monitor (ocm) data off Chennai coast, India

Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS) — P4 Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM) data were used to estimate Suspended Sediment Concentration (SSC) in the coastal waters off Chennai and to study the distribution along the coast. Surface water samples were collected during May and October 2000 synchronized with satellite overpass, and quantitative estimates of Suspended Sediment Concentration (SSC) were done. OCM — Data Analysis System (DAS) software developed by the Space Applications Centre, Ahmedabad was used for OCM data processing and analysis. The field data and OCM derived SSC showed a correlation of r = 0.85 and r = 0.95 for the months of May and October respectively.     

渤海近岸水体漫衰减系数Kd(490)遥感反演模型

利用2005年渤海近岸水体生物光学数据集, 建立了基于水体遥感反射率光谱Rrs(λ)数据的490nm波段水体漫衰减系数Kd(490)经验反演模型, 经实测数据检验, 模型反演结果的平均相对误差为18.4%, 均方根误差(对数坐标下)为0.094m-1, 相关系数R2 (对数坐标下)为0.902。分析了模型的噪声敏感性, 在输入端引入±5%误差的情况下, 模型反演结果的平均相对误差波动在9%以内, 均方根误差的变化在0.035m-1以内, 模型是稳定可靠的。以ENVISAT MERIS数据为例, 进行了模型的示范应用, 给出了渤海Kd(490)的空间分布。     

Geomorphology and Petroleum Prospects of Cauvery Basin,Tamilnadu, Based on Interpretation of Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS) Data

Geomorphological studies of the Cauvery basin, Tamilnadu were carried out using IRS images with special emphasis on identification of zones of hydrocarbon occurrences. The basin exhibits landforms of fluvial and fluvio-marine plains. Two major trends of lineaments and 15 circular anomalies have been identified. The NW-SE trend appears to be younger and might have played an important role in migration and entrapment of hydrocarbons. Six circular anomalies are associated with known oil/gas wells. The study has identified probable zones of hydrocarbon occurrences.     

基于等式的等间隔GM(1,1)模型比较研究

本文归纳了基于等式的2种等间隔GM(1,1)模型,比较了这2种模型与常规模型的精度,算例显示:当发展系数a较小时,3种模型的后验差比值C和小误差概率P的精度一致;当发展系数较大时,基于等式的模型比常规模型的后验差比值C和小误差概率P的精度高,且基于等式的这2种模型的后验差比值C和小误差概率P精度基本相当.     

Applications of generalized additive model (GAM) to satellite-derived variables and fishery data for prediction of fishery resources distributions in the Arabian Sea

This study aims to illustrate how remotely sensed oceanic variables and fishing operations data can be used to predict suitable habitat of fishery resources in Geographic Information System. We used sea surface height anomaly (SSHa), sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll concentration (CC), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and fishing depth as predictor variables. Fishery data of Indian squid (Loligo spp.) and catfish (Tachysurus spp.) for study period (1998–2004) were segregated randomly to create training and validation. Catch was normalized into Catch per unit Effort (kg h^?1). Generalized additive modelling was performed on training data and then tested on validation data. Suitable ranges of SST, CC, SSHa and PAR for different species distributions were derived and integrated to predict their spatial distributions. Results indicated good match between predicted and actual catch. Monthly probability maps of predicted habitat areas coincide with high catch of the particular month for the study period.     

渤海近岸水体漫衰减系数Kd(490)遥感反演模型

Irrigated land is one of the most important parts in land cover classification system, but until now it has seldom been reported about extracting it from remote sensing data and monitoring its dynamic change. The existing researches are focused on the land use-cover change (LUCC) and the irrigated area mapping, so the study on extracting irrigated land is much more important. On the basis of close relationship between water deficit index (WDI) and soil water content, this paper firstly combines two neighbor NDVI and the surface-air temperature (Ts-Ta) and conforms one Vegetation Index Temperature (VIT). It makes the timely incomparable WDI comparable and then computes the change of WDI during the monitored period. Secondly it infers the change of soil water. Thirdly it removes the rainfall’s influence under some assumption and extracts the irrigated land of the survey area. Results show that comparing with census data all the deviation is below 7% in the survey area except Shanxi province, which means that the extracted results are comparable with census data. Extracted irrigated land mainly distributes around rivers, lakes, and reservoirs or on the irrigated regions and oasises. The results are consistent with the centralized region which has abundant irrigated land known before. The results are checked elementarily using TM images. All the precisions are above 70% except in Shanxi province. The precision in Xinjiang municipality is the highest.     

变异时序回归GM(1,1)模型

鉴于在GM(1,1)预测模型中,灰参数与背景值导致的GM(1,1)模型的残差,本文提出将残差引入到时序中,对时序进行变异,利用不同的曲线回归方程对变异时序进行估计.基于对不同回归方程估计结果的误差分析,选用最佳的回归方程作为GM(1,1)变异时序预测方程;并将预测结果作为GM(1,1)模型的变量k.实例计算表明,变异时...     

Land-use and vegetation-cover mapping of an indigenous land area in the state of Mato Grosso (Brazil) based on spectral linear mixing model,segmentation and region classification

A spectral linear-mixing model using Landsat ETM+ imagery was undertaken to estimate fraction images of green vegetation, soil and shade in an indigenous land area in the state of Mato Grosso in the central-western region of Brazil. The fraction images were used to classify different types of land use and vegetation cover. The fraction images were classified by the following two methods: (a) application of a segmentation based on the region-growing technique; and (b) grouping of the regions segmented using the per-region unsupervised classifier named ISOSEG. Adopting a 75% threshold, ISOSEG generated 44 clusters that were grouped into eight land-use and vegetation-cover classes. The mapping achieved an average accuracy of 83%, showing that the methodology is efficient in mapping areas of great land-use and vegetation-cover diversity, such as that found in the Brazilian cerrado (savanna).     

实景三维中国建设技术大纲(2021版)解读与思考

《实景三维中国建设技术大纲(2021版)》是自然资源部发布的实景三维中国建设和新型基础测绘相关的重大的国家级技术指南.本文结合各地实景三维中国建设及新型基础测绘试点项目的情况,对《大纲》中若干重点技术内容进行梳理和解读,并提出思考和见解.     

时变参数灰色模型背景值重构及实现

针对时变参数灰色模型PGM(1,1)的背景值重构收敛速度及稳定性问题,该文运用积分的方法综合序列在Δt内不同变化趋势,导出背景值模型的准确表达式。实现了反映序列对新老信息偏爱程度的最优权值介于(0,1)内,且非不能越过某一阈值;给出了背景值重构模型最优解准确求取的具体算法步骤。基于MATLAB语言的实验结果表明:改进模型预测精度高,易于实现;所研究的带权灰色模型GM(1,n)背景值模型的重构及计算方法验证了PGM(1,1)模型重构及计算实现方法的有效性和实用性。     

一种改进灰色预测模型在变形预测中的应用

针对传统的单一模型和非线性GM(1,1)-AR组合模型无法实现对非平稳、含噪时间序列信号进行优化处理的问题,该文提出了一种新的基于小波的GM(1,1)-AR模型预测算法。采用小波变换原理对监测数据进行消噪处理和不同频带的分离,有效地获取了实际变形量;利用GM(1,1)模型和AR时序分析模型对具有确定性的趋势项和不确定性的随机项进行建模组合,较好地综合了灰色模型拟合功能强大和时间序列善于处理细节信息两者优势。通过工程实例对比分析结果表明:基于小波的GM(1,1)-AR模型不仅有效剔除了多余噪声,还利用各种模型有机嵌套组合实现优势互补,新算法预测结果比各单一模型、非线性GM(1,1)-AR模型结果更为精确。     

缓冲算子的VGM(1,1)模型预测精度研究

针对沉降过程中的沉降加速度和冲击扰动项问题,该文改变以累计沉降量作为GM(1,1)模型建模数据的传统做法,提出了以沉降速度为建模数据的VGM(1,1)模型和基于缓冲算子的VGM(1,1)模型。通过分析基坑沉降量的预测结果,比较VGM(1,1)模型、基于缓冲算子的VGM(1,1)模型、基于缓冲算子的GM(1,1)模型以及GM(1,1)模型之间的精度变化。实验结果表明,VGM(1,1)模型以及基于缓冲算子的VGM(1,1)模型均可提高预测精度,基于缓冲算子的VGM(1,1)模型精度高于VGM(1,1)模型,冲击扰动项对预测值的影响程度大于沉降加速度对预测值的影响程度。     

长株潭地区建设用地扩张遥感时空特征分析

利用遥感、GIS一体化技术,获取长沙、株洲、湘潭3市(长株潭地区)2000年、2005年和2010年3期陆地卫星图像,提取建设用地扩张及其空间分布信息。运用扩张速度指数和强度指数分别对2000—2010年间10 a变化以及2005年为界的前后两个5 a区域建设用地时序特征进行分析;利用优势度指数分析了区域建设用地扩张的空间趋向性。结果表明:长株潭地区建设用地在不同时期都处于增长的趋势,其中前5 a建设用地扩张速度和强度都要明显高于后5 a。2000—2010年间建设用地面积增加约3.94万hm2,前后2个时期的扩张面积分别占增加总量的57.30%和42.70%。对长株潭地区建设用地扩张进行时空特征分析,认为建设用地扩张引起区域内耕地和林地在数量和空间格局上的变化,城区周围9~12 km范围内耕地极易转入建设用地;2个时期河流附近耕地流入建设用地随距离变化而呈现不同特征;前5 a城区周围林地转入建设用地强度大,距离交通用地3 km附近的林地易转入建设用地。     

Study of flood affected area of ephemeral streams (choes) around mahilpur in Hoshiarpur district,Punjab, using photo-interpretation techniques

Conventional aerial Photographs coupled with the old and present topographical maps are used to map the flood affected areas of emphemeral streams around Mahilpur in Hoshiarpur district of Punjab State. These streams have their origin in the Sub-mountainous zone of Siwaliks in Punjab and being turbulent in nature are the main cause of Soil erosion in the Siwaliks. In the plains such streams spread out and deposit large amount of sand eroded from the Siwaliks over fertile lands resulting them unproductive. An endeavour has been made by the authors to delineate and study the past and present flood affected areas of these ephemeral streams in the light of flood protection measures; Soil conservation measures; and improved agricultural practices adopted by the State Government and the individual inhabitants of the area.     

Rainfall-induced landslide susceptibility assessment at the Chongren area (China) using frequency ratio,certainty factor,and index of entropy

The main objective of the study was to evaluate and compare the overall performance of three methods, frequency ratio (FR), certainty factor (CF) and index of entropy (IOE), for rainfall-induced landslide susceptibility mapping at the Chongren area (China) using geographic information system and remote sensing. First, a landslide inventory map for the study area was constructed from field surveys and interpretations of aerial photographs. Second, 15 landslide-related factors such as elevation, slope, aspect, plan curvature, profile curvature, stream power index, sediment transport index, topographic wetness index, distance to faults, distance to rivers, distance to roads, landuse, NDVI, lithology and rainfall were prepared for the landslide susceptibility modelling. Using these data, three landslide susceptibility models were constructed using FR, CF and IOE. Finally, these models were validated and compared using known landslide locations and the receiver operating characteristics curve. The result shows that all the models perform well on both the training and validation data. The area under the curve showed that the goodness-of-fit with the training data is 79.12, 80.34 and 80.42% for FR, CF and IOE whereas the prediction power is 80.14, 81.58 and 81.73%, for FR, CF and IOE, respectively. The result of this study may be useful for local government management and land use planning.     

Analysing urban dynamics using multi-temporal satellite images in the case of a mountain area,Sinaia (Romania)

The purpose of this study is to produce an analysis of the urban expansion in the case of a mountain resort in the Romanian Carpathians through the integration of different cartographic and ancillary material in the remote sensing imagery processing. The spatial pattern analysis of the changes underwent by the urban landscape was based on multi-temporal information sources, covering 28 years, which highlighted the major turning points in landscape evolution, meaning industrial development under the communist production planning and residential expansion in recent years. To fully exploit the combination of satellite image processing in IDRISI, the manual image classification and database interrogation in ArcGis, we used a uniform grid, representing a set of vector data for each year available from the Landsat image archive. The image comparison was completed by using appropriate quantitative techniques. In conclusion the urban landscape evolution was linked to the socio-economic context. At a historic scale the main phenomenon identified is the concentration of mass tourism facilities, located in contiguity to a protected area, a situation reflected in the constant fragmentation of surfaces covered with vegetation at the urban fringe. In the digital earth science, the interplay between mountain ecosystems and human activities encompasses a key role in the management of viable mountain landscapes.     

插值算子H_（nr）（f，z）的一致逼近阶

本文分别对ｎ次单位根和Ｆｅｊｅｒ点引进一种有理型插值算子Ｈｎｒ（ｆ，ｚ）（ｒ≥１），然后给出该算子关于ｆ（ｚ）的一致逼近阶。     

雪热力模型(SNTHERM)在冰沟流域的模拟和敏感性试验

采用基于质能平衡的积雪过程模型—雪热力模型(Snow Thermal Model, SNTHERM.89）来描述和模拟2008年中国甘肃省黑河实验冰沟流域的积雪过程与积雪特性参数,并将模型模拟的雪水当量与高级微波扫描辐射计(AMSR-E）的雪水当量产品进行了对比。模型验证结果表明,SNTHERM模型能准确模拟黑河冰沟流域的积雪变化过程和积雪特性,对积雪的演变特征作出合理的描述,表明SNTHERM在中国黑河冰沟流域有较好的适用性。对SNTHERM模型进行不同驱动气象参数和初始输入参数的敏感性分析的结果表明,积雪特性参数对辐射通量最敏感;各积雪特性参数对各自的初始输入比较敏感,密度则对初始输入的雪深、密度和颗粒大小都比较敏感,表明在需要准确模拟密度的情况下以及进行雪水当量同化工作时,初始输入的雪层深度、密度和颗粒都必须比较准确。