浅覆盖区基于ASTER 数据的蚀变矿物识别方法

国内外提取蚀变矿物的报道中,多数采用高光谱数据(图像和光谱曲线),而这两者具有数据价格昂贵和大范围进行反演蚀变矿物比较困难的缺点.ASTER在短波红外和热红外波段时刻画岩石中矿物成分具有一定的优势.本文选择内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗北部地区为研究区域,尝试用ASTER图像进行蚀变矿物识别的研究,并给出了对五种常见矿物提取的主成分分析方法.通过对提取结果的实地调查验证发现,本文所给方法对铁氧化物(褐铁矿和赤铁矿等)、绿泥石、高岭石等蚀变信息提取效果很好,鉴于伊利石和明矾石均以K~+、Al~(3+)和OH~-离子为主要成分,对区分二者的效果并不明显.     

ASTER遥感数据蚀变遥感异常提取研究

基于ETM+/TM数据提取矿化蚀变遥感异常已趋于成熟,而利用ASTER(先进星载热发射和反射辐射仪)遥感数据提取矿化蚀变遥感异常鲜有报道.本研究利用USGS波谱数据库中典型蚀变矿物反射率数据,重建其在ASTER数据中波谱曲线.研究表明,ASTER遥感数据可以提取Mg-OH、Al-OH、CO32-和Fe3+离子(基团)信息.热液矿床的蚀变围岩通常含有上述4种离子(基团),它们的波谱特征是蚀变遥感异常提取的理论依据.本研究利用改进"去干扰异常主分量门限技术流程",以河北省承德地区和太行山区为例,上述离子(基团)信息提取结果与野外实际分布相一致,表明利用ASTER遥感数据提取上述4种离子(基团)信息是可靠的.     

青海沱沱河地区遥感蚀变信息提取

青海沱沱河位于西南“三江”成矿带的西北端, 具有优越的成矿地质背景和巨大成矿潜力, 已发现一批大中型以上规模的铅、锌、银、铜找矿靶区.沱沱河地区属于高寒区, 野外地质工作难于开展, 因此在该地区开展遥感找矿的研究是一种经济、便捷、有效的勘查手段.在ENVI软件的支持下, 根据与蚀变矿物组合相关的波谱特征, 利用掩膜+主成分分析+色度调整(MPH) 的方法从TM多光谱影像中提取与金属矿化有关的铁染与羟基蚀变遥感信息异常, 并结合地质资料, 区划成矿远景区和圈定找矿靶区, 取得了很好的应用效果.      

多光谱遥感蚀变信息提取新方法研究

文章以青海巴音山多金属矿化区为例,将高光谱数据处理方法运用于多光谱遥感数据中提取矿化蚀变信息.利用该区域的Landsat7 ETM遥感影像和标准光谱库中的特征蚀变矿物光谱为基本数据,借鉴已知矿物标准中的吸收谷特征,应用光谱特征匹配技术进行吸收谷谱区间和吸收谷深度对比,通过比较两者的相似性,达到提取蚀度矿物的目的,提取出许多有价值的似蚀变带遥感信息.结果证明了该方法在多光谱遥感矿化蚀变信息提取应用中的可行性,同时取得了较为满意的效果.     

基于ASTER数据的遥感蚀变信息提取——以西天山穆龙套地区为例

西天山是"丝绸之路经济带"和"亚洲金腰带"的核心区和重要组成部分, 世界级的穆龙套金矿床是西天山成矿带内最重要的金矿床之一.作者将前人成果与自身研究结果结合, 形成该篇以穆龙套地区为例的基于ASTER数据的遥感蚀变信息提取的论文.含碳质细碎屑岩是穆龙套地区的溶矿岩层, 矿体受韧性-韧脆性断裂系统的严格控制.穆龙套地区热...     

新疆东戈壁地区高光谱遥感蚀变特征及找矿分析

针对新疆东戈壁地区还未开展高光谱遥感方面的相关研究问题,提出利用地面和航空高光谱遥感蚀变异常特征,进行蚀变异常带分析及找矿应用的工作思路,系统剖析蚀变矿物异常特征,圈定蚀变带,野外查证新发现多金属矿化线索,取得较好的找矿应用效果。东戈壁地区周边分布有较多的铁及多金属矿床、矿点,成矿地质条件优越,且属准平原状的丘陵地貌,植被覆盖少,基岩裸露好,围岩蚀变发育,具备开展地面和航空高光谱测量的地质和自然地理条件,可获取高质量的高光谱遥感数据并为找矿勘查服务。文章选择新疆东天山成矿带的东戈壁地区,利用FieldSpec Pro FR地面波谱数据和HyMap航空高光谱遥感数据,解析地面各地质体所反映的蚀变矿物异常特征,系统剖析褐铁矿+赤铁矿、绢云母、绿泥石、角闪石等蚀变矿物的异常分布规律和反映的地质意义,综合区域地质特征和成矿规律,圈定高光谱遥感蚀变带,开展蚀变带的野外查证,新发现赋存于石英岩化(含)铁碧玉岩、变细碧岩、石英脉体中的铁、钼等多金属矿化,结合地质、蚀变矿物特征,初步预测东戈壁地区具有形成火山-沉积-后期热液改造型铁矿床、石英脉型钼矿床的成矿潜力,后期应开展以钼、铁矿为主的资源评价,重点开展石英岩化(含)铁碧玉岩、变细碧岩、石英脉体与褐铁矿+赤铁矿、绢云母、绿泥石、角闪石等蚀变矿物叠加地段的地质找矿。高光谱遥感技术可以快速获取异常信息和精确定位矿化异常信息部位,可发现较好的多金属矿化线索,为东戈壁地区下一阶段地质找矿和资源评价提供依据。     

基于ASTER数据的遥感蚀变信息提取——以内蒙古万合永火山盆地为例

应用ASTER遥感影像数据对内蒙古万合永火山盆地进行了铁染、羟基蚀变信息提取研究,结果显示已知矿化点、异常点（带）与提取的铁染异常吻合度较低,而与羟基异常匹配很好,面状、线状蚀变多分布于满克头鄂博组环形构造内部、多组断裂交汇部位以及夹持区,主干断裂周围。另外,在（花岗）闪长岩区域也提取到大面积羟基异常。结合研究区地质资料,圈定出四处找矿有利地段,指出了下一步工作重点。     

内蒙古乌拉特中旗294地区遥感蚀变异常信息提取研究

294地区位于内蒙古中部地槽褶皱系宝音图隆起北东端,是重要的多金属成矿区。研究工作运用遥感技术,结合野外调查资料,对该区围岩蚀变异常信息进行了提取和分析。结果显示,铁染、羟基蚀变异常遥感信息分布于断裂构造的旁侧,以NE向、近EW向呈带状分布,并且与已知矿床(点)具有很好的吻合性。从而证明蚀变异常遥感信息能够指示出成矿的潜在部位,对进一步找矿勘查具有指导作用。     

巴基斯坦山达克矿区ASTER遥感数据蚀变信息提取及找矿预测

巴基斯坦查盖火山岩浆岩带属于特提斯成矿域的重要组成部分之一,是巴基斯坦境内最重要的斑岩型铜矿带,但目前其相关的遥感研究还较少,制约了对该成矿带的找矿潜力分析。本文以山达克矿床及其周边为研究区,对先进星载热辐射与反射辐射计(Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer, ASTER)数据进行RBD (Relative absorption band depth)比值假彩色合成、主成分分析、光谱角制图等处理,获得蚀变遥感异常信息分布特征,通过对蚀变特征和主要控矿要素进行遥感研究,建立了山达克矿床遥感找矿模型并开展成矿预测,为该成矿带矿产勘查提供借鉴。根据建立的遥感找矿模型,圈定了找矿预测靶区10处。对矿区东矿体和矿区北部的2个靶区进行野外验证,证实了提取结果与实际地质事实吻合较好,对矿区岩石样品进行光谱实测,表明样品实测光谱曲线与标准矿物光谱曲线的吸收特征位置高度相似,证实了研究区绢云母化、青磐岩化等蚀变较强且分布较广。结果表明本次研究提取的矿化蚀变结果可信度较高,可为后续找矿勘查工作提供参考。     

基于光谱变异的遥感岩矿蚀变信息提取

岩矿蚀变是最重要的地质现象之一,在地质找矿与地质成生环境分析等地质应用领域都具有重要的指示意义.本文基于遥感地质应用的专属性,主要分析了热液蚀变矿物与原矿物光谱之间的关联与变化.在此基础之上,选择新疆贝克滩地区多光谱(ETM+)数据,利用小波包分解技术提取矿化蚀变信息.最终分析矿物蚀变光谱效应研究在多光谱和高光谱地质应用的重要性,探讨蚀变矿物光谱效应在遥感深层次地质挖掘中可能性.     

Hydrothermal Alteration Mapping in Northern Khur, Iran, Using ASTER Image Processing: a New Insight to the Type of Copper Mineralization

Eastern Iran has great potential for the discovery of different types of mineralization. The study area encompasses Tertiary magmatism in the northern Lut block located in northern Khur, South Khorasan, eastern Iran and is mostly covered by volcanic rocks, which are intruded by porphyritic subvolcanic intrusions in some places. Application of the spectral angle mapper (SAM) technique to Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) images detected sericitic, argillic, and propylitic alterations, silicification, and secondary iron oxides. The alteration is linear and associated within vein-type mineralization. Twelve prospective areas are selected for detailed exploration and based on our processing results, in addition to NW-SE faults, which are associated with Cu mineralization indications, NE-SW faults are also shown to be important. Based on the presence of subvolcanic rocks and numerous Cu ± Pb-Zn vein-type mineralizations, extensive alteration, high anomaly of Cu and Zn (up to 100 ppm), the age (43.6 to 31.4 Ma) and the initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio (0.7047 to 0.7065) of the igneous rocks, and the metallogenic epoch of the Lut block (middle Eocene-lower Oligocene) for the formation of porphyry Cu and epithermal deposits, the studied area shows great potential for porphyry copper deposits.     

Application of Principal Component Analysis and Spectral Angle Mapper in the Mapping of Hydrothermal Alteration in the Jebal–Barez Area,Southeastern Iran

The southeastern part of the central Iranian Cenozoic magmatic belt contains many areas with copper mineralization. In an analysis of this region, we used the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) and Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM⁺) images to map the distribution of hydrothermally altered rocks, based on their mineral assemblages. The spectral measurements, based on the field samples and satellite‐image‐derived spectra, show dominantly Al–OH (sericite and clays) and Fe–O absorption features in the visible–near infrared to shortwave infrared regions of the spectrum. Silica–bearing rocks, as well as silicic alteration, show an intense Si–O vibrational feature in the thermal infrared wavelength region. We analyzed ASTER/ETM⁺ images, performed a directed principal component analysis, and used spectral angle mapper to map areas of hydrothermal alteration and iron oxide/hydroxide minerals. The individual principal component images compiled by directed principal component analysis reveal the distribution of individual alteration minerals such as sericite, kaolinite, chlorite, epidote, and quartz. The best results, in terms of mapping the distribution of alteration, were obtained using the spectral angle mapper method. The altered areas were then sampled and the samples subjected to X–ray diffraction analysis, spectral analysis, and thin sections were observed under a microscope. Field observations reveal that more than 98% of the known copper mineralization occurs within the interpreted alteration areas. The present results indicate the great potential of ASTER and ETM⁺ data for mapping the distribution of alteration and exploring for copper mineralization in areas with a similar climate and geological setting to those of the present study.     

内蒙古东乌旗奥尤特铜矿床的成矿时代

奥尤特铜矿床位于内蒙古东部东乌旗地区,是二连-东乌旗成矿带最为典型的铜矿床之一,矿床赋存于侏罗纪一套陆相火山岩和次火山岩中,容矿岩石主要为火山角砾岩、含砾熔结凝灰岩、流纹岩及流纹斑岩。本文选取矿区出露的含矿石英脉,进行了石英~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar法同位素年龄测定,结果表明,奥尤特铜矿床的成矿时代为187.11±3.50Ma。     

内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗1017 高地银铅锌矿床成因浅析

[摘要]内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗是我国重要的金、银、铜、铅、锌、钨、钼多金属成矿区,在阿查哈德岩 体内及周围有大量的银、铅、锌矿体,大部分位于岩体的外接触带上。1017 高地矿区的银、铅、锌矿体均 位于岩体内部,通过在该区开展地质工作,对成矿环境及矿体特点进行分析,初步认为矿区内的二长花 岗岩为多金属矿体的形成提供了主要物质,岩体由于冷凝收缩而产生的原生节理为矿液的运移和储存 提供了通道和空间,层节理是主要容矿构造。岩体后期发生了褶皱,矿体遭受改造。对比12 号矿体与7 号矿体的空间位置,预测在2 号矿体的北西3km 处是一处成矿条件较好的位置。     

内蒙东乌珠穆沁旗成矿带多金属成矿规律与找矿方向

内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗多金属成矿带位于内蒙古锡林郭勒盟东乌珠穆沁旗辖区内,是我国北部重要的银、铅、锌、铜、铁、钨、锡成矿带之一。成矿带内古生界火山-沉积岩地层发育齐全,华力西期至燕山期岩浆岩类型繁多,各时代构造形迹分布广泛,成矿地质环境优越,已发现和圈定各类金属矿床(点)78处。上泥盆统安格尔音乌拉组和石炭系宝力格庙组是本区多金属矿床的主要赋矿地层,华力西至燕山期构造一岩浆活动与多金属矿成矿作用关系十分密切,北东向的深大断裂为主干断裂是导矿构造,控制和限定了成矿带内岩体和多金属矿的分布及产出,北西、北西西和北东向的次级断裂是主要的成矿、容矿构造。北西、北西西向构造与北东向主干断裂交汇地段以及中酸性侵入体内部、边部、接触带是本区最主要的多金属找矿的有利部位。     

内蒙古东乌旗瓦窑地区奥陶纪铜山组沉积时代及构造环境判别

铜山组作为内蒙古北疆兴安地层区早古生代的沉积记录,其沉积环境、成岩时代及构造环境的研究是认识兴蒙造山系早期构造演化的理想窗口。对出露于内蒙古东乌旗瓦窑地区的奥陶纪铜山组进行沉积序列、沉积相及沉积物特征研究,结果显示铜山组为一套陆源碎屑浊积岩。首次获得铜山组中夹层凝灰岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为458.5±2.6Ma,显示其沉积时代为中奥陶世—晚奥陶世早期。碎屑岩地球化学分析揭示,铜山组物源区主要具活动大陆边缘和大陆岛弧特征。结合区域地质资料,推测其为活动大陆边缘环境下浊积扇沉积的产物。     

A Comparative Study of Landsat‐7 and Landsat‐8 Data Using Image Processing Methods for Hydrothermal Alteration Mapping

Comparing spaceborne satellite images of Landsat‐8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Landsat‐7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM+) was undertaken to investigate the relative accuracy of mapping hydrothermal alteration minerals. The study investigated the northern part of Rabor, which contains copper mineralization occurrences, and is located in the Kerman Cenozoic magmatic assemblage (KCMA), Iran. Image processing methods of band ratio, principal component analysis (PCA), and spectral angle mapper (SAM) were used to map the distribution of hydrothermally altered rocks associated with the porphyry copper mineralization. The band ratio combination of both sensors for mapping altered areas showed similar outcomes. PCA exposed variations in the spatial distribution of hydroxyl‐bearing minerals. The representation of hydrothermal areas using OLI data was more satisfactory than when using ETM+ data. SAM analysis found similar results for mapping hydroxyl‐bearing zones. Verification of the results came through ground investigation and laboratory studies. Rock samples (n = 56) were collected to validate results using thin sections, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and spectral analyses. Field observations and laboratory analysis revealed that phyllic and propylitic alterations dominate the alteration zones in the study area. Argillic and iron oxides/hydroxides alterations were observed to a lesser degree. The results indicate that alteration maps prepared by OLI data using PCA for visual interpretation are more suitable than those of ETM+ due to a higher radiometric resolution and lower interference between vegetation and altered areas. As the spectral bandwidth of ETM+ band 7 covers absorption feature of propylitic alteration, better mapping of propylitic alterations is achieved using ETM+ data.     

内蒙古东乌旗泥盆纪塔尔巴格特组凝灰岩锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗地区是中国北方造山带内泥盆系最为发育地区之一。前人运用古生物化石确定了该区泥盆纪地层的相对年代,但缺少精确的同位素年龄。本文采用LA-ICP-MS测年技术,对发育在泥盆纪塔尔巴格特组上部的凝灰岩夹层进行了锆石U-Pb同位素测年,获得~(206)Pb/~(238)U加权平均年龄为380.8±1.6 Ma(MSWD=2.7),确定其时代为晚泥盆世早期,为本区泥盆系提供了精确的年代学数据。结合古生物化石组合资料,将塔尔巴格特组时代确定为中泥盆世吉维特期—晚泥盆世弗拉期。     

内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗京格斯台碱性花岗岩年龄及意义

东乌珠穆沁旗京格斯台碱性花岗岩出露于中蒙边界附近的京格斯台地区,1.20万区域地质调查归之于华力西晚期(K γ3(2)4)和印支期(γ15)侵入体,是兴蒙造山带南带碱性花岗岩的一部分.该岩石具高硅、富碱、准铝、贫镁钙的特点,SiO2含量为74.8%～78.7%,K2O＞Na2O,全碱含量大于8.0%,属于过碱性和碱性花岗岩类(PAG).岩石稀土总量偏低,轻重稀土元素分馏程度不明显,(La/Yb)N值0.898.84～5.168,6Eu为0.07～0.89,铕强烈亏损.为后造山伸展环境下的产物.采用单颗粒锆石U-Pb同位素稀释法测定京格斯台碱性花岗岩的年龄,206Pb/238U表面年龄加权平均值为(284.8±1.1)Ma.为早二叠世岩浆活动的产物.