青海石底泉地区宗务隆构造带花岗闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

对德令哈市石底泉地区宗务隆构造带内花岗闪长岩进行了锆石U-Pb测年和岩石地球化学分析。岩石地球化学分析结果显示,其具有岛弧或活动大陆边缘花岗岩的属性,原岩可能为新元古代早期(870.0±4.5Ma左右)硅铝地壳或地壳物质熔融的产物,它们的形成与板块的俯冲作用有关LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年显示2组年龄,分别为870.0±4.5Ma和443.3±2.3Ma。其中870.0±4.5Ma代表源区继承锆石的年龄,反映了新元古代时期的构造岩浆事件;443.3±2.3Ma代表花岗闪长岩岩浆锆石的结晶年龄,即花岗闪长岩侵位于晚奥陶世。综合分析可以确定,宗务隆构造带内花岗闪长岩与柴达木盆地北缘加里东期的板块汇聚碰撞造山作用有关,证实了宗务隆构造带内岩体形成时代并非全部是海西期一印支期。     

南祁连扎子沟埃达克岩年代学、地球化学特征及地质意义

扎子沟岩体位于南祁连西段党河南山,由石英闪长岩和花岗闪长岩组成.利用LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb法测得花岗闪长岩年龄(450±12)Ma(MSWD=0.23,n=24),侵位时代为晚奥陶世.岩石主量元素显示,SiO2介于58.46％～69.14％,Al2O3介于13.70％～16.6％,MgO介于1.43％～4.31％...     

大兴安岭南段乌兰毛都地区早白垩世花岗闪长岩的岩石成因及构造背景

通过探讨大兴安岭乌兰毛都地区花岗闪长岩的岩石学、年代学及全岩地球化学特征,以确定研究区花岗闪长岩的形成时代、岩石成因及其地球动力学机制.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明研究区花岗闪长岩为早白垩世(132±2 Ma)岩浆作用的产物.全岩地球化学结果显示其具有高硅(SiO2=66.68％ ～68.09％)、低铝(...     

西秦岭德乌鲁岩体成因及地质意义——来自岩石地球化学的证据

西秦岭德乌鲁岩体位于夏河-合作断裂和力士山-围当山断裂之间,寄主岩石以花岗闪长岩为主,石英闪长岩和石英二长闪长岩次之,并含有大量暗色微粒包体(MMEs).对德乌鲁岩体开展了年代学研究,获得的花岗闪长岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为225.9±1.3 Ma,表明该岩体形成于晚三叠世早期,可能与扬子板块与华北板块陆...     

南祁连地区花岗闪长岩体锆石U-Pb测年及其形成构造环境探讨

对南祁连地区日托卡一带花岗闪长岩进行锆石U-Pb定年及全岩分析以确定其形成时代及构造环境.定年结果表明,花岗闪长岩形成于(458±1)Ma,为晚奥陶世.全岩分析,岩石具有偏铝(w(Al2O3)为13.14％～13.79％)和中碱(w(K2O+Na2O)为6.84％～6.93％)特征,属偏铝质钙碱性系列;稀土总量为(397.29～479.89)×10-6,为富集型,L/H值为10.87～12.66,轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损;微量元素Rb、Nb、Sr亏损,Th、Ce富集,表明该岩体的岩浆经历了较强的分异演化.综合花岗闪长岩地质及主微量元素特征,认为花岗闪长岩形成构造环境为由挤压向拉伸转换阶段,属同造山花岗岩.     

青海南山俯冲型侵入体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义

青海南山侵入体岩石类型为二长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩及英云闪长岩,具俯冲型花岗岩类的地球化学特征。通过高精度的LA-ICP-MS(激光剥蚀等离子体质谱)单颗粒锆石微区U-Pb同位素年龄测定,分别在二长花岗岩、花岗闪长岩及英云闪长岩中获得446.1±3.5Ma、447.2±5.3Ma、443.6±8.6Ma的锆石U-Pb年龄值,为成岩年龄,代表了加里东运动在祁连造山带的地质记录。3种不同岩石类型的成岩年龄可能代表了拉脊山造山带向南俯冲的时代。青海南山地区俯冲型侵入体的形成时代及构造环境的确定,对研究拉脊山造山带的构造演化及动力学机制具有重要意义。     

大兴安岭乌奴耳地区石炭纪花岗闪长岩锆石U-Pb年龄及形成地质背景

对乌奴耳地区花岗闪长岩进行的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年和岩石地球化学测试结果表明:花岗闪长岩的锆石U-Pb加权平均年龄为332.6±6.9Ma(MSWD=3.1),时代为早石炭世. 岩石地球化学数据显示,花岗闪长岩属准铝质低钾(拉斑)系列.花岗闪长岩总体富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素. Th、U表现,为明显正异常,Nb、Ta、Zr、Ti表现明显负异常,La、Hf、Lu等富集,δEu值为0.61~0.69,具有负铕异常,与I型花岗岩相似,具有火山弧花岗岩的特征,表明该侵入岩的形成与俯冲作用有关. 综合区域地质特征及本研究认为,花岗闪长岩为早石炭世古亚洲洋俯冲时的产物,可为古亚洲洋及东北地块构造演化研究提供新的约束和佐证实例.     

新疆谢米斯台地区晚古生代俯冲作用:来自塞勒肯特岩体的岩石学、年代学及地球化学证据

塞勒肯特岩体出露于谢米斯台中东部,岩性主要为二长花岗岩、石英闪长岩及花岗闪长岩.本文通过锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素等研究,探讨其形成的构造环境及岩石成因.结果 表明,二长花岗岩(400.9±4.3Ma)和石英闪长岩(398.1±4.5Ma)形成于早泥盆世,花岗闪长岩(381.7±2.9Ma...     

北秦岭板山坪岩体锆石U-Pb年代学及岩石成因研究

板山坪岩体是北秦岭二郎坪群中的侵入岩。为了查明该岩体的成因,对该岩体进行了锆石U-Pb年代学、锆石原位Hf同位素研究以及矿物化学分析等方面的研究。研究结果表明,板山坪岩体岩性组成主要为石英闪长岩和花岗闪长岩,花岗闪长岩内部存在暗色包体。本次研究获得板山坪石英闪长岩锆石U-Pb年龄为442.7～432.2 Ma,花岗闪长岩锆石U-Pb年龄为436.8～432.7 Ma,暗色包体锆石U-Pb年龄为437.6 Ma。锆石¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf值为0.282 737～0.282 736,ε_Hf（t）值集中分布在8.4～9.4之间,二阶段Hf模式年龄（T_DM2）在876～832 Ma之间。石英闪长岩结晶温压分别为673 ℃～745 ℃和0.19～0.54 GPa,花岗闪长岩结晶温压分别为657 ℃～730 ℃和0.48～0.96 GPa,暗色包体结晶温压分别为680 ℃～734 ℃和0.69～1.65 GPa。综合分析认为板山坪岩体为复式岩体,两期结晶年龄分别为496～487 Ma和442～432 Ma。岩石来源于地幔分离出来的新生下地壳。     

江南造山带黟县复式岩体的成因研究

黟县岩体位于江南造山带北东段,是该区侵入新元古代基底中面积最大的复式岩体.本文对黟县岩体开展岩浆岩锆石U-Pb年代学和全岩地球化学分析和研究.该岩体可划分为两个侵入体,岩石类型分别为闪长岩、花岗闪长岩.锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,闪长岩和花岗闪长岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为812±19 Ma和150.6±...     

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.     

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。     

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提     

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.     

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.     

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。     

Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA

The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources.     

滇东南花岗岩与锡、银、铜、铅、锌多金属矿床的成因关系

滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床.     

岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率

在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。     

Bellechester,Minnesota, USA,lagoon collapses

Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×10⁶ 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m³ of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes.