二密铜矿床成矿模式的研究

二密中生代火山岩盆地矿产以铜为主,矿床主要产于盆地中石英闪长岩岩体东段,矿体分布在石英闪长岩内外接触带,均以脉状、细脉状、细脉浸染状、浸染状矿体为主,成群成带分布.从岩体和矿脉原生硫化物同位素测定.显示成矿热液与花岗斑岩、石英闪长岩是统一的硫源.其成矿与岩体侵入作用有关.在研究铜矿床地质特征的基础上,总结了二密铜矿床成矿模式.     

金铜与钨锡矿床与花岗岩的关系

<正>流行的岩浆热液成矿理论认为,钨锡是高温热液矿床,金铜是中温热液矿床,铅锌是低温热液矿床,它们与花岗岩时空和成因有关,可以围绕岩体分布,近岩体处为钨锡,向外为金铜,远处为铅锌。众多矿床实例表明,金铜与钨锡成矿与花岗岩的关系是不一样的。在我国,绝大多数斑岩铜矿的斑岩是埃达克岩(石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩、花岗岩等,以高Sr低Yb为     

铜陵冬瓜山矿床深部斑岩型矿化特征及其与矽卡岩型矿化的关系

冬瓜山铜矿床是铜陵矿集区狮子山矿田中的主要矿床,对于该矿床中斑岩型成矿作用的研究缺乏。本文对冬瓜山矿床深部是否存在斑岩型矿体、斑岩型矿化特征及其与层状矽卡岩型矿化的关系等问题开展研究。冬瓜山矿床深部具有斑岩型矿化的蚀变类型和蚀变分带特征,矿化可分为钾硅酸盐阶段和石英硫化物阶段两个成矿阶段,斑岩型蚀变分带在空间上向外与矽卡岩化带过渡。斑岩型矿化的石英闪长岩形成年龄为140 Ma,与上部层状矽卡岩型矿化相关的石英/辉石二长闪长岩应为同期闪长质岩浆形成。深部斑岩型矿化的成矿流体具有由高温向中温演化的特点,与浅部层状矽卡岩型矿化的成矿流体具有相似的演化趋势,二者的成矿流体应该为一个热液系统,深部岩体内部流体演化形成斑岩型矿化,而接触带部位流体演化形成矽卡岩型矿化。     

智利斑岩型铜矿地质特征及成矿规律

智利斑岩型铜矿闻名全球,世界上最大的丘基卡马塔和特尼恩特斑岩型铜矿就产于此地,主要分布在圣地亚哥-依基克一带,是地震-火山作用和侵入作用特别强烈的地区,成矿时代为拉拉米期（早白垩世-古近纪）.通过对智利斑岩型铜矿区域地质特征和3个典型的斑岩型铜矿床成矿地质条件及矿床地质特征分析,得出智利斑岩型铜矿成矿与多期次岩浆活动密切相关,呈南北纵向成带展布、成群出现,成矿时代新、埋藏浅、储量大.Lowell-Guilbert的斑岩铜矿成矿模式和Hollister的“闪长岩模式”对智利斑岩型铜矿的勘查起了重要的指导作用.     

珲春东部大东南岔金铜矿床地质特征及成因

珲春东部是中国东北地区重要的金铜矿化集中区,发育有小西南岔、农坪及大东南岔等多个金铜矿床。本文在区域地质背景和矿床地质特征研究的基础上,结合区域矿床对比,探讨了大东南岔金铜矿的矿床成因。大东南岔金铜矿床的金铜矿(化)体受北西向、北东向和近南北向断裂破碎带以及东南岔背斜构造控制,呈陡倾斜的含金铜石英脉、金属硫化物细脉及网脉产于海西晚期五道沟群地层、海西晚期石英闪长岩和英云闪长岩以及燕山晚期流纹斑岩和闪长玢岩等脉岩,及它们的接触带附近。以上矿床地质特征及其成矿地质条件,均与区内著名的小西南岔大型斑岩型金铜矿床极其相似,表明大东南岔金铜矿可能为斑岩型金铜矿床,受控于燕山晚期古太平洋板块向东亚大陆的斜向俯冲作用。     

新疆包古图斑岩铜矿III- 2岩体氧逸度研究：来自矿物成分的指示

包古图斑岩铜矿位于新疆西准噶尔地区,是区内规模最大的斑岩型矿床,成矿作用与晚石炭世中酸性侵入体密切相关。III- 2岩体位于矿区南部,该岩体全岩矿化,但品位较低,是探讨成矿岩浆性质的理想对象。本文结合岩石学和角闪石、锆石等矿物成分分析,通过与典型斑岩铜矿进行对比,探讨了成矿岩浆的氧逸度。研究表明,包古图III- 2岩体以石英闪长（玢）岩和闪长岩为主,少量辉石闪长岩,主要由斜长石、角闪石、黑云母、石英和钾长石组成,含少量钛铁矿、榍石和磷灰石。石英闪长岩中早期结晶的自形角闪石属于钙质闪石,Mg#较高（0. 72~1. 00）,成分分析指示成矿岩浆的氧逸度为：△NNO+1. 4~△NNO+2. 6,位于斑岩铜矿含矿岩体的分布范围。从中分选出的锆石REE含量高（338×10-6~959×10-6）,具有左倾型稀土配分模式,轻稀土亏损,重稀土富集,显示强烈Ce正异常和Eu负异常。Ce4+/Ce3+比值为29. 55~89. 50,Eu/Eu*比值为0. 32~0. 47,分布于斑岩铜矿含矿岩体和未矿化岩体的叠加部位。研究结果显示,包古图斑岩铜矿III- 2岩体成矿岩浆氧逸度较高,有利于成矿元素的溶解和迁移,对斑岩铜矿的形成有促进作用。     

坝西铜矿地质地球物理特征及找矿方向

坝西铜矿是东准噶尔琼河坝地区新发现的低品位小型铜矿,为早石炭世与石英闪长岩和石英二长闪长岩有关的斑岩铜矿,成矿年龄为(337±4.1)Ma。矿区地质、地球物理调查结果显示,含矿岩体具向北西侧伏特征。物探成果显示,矿区西北角存在一处较大规模的未封闭异常,该异常成矿地质条件有利,是找矿有利地段。     

我国斑岩铜矿成矿带的划分以及成矿的地质环境

我国已发现的斑岩铜矿床分布在西南部、东部和北部.成矿时代和空间分布上,它们分别是全球性三大斑岩铜矿成矿域——特提斯—喜马拉雅成矿域、环太平洋成矿域和古亚洲成矿域的组成部份;成矿作用同喜山期、燕山期和海西期(可能还有加里东期)构造一岩浆活动有关.在中条山地区还发现有前寒武纪的斑岩铜矿床.我国斑岩铜矿床既有在大陆内部地台区和地槽褶皱系(带)构造—岩浆活化期形成,也有在优地槽演化过程中以及岛弧环境下产生;既有花岗闪长型斑岩铜矿床,也有闪长岩型斑岩铜矿床以及斑岩—矽卡岩共生的铜矿床;既有与岩筒状和岩株状斑岩体侵位有关的矿床,也有受断裂裂隙带和片理化带控制,与岩墙体或岩床休侵位有关的矿床;工业矿体既有主要赋存在成矿斑岩体内部的,也有主要赋存在成矿斑岩体接触围岩中的.     

中条山铜矿峪变石英二长斑岩的锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素特征及其地质意义

中条山铜矿峪斑岩型矿床的成矿斑岩形成时代一直存在争议。本文通过对铜矿峪矿床中变石英二长斑岩的U-Pb年代学研究发现:铜矿峪变石英二长斑岩的36颗锆石的上交点年龄为2121±10Ma,207Pb/206Pb年龄从2065Ma到2196Ma,加权平均年龄为2117±13Ma,这与铜矿峪矿床的Re-Os同位素年龄(2108Ma)在误差范围内一致,暗示了成岩成矿的一致性。锆石的Hf同位素特征显示,样品的εHf(t)值介于-7.79～0.39,显示出斑岩的形成与古老地壳的部分熔融有关。同时,铜矿峪变石英二长斑岩的形成时代与华北地区的一些A型花岗岩,双峰式火山岩等与伸展有关的火成岩的形成时代大体一致,同时也与中条裂谷的活动一致,说明铜矿峪变石英二长斑岩形成于一个伸展的动力学背景下。因此,本文认为铜矿峪矿床是与大陆伸展环境的斑岩型矿床。     

甘肃公婆泉地区铁铜矿床类型及成矿条件分析

公婆泉地区位于甘肃北山褶皱带、公婆泉环形构造西南部。区内矿床(点)受环形构造控制,大多呈环形或弧形分布。矿床类型众多,主要有斑岩型铜矿、石英脉型铜矿、火山热液—沉积型铁矿及火山—热液型铜矿等。与成矿有关的地层(岩体)主要为华力西早期的陆相次火山岩,华力西中期的花岗闪长岩,以及早石炭世和二叠纪的产物。因此,围绕古火山口的环形构造是寻找铜铁矿床的重要标志。     

北祁连天鹿铜矿床砂岩型铜矿石特征

天鹿铜矿床是古生代海相砂页岩型铜矿.其铜矿石主要为粉砂岩型,包括斑铜矿矿石、辉铜矿矿石、辉铜矿斑铜矿矿石、黄铜矿斑铜矿矿石、黄铜矿矿石、黄铁矿黄铜矿矿石等6种自然类型.矿石结构主要为结晶结构和交代结构,矿石构造以浸染状为主.主矿层中的矿化沿岩层垂向具有明显的分带性,从底部到顶板为:斑铜矿→辉铜矿→黄铜矿→黄铁矿,具有典型的化学沉积成因铜的硫化物排列组合特征.这些特点与中国及国外海相砂页岩型铜矿相一致.     

天鹿铜矿床粉砂岩型铜矿石特征

天鹿铜矿床是前陆盆地古生代海相砂页岩型铜矿，铜矿石主要为粉砂岩型，包括辉铜矿矿石、辉铜矿斑铜矿矿石、斑铜矿矿石、黄铜矿斑铜矿矿石、黄铜矿矿石、黄铁矿黄铜矿矿石6种自然类型，矿石结构主要为结晶结构和交代结构，矿石构造以浸染状为主，主矿层中的矿化沿岩层厚度具有明显的垂直分带性，从底部到顶板为：辉铜矿→斑铜矿→黄铜矿→黄铁矿，为典型的化学沉积成因铜的硫化物排列组合特征，上述特点与我国及国外海相砂页岩型铜矿一致。     

新疆铜矿类型与找矿靶区

在分析研究新疆铜矿类型、地质特征、矿区地质构造及找铜潜力的基础上，对进一步的找铜靶区进行了初步预测．新疆铜矿工作程度总体较低，各构造成矿区和类型都有找铜前景，最具潜力和最有希望找到大型铜矿床的是阿尔泰，东、西天山和西昆仑地区斑岩型、海相火山沉积型、斑岩—夕卡岩复合型、海相沉积热液叠加型与铜镍矿化物型的成矿类型．     

Future copper resources

Concerns about future supplies of raw materials demand careful examination of underlying assumptions and data. Flawed deposit information, ignored undiscovered resources and questionable assumptions about future consumption require a new look at copper resources.A careful compilation of 1978 copper-bearing mineral deposits totals 2700 million metric tons of copper including past production—considerably more than reported in previous studies. About 69% of the copper is in porphyry copper deposits and 12% in sediment-hosted copper, Magmatic sulfide (mostly intrusive Ni) deposits account for 5.1%, and IOGC adds about 4.7%. VMS deposits represent 45% of the 1978 deposits but only 4.9% of the copper.The largest 20% of the deposits account for over 92% of the total copper metal. In other words, total Cu content in the smaller 1600 deposits is only about 8% of all Cu known in all deposits. This is a consequence of highly skewed frequency distributions of deposit tonnages and contained metals in all kinds of mineral deposits. This relationship is critical if one is concerned about long-term supply of copper. Typically, distributions of contained metal can be modeled well by the lognormal distribution for individual types of deposits.Information used here and in many other studies on copper includes past production. Total past production through 2015 is about 667 million tons Cu. After subtracting past production from the total copper in known deposits, the remaining unproduced copper from known deposits is 2030 million tons. Known deposits inform us about undiscovered copper resources.Over 80% of known copper is in porphyry copper and sediment-hosted copper deposits. A reliable and robust USGS managed global assessment of 225 tracts for porphyry Cu and sediment-hosted Cu produced an expected value estimate of 3500 million tons Cu in undiscovered deposits. Deposit types not assessed such as IOGC are likely to have significant amounts of undiscovered copper. If the proportion of total Cu accounted for by the two major deposit types assessed is the same proportion in all undiscovered deposits, total Cu expected in these other deposit types would add an additional 850 million tons. The reasonable estimate of copper in undiscovered mineral deposits of 4350 million tons when added to the unmined 2030 million tons in known deposits provides an estimate of 6380 million of tons Cu, which far exceeds estimates published by other researchers.Growth in copper production appears to be exponential over time but appears to be linear with respect to population. Demand for copper is not driven by time, but rather by population and per capita income. Rates of population increases are slowing and incomes in many countries are increasing. Per capita consumption of copper will increase over the coming years as populous nations such as China and India develop increasing per capita incomes, but the demand will likely level off as their economies improve. The large estimated copper resources along with evidence of slowing demand for copper over the long term considerably extend the time of “peak copper” and the long mine life of large deposits means the decline in production after will not be rapid. The focus of copper supply concerns should be on important problems such as improving recovery rates, careful consideration of the benefits and costs of mining very large deposits, technologies to increase exploration success in covered areas and reducing costs of underground mining.     

Biological copper extraction from melting furnaces dust of Sarcheshmeh copper mine

This paper deals with bacterial leaching of copper dust emanating from furnaces at Sarcheshmeh copper complex. Regarding the considerable amount of acid leachable copper, a sulphuric acid leaching process was performed prior to bacterial leaching. Some shake flask and then bioreactor tests were conducted using a mixed culture of Acidithiobacilli and the effect of significant parameters such as culture medium, pulp density and bacterial inoculation rate were investigated. By increasing the pulp density because of higher toxicity and shear stress much more microorganisms and richer nutrient medium were needed. Favoured conditions that governed the agitated bioreactors caused a remarkable promotion in metal dissolution rate in comparison with shake flask. Copper recovery by bacterial leaching in shaking flasks and chemical leaching after 22 d were 87% and 38%, respectively. At the same condition, the maximum copper recovery in bioreactor was 91% within 6.5 d.     

Reaction of soil enzymes and spring barley to copper chloride and copper sulphate

Study was carried out to compare the effect of the degree of contamination of soil with copper on the soil enzyme activity, depending on the type of chemical compound with which a metal reaches the soil and on the method of soil use. An effect of increasing doses of copper on growth and the development of spring barley has been studied. The study was carried out as a pot experiment on two types of soil: loamy sand and light loam. Copper was introduced to soil as copper(II) sulphate(VI) and copper(II) chloride at four doses: 150, 300, 450 and 600 mg Cu²⁺ kg^?1 d.m. of soil. Soil without copper was used as a control sample. The experiment showed that contamination of soil with copper applied as CuCl₂ and CuSO₄·5H₂O upset the homeostasis of soil. Dehydrogenases and urease were the most sensitive to contamination of soil with Cu²⁺, both as copper(II) chloride and as copper(II) sulphate(VI), and acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase were the least sensitive. Greater changes in enzymatic activity were observed in loamy sand than in light loam. The differences in the impact of copper(II) sulphate(VI) and copper(II) chloride on the soil microbiome were relatively small, because mean ED₅₀ for copper(II) chloride was 341 mg Cu²⁺ kg^?1 d.m. of soil, and for copper(II) sulphate(VI) it was 364 mg Cu²⁺ kg^?1 d.m. of soil. This inhibitory effect of copper persisted throughout the period of the experiment. The sensitivity of spring barley to copper compounds was lower than the enzymes under study.     

西藏冈底斯铜矿带甲马夕卡岩型铜多金属矿床与驱龙斑岩型铜矿流体包裹体特征对比研究

对甲马铜多金属矿床流体包裹体研究表明与成矿有关的流体包裹体主要有富液相、富气相和含子矿物多相包裹体三类,包裹体的均一温度范围变化大,从240℃到＞500℃.矿床形成早期干夕卡岩阶段,矿物形成温度大于500℃,湿夕卡岩阶段均一温度区间集中在270℃～360℃之间,该时期为硫化物矿物形成的主要沉淀阶段.矿床的矿物组合、包裹体类型及包裹体激光拉曼探针分析表明成矿流体以高盐度、富含Na、K、Ca、Si、Cl-、SO42-、CO32-等成分为特点,流体来源以岩浆作用为主.甲马矿床属与岩浆作用有关的典型夕卡岩型多金属矿床.根据甲马矿床与附近驱龙斑岩铜矿流体包裹体和同位素特征对比分析,提出二者应属于同一成矿系列.     

五子骑龙矿床——被改造的斑岩铜矿上部带

五子骑龙矿床产于紫金山矿田的一个早白垩世火山管道旁侧。火山管道中充填的英安斑岩向深部逐渐相变为花岗闪长斑岩。由于后期断裂的破坏，该花岗闪长斑岩及其矿化系统被上冲到与五子骑龙矿床相邻的中寮矿床近地表位置，从而形成斑岩型铜矿床－中寮矿床。五子骑龙矿床中，环绕英安斑岩发育明矾石化、迪开石化、埃洛石化和红柱石化蚀变，这些蚀变是改造并叠加早期绢英岩化蚀变的结果。其铜矿石中的铜蓝、硫砷铜矿和蓝辉铜矿，也经常交     

氢化物原子荧光光谱法测定铜精矿及铜矿石中砷的研究

通过对铜精矿及铜矿石中大量铜离子等多种金属离子对原子荧光光谱法测定砷干扰的消除,建立一种适合的溶样方法,选择了最佳的分析条件,克服了普通原子荧光法溶解样品的不足,本方法测定砷的检出限为1μg/g。本方法测定了3个国家一级标准物质中砷的含量,测定值与推荐值吻合,确定方法适合铜含量比较高的样品中砷含量的测定。     

海纹石的宝玉石矿物学特征

对产于多米尼加的海纹石样品进行了矿物学测试和分析.镜下观察显示,海纹石呈致密的纤维状结构,纤维长约0.01～0.02 mm;X射线衍射表明,海纹石样品主要由针钠钙石组成,并未检测到其它杂质成分,与能谱分析结果一致;不同色调的海纹石样品在红外光谱和紫外-可见光吸收光谱上都没有表现出本质的差别.