The distribution and standing crops of Antarctic krill in the Prydz Bay region during the austral summer of 1991/1992 and 1992/1993

ＴｈｅｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎａｎｄｓｔａｎｄｉｎｇｃｒｏｐｓｏｆＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃｋｒｉｌｉｎｔｈｅＰｒｙｄｚＢａｙｒｅｇｉｏｎｄｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｅａｕｓｔｒａｌｓｕｍｍｅｒｏｆ１９９１／１９９２ａｎｄ１９９２／１９９３ＣｈｅｎＸｕｅｚｈｏｎｇ（陈雪...     

The influence of air–sea–ice interactions on an anomalous phytoplankton bloom in the Indian Ocean sector of the Antarctic Zone of the Southern Ocean during the austral summer, 2011

An anomalous phytoplankton bloom was recorded in the Indian Ocean sector of the Antarctic Zone (AZ) of the Southern Ocean (SO) during the austral summer, 2011. Possible mechanisms for the triggering of such a large bloom were analyzed with the help of in situ and satellite data. The bloom, which formed in January 2011, intensified during February and weakened by March. High surface chlorophyll (Chl) concentrations (0.76 mg m⁻³) were observed in the area of the bloom (60°S, 47°E) with a Deep Chlorophyll Maximum (DCM) of 1.15 mg m⁻³ at a depth of 40–60 m. During 2011, both the concentration and spatial extent of sea ice were high on the western side of the bloom, between 0°E and 40°E, and enhanced freshwater influx was observed in the study area as a result of melting ice. A positive Southern Annular Mode (SAM) (with a resultant northward horizontal advection) and an intense La Niña during 2010–2011 are possible reasons for the high sea-ice concentrations. The enhanced Chl a observed in the study region, which can be attributed to the phytoplankton bloom, likely resulted from the influx of nutrient-laden freshwater derived from melting sea ice.     

Reproductive characteristics of Antarctic Krill，Euphausia superba Dana，in the Prydz Bay region

ＲｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｖｅｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃＫｒｉｌｌ,ＥｕｐｈａｕｓｉａｓｕｐｅｒｂａＤａｎａ,ｉｎｔｈｅＰｒｙｄｚＢａｙｒｅｇｉｏｎＺｈｏｎｇＸｕｅｆｅｎｇ（仲学锋）ａｎｄＷａｎｇＲｏｎｇ（王荣）（Ｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔ...     

Species composition and quantitative variation of zooplankton in the Great Wall Bay and its adjacent waters，Antarctica

ＳｐｅｃｉｅｓｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎａｎｄｑｕａｎｔｉｔａｔｉｖｅｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎｏｆｚｏｏｐｌａｎｋｔｏｎｉｎｔｈｅＧｒｅａｔＷａｌｌＢａｙａｎｄｉｔｓ　ａｄｊａｃｅｎｔｗａｔｅｒｓ，ＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａＨｕａｎｇＦｅｎｇｐｅｎｇ（黄凤鹏）ａｎｄ...     

The biogeochemistry of carbon cycle in summer of the Prydz Bay, Antarctic Ⅰ:Characteristics of DOC distribution

The distributions and changes of dissolved organic carbon in the Prydz Bay and out open sea were investigated during CHINARE-15 (the 15th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition). The results showed that the content of DOC was higher in the Prydz Bay and outer open sea compared to those typical of surface oceanic levels (70- 80 μM), average content of DOC in the surface water was 102.32 μM, the range was 68.23- 125.92 μM. The vertical distribution of DOC in the water column was similar to many ocean sites, that is to say, the content of upper water is higher than deep water, a subsurface maximum persisted between 25- 50 m. The DOC pool in the Prydz Bay were consisted with labile, semi-labile and refractory pools, in which refractory pools was mainly part. The concentration of refractory DOC was 92.34 and 76.89 μM in Prydz Bay and outer open sea, and account 77% and 82% for total DOC, respectively.     

Study on the distribution,abundance and growth condition of Antarctic Krill(Euphausia superba)in the Prydz Bay region,Antarctica during the Austral summer of 1999/2000

Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) were collected from the Prydz Bay region during the austral summer of 1999/2000. The sample - collection was made at 15 sites in 3 longitudinal transects. Although krill were encountered at 14 sites, the abundance was comparatively low in general. The main component of the krill population was of post -larval stages. The mean numerical and weight density of krill integrated for all sampling stations in the survey area were 16. 17 ind. 1000 m -3and 12.02 g 1000 m -3 , respectively. In the survey area, stations with larger krill density are mainly located in the slope zone, except that the largest sample was collected in the open sea zone. No krill occurred in the only station of the shelf zone during our investigation. Krill collected from the slope zone were under better growth condition than those from the open sea zone, but when the survey area is considered as a whole, the growth condition is normal. The results of the comprehensive analysis of the environmental fa     

A condition for the formation of Antarctic Bottom Water in Prydz Bay， Antarctica

ＡｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｆｏｒｔｈｅｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｏｆＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃＢｏｔｔｏｍＷａｔｅｒｉｎＰｒｙｄｚＢａｙ，ＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａＬｉａｎｇＸｉａｎｇｓａｎ（梁湘三）（ＳｅｃｏｎｄＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＯｃｅａｎｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，ＳＯＡ，Ｈａｎｇ...     

Zonal variations in abundance and body length of chaetognaths in the 140°E seasonal ice zone during the austral summer of 2001/02

Time-series observations of chaetognaths were carried out during four cruises along the 140°E transect between 61°S and 66°28′S from November to March in the 2001/02 austral summer. Three species – Eukrohnia hamata, Sagitta gazellae and Sagitta marri – occurred in the samples between 0 and 150 m. E. hamata was the most dominant species comprising between 89.6 and 100% of the chaetognath population, followed by S. gazellae (0–5.7%). There were large differences in the abundance and size frequency distribution of body length of E. hamata between the north and south of the Southern Boundary of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (SB-ACC) which was located between 64°S and 65°S. For E. hamata, low abundance and large sized animals (22–24 mm) occurred south of the SB-ACC. A possible reason could be that the breeding season in waters north of the SB-ACC may be early spring and summer. On the other hand, low reproduction was recognized by low the abundance of E. hamata and few occurrences of juveniles south of the SB-ACC (65°S). The result of a general comparison suggests that the abundance of chaetognaths along the 140°E transect has decreased during the 20 years since 1983.     

A study on nano－ and microdiatoms in the intertidal zones of Zhongshan Station，Antarctica

Ａｓｔｕｄｙｏｎｎａｎｏ－ａｎｄｍｉｃｒｏｄｉａｔｏｍｓｉｎｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｒｔｉｄａｌｚｏｎｅｓｏｆＺｈｏｎｇｓｈａｎＳｔａｔｉｏｎ，ＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａＺｈｕＧｅｎｈａｉ（朱根海）；ＬｕＤｏｕｄｉｎｇ（陆斗定）ａｎｄＷａｎｇＺｉｐａｎ（王自磐）（Ｓ...     

A Study of Foraminifera in the core NP93－2 from the prydz Bay， Antarctica

涂霞，郑范ＡＳｔｕｄｙｏｆＦｏｒａｍｉｎｉｆｅｒａｉｎｔｈｅｃｏｒｅＮＰ９３－２ｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｐｒｙｄｚＢａｙ，Ａｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａ￥ＴｕＸｉａａｎｄＺｈｅｎｇＦａｎＡｌｓｏｕｔｈＣｈｉｎａＳｅａＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅＯｆＯｃｅａｎｏｌｏｇｙ，Ｃｈｉｎｅ...     

Distribution and structure of zooplankton communities in the austral summer in the Prydz Bay, Antarctica

As a structure linking the ecosystem and population, community plays an important role in the marine ecology. Abundance of different species and development stages were used in our classification to the sampling stations with clustering analysis and multi dimension scaling, through which three geographic communities were marked out, respectively as following: the Salp community characterized by presence of Salp thompni in the northern area, the Near shore community by Euphausia crystallorophias in the south and the main ocean community located between the above two communities. Indicator species method was then carried out between every two communities to find out which species or stages differ most. It tells that Rhincalanus gigas , adult cheatognath, late stages of Metridia gerlachei and calyptopis of Euphausiidae are indicators between Salp and neritic communities, between Krill and Salp communities are Salp thompni , adult and larvae of Cheatognath and R.gigas , and the most notable indicator between the Krill and the neritic communities are E.crystallorophias , then nauplii of Euphausiidae and Onceae conifera with less evidence.     

南极夏季普里兹湾磷虾幼体及纽鳃樽的丰度和分布特征

根据2002年及2006年南大洋普里兹湾浮游动物和环境调查资料,对普里兹湾磷虾幼体及被囊类纽鳃樽的分布和丰度进行了初步研究。结果表明,陆架以北深海水域（水深>1000 m）磷虾幼体主要由长臂樱磷虾Thysanoessa macrura和大磷虾Euphausia superba组成,其中长臂樱磷虾幼体的分布范围更广、丰度更高。2006年与2002年相比海冰回退时间早,测区海水的平均温度和叶绿素a浓度较高,大磷虾及长臂樱磷虾幼体的丰度相对更大,成熟度更高。近岸区域磷虾幼体主要由晶磷虾Euphausia crystallorophias组成,在2002年近岸冰情严重时丰度较小,仅为95.6尾/1000 m3,2006年近岸出现冰间湖时,晶磷虾幼体丰度高达43966.6尾/1000 m3,主要以无节幼体及原蚤状幼体CI期为主。测区纽鳃樽Salpa thompsoni丰度很低,2002年仅在最北部1个站位出现,密度为10个/1000 m3,2006年在陆坡及陆架坡折3个站位出现,平均丰度为146.7个/1000 m3。海冰消融时间、冰间湖、饵料浓度等环境因子对普里兹湾磷虾幼体及纽鳃樽的分布和丰度产生重要影响。     

Upper-ocean hydrodynamics along meridional sections in the southwest Indian sector of the Southern Ocean during austral summer 2007

This paper addresses analysis of surface meteorological and hydrographic data collected along the transects Durban–India Bay, Antarctica (Track-1) and Prydz Bay–Mauritius (Track-2) during February–March 2007 as part of the International Polar Year project (IPY#70). Strong winds (>12 m s⁻¹) resulted in enhanced turbulent heat loss north of 45°S. Whereas a highly stable marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) and strong winds facilitated the release of latent heat of condensation along Track-1, a highly unstable MABL and strong winds resulted in large turbulent heat loss from the sea surface along Track-2, in the 40–45°S belt. The northern and southern branches of Subantarctic Front on both tracks coalesce, while the Agulhas Retroflection Front (AF) and South Subtropical Front (SSTF) merge between 43° and 44°S on Track-2. The southern branch of the Polar Front (PF2) meanders 550 km southward towards the east. The Subtropical Surface Water, Central Water, and Mode Water are located north of 43.5°S, while the Subantarctic Surface Water, Antarctic Surface Water, Antarctic Intermediate Water, and Circumpolar Deep Water are encountered in the region of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). Baroclinic transport relative to 1000 db reveals that the ACC is enhanced by 10 × 10⁶ m³ s⁻¹ eastward, and a four-fold increase in transport occurs south of the ACC. Nearly 50% of the ACC transport occurs in the 100–500 m slab. We discuss the effects of the feedback of AC and hydrological fronts on the MABL.     

Primary productivity and chlorophyll a in Prydz Bay and its mouth in Antarctica during the austral summer of 1999/2000

The investigation of phytoplankton standing stock, euphotic layer and photosynthesis rate were carried out in 19 27 of January, 2000 at three longitudinal sections (70°30′E, 73°00′E and 75°30′E). The results showed that the high value of chlorophyll a concentration was in inshore bay, polynya and the continental slope of the investigated sea area. At various investigated stations, average chlorophyll a concentration at sub surface layer (25 m) was higher than that at surface layer; its concentration at the deeper layers of over 50 m decreased with increasing depth. At anchor station, the maximum chlorophyll a concentration appeared at surface layer in Antarctic summer's afternoon while the minimum value appeared in the morning; chlorophyll a concentration at water layer of 0 25 m was obviously higher than that at deep water layer, being related to the releasing of ice algae. High productivity was in inshore bay and polynya of continental shelf. Chlorophyll a concentration at surface layer is closely correlated to the dissolved oxygen concentration in seawater. The sea area with chlorophyll a concentration of over 1.0 μg/dm 3 may be the convergence of CO 2 and that of below 1.0 μg/dm 3 may be the source of CO 2.     

The distribution feature of size-fractionated chlorophyll a and primary productivity in Prydz Bay and its north sea area during the austral summer

The investigation of size-fractionated chlorophyll a and primary productivity were carried out in three longitudinal sections (63°-69°12'S, 70°30'E, 73°E and 75(30'E) at December 18-26, 1998 and January 12-18, 1999 in Prydz Bay and its north sea area, Antarctica. The results showed that surface chlorophyll a concentration were 0. 16 -3. 99 μg dm-3. The high values of chlorophyll a concentration (more than 3.5 μg dm -3) were in Prydz Bay and in the west Ladies Bank. The average chlorophyll a concentration at sub-surface layer was higher than that at surface layer; its concentration at the deeper layers of 50 m decreased with increasing depth and that at 200 m depth was only 0. 01 -0. 95μg dm -3. The results of size-fractionated chlorophyll a showed that the contribution of the netplanktion to total chlorophyll a was 56% , those of the nanoplankton and the picoplankton were 24% and 20% respectively in the surveyed area. The potential primary productivity at the euphotic zone in the surveyed area wa     

南大洋及相邻温带海域夏季小型浮游动物的摄食作用

小型浮游动物在海洋食物网中扮演着重要的角色。2012年12月—2013年3月,利用稀释培养方法开展了南大洋及温带海域小型浮游动物对浮游植物的摄食实验研究。结果表明,浮游植物的生长率为0.04—0.89 d~(–1),小型浮游动物对浮游植物的摄食率为0.07—1.29 d~(–1)。浮游动物日摄食量占浮游植物现存量的6.4%—72.5%,对浮游植物初级生产力的摄食压力也较大,为14%—776.9%。尽管本实验中浮游动物的摄食率可能被高估,但在南大洋及温带海域生态系统中,小型浮游动物对浮游植物仍具有重要的调控作用。     

Bacterial productivity in the Prydz Bay and its adjacent waters, Antarctic

Bacterial productivity was measured using 3H-thymidine methods in the Prydz Bay and its adjacent waters in the Southern Ocean during the 16th National Antarctic Research Expedition of China (CHINARE). The results showed that bacterial productivity in our study areas ranged from 4.5 to 191 ngC·dm -3·h -1, with an average of 50.4 ngC·dm -3·h -1. These values were comparable to those reported for the Ross Sea. The mean ratio of bacterial productivity to primary productivity in our study areas was 41%. The general characteristics in the vertical profiles showed a subsurface maximum at most of the stations, which was also consistent with those observed in the other sea areas in the Southern Ocean. The spatial distribution of bacterial productivity and dissolved organic carbon in the surface waters showed that their variations were inversely correlative. The relationship among bacterial productivity, primary productivity and dissolved organic carbon suggested that bacterial productivity in the Prydz Bay and its adjacent water was influenced mostly by phytoplankton activities and the hydrologic conditions.     

南极普里兹湾营养盐分布特征及季节性消耗

利用中国南极科学考察CHINARE-25/27/29航次获取的普里兹湾营养盐数据,对该海域营养盐的含量分布特征进行了分析,利用水柱T_(min)层的存在估算了夏季的营养盐消耗量(NNU、NPU和NSiU),并对营养盐的吸收比例及结构做了初步探讨。结果显示,普里兹湾营养盐空间分布呈现明显的区域特征,上表层水营养盐浓度分布表现为冰架边缘区陆架区深海区的区域性特征。夏季普里兹湾受到浮游植物旺发的影响,湾内营养盐(NO_3-N、PO4_-P和SiO_3-Si)的消耗值相对湾外较高。营养盐吸收比值的变化表明,NSiU/NNU比值由湾内向湾外呈现升高的特征,与叶绿素a具有相反的分布趋势,推测这一现象与湾内陆架区铁的供应要高于湾外深海区有关。本文对营养盐结构与变化的探讨,将有益于进一步深入了解南极普里兹湾各生源要素的循环过程,为预测未来南极浮游群落结构的演变提供依据。     

The chemical characteristics of seawater in the Prydz Bay,Antarctica

ＴｈｅｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｓｅａｗａｔｅｒｉｎｔｈｅＰｒｙｄｚ　Ｂａｙ，ＡｎｔａｒｃｔｉｃａＷａｎｇＹｕｈｅｎｇ（王玉衡）；ＤｅｎｇＨｅｎｇｌｉｎｇ（董恒霖）ａｎｄＲｅｎＤｉａｎｙｏｎｇ（任典勇）（ＳｅｃｏｎｄＩｎｓｔｉ...