渤海湾区域应变应力场演化特征

根据渤海湾区域1999~2013年多期GPS站点速率资料,以营潍断裂带为界分为东西两个地块计算运动参数,求解主应变率和断裂带的应变率。基于应变率计算结果研究了区域应变-应力场。结果表明,1999~2011年渤海湾区域地壳整体受北东东-南西西向压应力和北北西-南南东向张应力作用,2011~2013年区域地壳压应力主方向为近南北向,张应力主方向呈近东西向,致使这一变化的主要原因是2011年日本3.11大地震。渤海湾区域不同地段的应力也存在差异,局部性变化明显。营潍断裂带不同时段的正应变率和剪应变率亦不同,1999~2011年为右旋剪应变-剪应力作用,2011~2013年为左旋剪应变-剪应力作用。     

主应力方向与大小对断层水平活动影响的计算

计算发现,主应力方向和大小不同时,断层活动的方式不同,与主应力方向交角(θ_0)为65.2°至61.3°(β_0为24.8°至28.7°)时,断层克服摩擦阻力而滑动所需差应力△σ_0最小。△σ值越大,可滑动的断层范围(△θ=θ_1-θ_2)也越大。θ_1与θ_2以θ_0为对称,其极限为40.4°和90(β的极限为49.6°和0°)。接近或大于此极限值的断层是地震破裂断层。北京附近的这类断层是八宝山断层和南口——孙河断层,它们是重点监视目标。     

东北地区近期水平形变应变场研究

根据2011年和2013年东北地区GPS观测资料计算得到的地壳水平运动场和连续主应变场,研究了东北地区地壳运动特征和应变应力状态, 求解块体运动参数,计算东北主要断裂带的错动速率和断层应变应力状态,分析断裂带活动性。研究表明,2011～2013年期间,东北地区东部运动规律性相对较好,且东部运动场收敛于珲春-龙井一带,向东位移;中部和西部运动场一致性较弱,位移方向相对分散。主应变反映出,东北地区2011～2013年主压应力轴优势方向为NE55°。两个水平主应变轴都缩短的挤压区分布面积较小,两个主应变轴都伸长的拉张区次之,最小主应变轴缩短的区域和最大主应变轴伸长的区域所占比重最大。该时段Ms≥5.0地震集中在2013年,地震多发生在运动方向转折带附近及挤压-剪切活动区,最大的5.8级地震发生在不同运动区交界带和挤压作用相对强烈的构造带。     

北京地区八宝山-黄庄-高丽营断裂的活动与地震

根据八宝山-黄庄-高丽营断裂第四纪地质构造活动特征和利用首都圈地区跨断层位移最新的观测资料求得的北京地区区域主压应力方向和区域构造活动特征。分析了八宝山-黄庄-高丽营断裂上7处跨断层位移测点的断层活动与地震活动的关系,得出了首都圈及邻近地区即将进入下一个地震活跃期的结论。认为：1）跨断层位移观测资料能够直接反映区内主要断层的最新活动情况;2）断层现今活动与地震活动在时间序列上相互对应,均有活跃期与平静期相互交替出现的活动特征;3）断层活动强弱是区域主压应力强弱的表现,亦是孕震强度的标志。     

日本3·11大震前后首都圈地区跨断层水准的变形特征及成因探讨

以跨断层水准实测资料为基础,分析2011-03-11日本东部Mw9.0大震前后首都圈地区(114°~119°E,39°~41°N)地壳垂向变形特征。通过构建首都圈地区三维有限元模型,初步探讨跨越不同几何结构断层的测线所表现出的变形特征的动力学成因。结果表明:1)首都圈地区跨断层水准资料表现出群体性变形特征,反映相同的断层运动性质;2)NNE-NE向断层的上盘相对下盘垂向下降,NW向断层上盘相对下盘同样垂向下降,表征着首都圈地区NNE-NE、NW向断层受到不同程度的张性应力作用;3)数值模拟给出的不同方向跨断层测线的垂向变化结果同样表现出与实测结果较为一致的断层正断运动性质,即断层上盘相对下盘垂向下降;4)日本Mw9.0大震造成首都圈地区近E-W向的张性应力是产生首都圈地区跨断层水准资料群体性变化的主要原因。     

首都圈地区地壳垂直形变特征及剖面分析

利用首都圈地区4期精密水准复测资料,分别计算2001～2005年、2005～2007年、2007～2014年地壳垂直形变速率,绘制垂直形变速率图并选取部分水准路线绘制剖面图,结合主要断裂分布及活动性,分析首都圈地区形变趋势。结果显示,前两个时间段内首都圈地区形变特征以趋势性运动为主,呈现东西升、南北降的特征;最新一期数据表明,东西部形变出现趋势性转折,尤其是张家口渤海构造带出现大幅下沉,预示了该区域应力场变化呈现加强态势。     

四川芦山地震区域构造环境与构造应力场特征

2013年4月20日四川省雅安市芦山县发生Ms7.0级地震,这是继汶川地震后发生在龙门山断裂带上的又一次强震。在介绍芦山地震的基本特征及发震构造环境基础上,利用区域内172个震源机制解资料对区域构造应力场进行了计算,特别对龙门山应力区内各类应力数据的最大主应力方向进行了分析。结果表明:龙门山应力区目前处于近东西向的挤压构造应力环境中;区域最大主应力方向在横向上从巴颜喀拉块体的北东—南西向到龙门山块体的近东西向,再到华南块体的北西西—南东东向,表现为顺时针方向的旋转;区域最大主应力在纵向上从柴达木—秦岭块体的北东东—南西西向到龙门山块体的近东西向,再到川滇块体的北西—南东向,亦表现为顺时针方向的旋转;应力方向在不同块体间的转变,反映了青藏高原东缘巴颜喀拉块体在进行南东向水平运动挤压龙门山地块时,由于受到华南地块特别是四川盆地的强烈阻挡,导致龙门山推覆构造带表现为明显的地壳缩短和山体隆升。     

基于多种形变观测资料分析福建地区形变特征

利用福建区域GPS连续观测资料计算出应变场,由跨断层垂直形变资料计算出形变速率强度累积率,并根据跨断层、体应变等多种形变资料得到各测点压张特性的空间分布.在此基础上,研究了福建区域2005-2006年、2007-2008年、2009-2010年各时期的形变特征.研究结果表明:龙岩-厦门-东山、政海带与沙县南日岛断裂带交...     

龙门山断裂带的性质与活动性研究

沿龙门山构造带两侧，在9个100～500m深的钻孔中进行了水压致裂地应力测量，获得了断裂带两侧地表浅部构造应力的大小、方向和分布特征。据这些实测的应力资料，用库仑摩擦滑动准则分段研究了断裂带的性质和活动性。结果表明：试验得到的摩擦强度(0．6～1．0)似乎适用于浅部断层构造，地壳浅部地应力的大小和方向与断裂的性质及活动性密切相关，应力状态与断裂带的逆冲性质相一致；在断裂带东段的广元地区．中段的平武、汶川和茂县地区，实测的最大水平主应力值达不到逆断层活动要求的临界状态；而西段与鲜水河断裂带、南北向构造带复合部位的二郎山地区，现今构造应力状态比较复杂．实测的最大水平主应力值满足逆断层活动要求的临界状态。     

弹性回跳学说在垂直形变分析中的应用

本文从弹性回跳学说出发,介绍一种分析方法。以唐山大地震为例,处理了1969—1975年唐山市周围区域的水准复测资料。结果表明,震前在发震断裂两侧及其两端存在明显的垂直应变积累。     

Thermohaline structure inhomogeneity associated with polynia at the northern margin of Emery Ice-shelf

Based on the hydrographic data in austral summer during the 22nd Antarctic Expedition of China(2005/2006),some features can be found about the northern margin of Emery ice shelf as follows.The heat content in the surface layer(0-50 m) at the eastern end and the western end of the ice-shelf margin is much higher than that at the middle.The upper mixing-layer depth and the seasonal thermocline depth at the middle of the ice-shelf northern margin are much shallower than those at the both ends.However there is much less difference between the middle and the ends in the bottom layer.The remote sensing photos show that the inhomogeneity in the surface-layer water is closely related to the spatial distribution of the floes and polynia in the area.     

Phylogenetic analysis of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice

Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA of 8 strains of cultivable bacteria isolated from Arctic sea-ice was studied.The results showed that strain BJ1 belonged to genus Planococcus,which was a genus of low mole percent G C gram-positive bacteria;strain BJ6 belonged to genus Burkholderia of β-proteobacteria and the rest 6 strain all belonged to γ-proteobacteria,of which strain BJ8 was a species of Pseudoalteromonas,strain BJ2-BJ5 and BJ7 were members of genus Psychrobacter.Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that bacteria of genus Psychrobacter of the isolates formed a relatively independent phylogenetic cluster in comparison with other bacteria belonged to genus Psychrobacter.     

Information for authors

正1 Aims and Scope Advances in Polar Science(APS)is an international,peer-reviewed journal jointly sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China and the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration.APS is a comprchensive academic journal dedicated to presentation of multi-disciplinary achievements in Arctic and Antarctic expeditions and research.Its primary purpose is to publish achievements in fundamental research,applied     

Advances in Polar Science CONTENTS(Volume 25,2014)

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Guide to Authors： Journal of Mountain Science

<正>AIMS AND SCOPE(Editorial Policy)The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)is devoted to mountains and their surrounding lowlands-ecoregions of particular global importance,with a particular emphasis on the important highlands/mountains in the world,such as the Tibetan Plateau,the Himalayas,the Alps,the Andes,the Rockies and many other mountain ranges of our planet.     

Journal of Mountain Science(JMS)

<正>The Journal of Mountain Science(JMS),founded in2004,is an international English-language journal on mountain sciences.JMS is supervised by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),sponsored by the Chengdu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,CAS,published by Science Press China,and distributed by Springer exclusively throughout the world(excluding Mainland China).The JMS is published bimonthly,fulltexted in SpringerLink and CNKI,indexed/abstracted by     

Influence of livestock soil eutrophication on floral composition in the Pyrenees mountains

Livestock behaviour in the Pyrenees includes free grazing and a long resting period that provokes the accumulation of dung and urine in some places,so-called camping areas. The aims of this study were （i） to analyze any change in floral composition,and in nutritional and chemical contents of plants in a livestock camping area; and （ii） to relate the floral composition with soil chemical properties. In a linear transect,five sampling zones were established,from the centre of the camping area to the surrounding Nardus stricta-dominant pasture. The above ground plant biomass and the topsoil were sampled in each zone with 6 replicates per zone. Plant species were classified and weighed to calculate above ground biomass,nutritional and chemical contents,and Shannon diversity and evenness indices. Additionally,soils were sampled in two periods,at the beginning and at the end of grazing period. Soil available nutrients （nitrate,ammonium,phosphorus,potassium,calcium and magnesium）,total nitrogen,organic carbon and pH were measured.
Plant chemical contents （protein,lignin and others） were significantly related to the proportions of grasses,legumes and other plants; so,the protein content is positively correlated with legumes plant biomass while lignin content is negatively correlated with grasses. Both plant and soil nutrients increased linearly towards the centre of the camping area. However,the relationship among plant species richness,diversity and evenness relative to its position along the studied transect was bell-shaped. From the outskirts to the centre of the camping area,plants with low nutrient demand were progressively replaced by those with medium and high nutrients demand and by pioneers.
Nardus stricta-dominant pasture has low plant diversity and plant nutrient content as well as a poor soil nutrient availability. The presence of the camping area introduced patches with more soil nutrients and new species in the large spatial scale. However at a small spatial scale,the strong soil nutrien     

General Table of Contents(Vol.11,2014)

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介绍GPS定位中的几个概念

文章概略介绍了利用卫星进行定位的原理 ;由卫星信号传播、信号接收和SA政策等引起的理论误差 ;给出了多种快速、高精度定位的工作模式和观测点选择的原则 ;列出了将WGS - 84坐标转换为我国坐标的公式及解算参数的具体方法 ,供读者在GPS工作中参考。