构造变形与热液成矿

本文以沂南金厂金铜矿田为例,提出本区热液成矿物质的迁移、聚集主要受成矿期构造形变的控制。成矿元素富集于构造变形强烈的部位,并且在变形构造的不同部位存在有不同类型的矿体。另外通过室内岩石力学实验,测取岩石的力学参数,进行应力场的反演,并以渗流力学理论来模拟矿液运移势的分布,从而定量的评价构造的控矿性。     

The Characteristics of Migration of Ore Solutions in No.6 East Tin Deposit of the Songshujiao Orefield, Gejiu

No. 6 East tin deposit in the Songshujiao orefield, Gejiu, is characterized by one-stage hydrothermal activity and monotonous country rocks. The authors selected this deposit and used the multivariate statistical analysis to study the types of association of main ore-forming elements at different temperatures and pressures and their distribution in the deposit. On that basis combined with the structural analysis of the deposit, the recto-geochemical features of No.6 East tin deposit have been revealed and the direction and channel of migration of the ore solutions in faults and the deposit have been deduced. This research can appropriately elucidate the control of faults on the migration of ore solutions and the sites where ore solutions are dispersed and accumulated, thus providing the theoretical basis for the prediction of hydrothermal deposits in question.     

中国东部地洼阶段应力场与锡成矿

中国东部地壳地洼阶段的热塑性变形应力场有利于锡成矿。构造应力场对锡成矿的控制作用,表现为对成矿域的矿液运移势和能量场的控制。推导获得矿液运移势的计算公式:Vi=-(a·K_0/u)·[exp(σ_1-σ_2)]·(σ_1+σ_2),表明地壳构造应力场对成矿域矿液的运移和成矿部位的选择提供了有利的动力学条件。     

阿尔金地区构造应力场及其对金属矿产分布的控制作用

构造应力场研究可以为区域矿产预测提供依据。主要根据节理、擦痕的测试分析，结合区域构造解析，确定阿尔金山东西向拉配泉－－红柳沟构造带经历了三期不同方向的应力作用：印支期以前的南北向挤压作用，印支－燕山期的北西－南东向的挤压和中生代晚期－新生代北东东－南南西向的挤压；并利用有限元数值模拟前两期构造应力场的演变过程，进而讨论了区域构造应力场对内生金属矿产分布规律的控制作用指出了区域寻找大型内生金属矿产的有利地段。     

山东文登金矿成矿动力学研究

本文通过古应力估算，流体包体研究，应变测量以及矿化蚀变规律研究，探讨了山东文登金矿的动力作用与金成矿的主要关系，认为构造动力作用的金成矿的主要原因，韧性剪切作用向韧－脆性变形作用的过渡过程是金成矿的必要条件之一。     

陕西镇安金龙山矿区构造演化及剪切带对金矿的控制作用

作者着重阐析了金龙山矿区变形发展４个阶段的几何学特征及变形机制，指出变形期对应于３个成矿期次。在对先存层状岩石的褶皱剪切带特征及序列进行了分析后，对由韧性剪切变形到脆性剪切变形过程中产生的金矿床进行了构造类型划分。     

Metallogenic mechanisms of super-large Cu and Au deposits in the Dexing region and simulating experiments

Based on the results of previous studies and under the direction of the theory of “ore deposit genesis”, the authors made use of high temperature and high pressure experimental facilities and conditions at the Tectono-geochemistry Research Room under the State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and put the focus on the multi-source of tectonically controlling ore-forming materials, the characteristics of multi-stage and multi-episode hydrothermal activities and mineralization and the characteristics of multi-genesis and multi-ore deposition so as to shed light on the metallogenic mechanisms of super-large Cu and Au deposits. In addition simulating experiments were made on multi-stage and multi-episode tectonic activities and rock and ore deformation, multi-stage and multi-episode tectonic activities and mobilization and migration of ore-forming materials, and multi-stage and multi-episode tectonic activities and superimposition and enrichment of ore-forming materials. The experimental results showed that under the action of multi-stage and multi-episode tectonic stress the deformation and fragmentation of not only rocks and ores have been intensified, and but also the ore-forming materials originally disbursed in the rocks and ores have been mobilized and migrated and superimposed and enriched. The experimental results also provided the scientific experimental data and grounds for deep-going research on the rules of metallogenesis and geneses of super-large ore deposits in the Dexing region, Jiangxi Province.     

黔东南锦屏金矿成矿模式的模拟实验

利用中国科学院地球化学研究所矿床地球化学国家重点实验室的实验设备对黔东南锦屏金矿进行了成矿模式的模拟实验。通过剪切实验,变形、破裂实验,成矿物质活化、迁移实验,成矿模式模拟实验和多次应力实验,获得了成矿物质以碎粒流和塑性流动的方式顺层及穿层充填并在褶曲核部富集的结果,多次应力实验使成矿物质叠加富集。实验结果初步证实了锦屏石英脉金矿的成矿模式,为该区构造控制金矿提供了重要的实验资料,也为今后研究该区金矿的成矿规律和找矿提供了有益的信息。     

胶东黄铁矿显微构造变形与金富集关系：黄铁矿EBSD组构和地球化学约束

载金黄铁矿显微构造变形与金富集关系可以从显微-超显微尺度揭示金成矿作用和地质过程,探讨金的再活化或再聚集作用。在胶东焦家金矿带成矿期识别出4种类型的黄铁矿,文章应用光学显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)和电子探针(EMPA)等技术方法,探讨黄铁矿显微构造特征、超微观结构与金的富集关系。结果显示:载金黄铁矿均不发育环带,其中w(Fe)为45.70%～46.85%,w(S)为52.57%～53.37%;显微构造变形既有脆性变形又有塑性变形;黄铁矿晶体优选方位(CPO)主要表现为平行于晶轴极密和复杂极密;黄铁矿晶格间距为0.58 nm,主要发育刃位错。焦家金矿带在金成矿作用过程中,可见金集合体经历了从复杂的纳米尺度到宏观尺度矿物载体富集的过程,包括成矿流体中金络合物、金-铋-硫族化合物富集等化学结构变化过程和纳米金、载金黄铁矿纳米颗粒、岩矿石显微-超显微构造微环境变化过程。因此,不同类型载金黄铁矿CPO受到化学结构变化和显微-超显微变形微环境变化的联合制约,间接反映出载金黄铁矿中金的富集与黄铁矿内部变形、表面形貌和结构缺陷有密切关系。     

黔东南锦屏-天柱地区构造控岩控金特征模拟实验及其力学分析

在前人工作基础上,侧重研究石英脉型金矿床成矿的地质背景,建立了该类型金矿的成矿模式。进而开展三轴温压条件下的成岩成矿实验,构造形变特征及其与成矿物质活化、迁移、富集之间的相互关系的模拟实验。实验结果表明:(1)该区岩石、矿石在高温高压条件下,产生塑性变形(褶皱)和脆性变形(破裂);(2)在变形过程中使成矿物质活化、迁移和富集,形成顺层及穿层的含金石英脉,并在多期多次变形过程中使成矿物质叠加富集;(3)在褶皱(背斜)轴部形成富矿体。模拟实验结果与所建立的该类型金矿构造控矿和成矿模式非常相似。实验资料的力学分析表明,由轴压所产生的构造附加压力大大地提高了实际围压,从而促进了岩石流变、变形和物质的迁移,由此促进含矿流体向构造附加压力小的部位定向迁移、充填和成矿。构造附加压力是促进该区金成矿的重要动力条件。     

黔西南普安铅锌矿区盆地尺度构造

贵州省普安铅锌矿区位于华南褶皱带西北缘的黔西南坳陷,矿体主要赋存在石炭系的白云质灰岩和白云岩中,构造控矿特征显著.NW-SE走向的二维地震剖面横穿了铅锌矿区,清晰地揭示了矿区的地层和NE向构造格架.从浅层的泥盆系至深层的新元古界,共标定了3个反射层和3个反射单元,据两个重要角度不整合面,矿区呈现为双层基底、单层盖层的"...     

拉日玛金矿床构造动力作用定位成矿特征研究

本文在对拉日玛金矿床区域地质背景、矿床构造基本特征研究的基础上，同步运用激光光弹模拟实验、动态重结晶石英、石英位错密度、应变藻球粒等方法与手段，对矿床构造不同变形区段、不同位置的构造能量、古应力（动力）的分布及作用，进行了配套研究。结果表明：成矿元素的活化、成矿流体运移势、矿体定位，固然受构造变形空间的控制，更为重要的是构造动力作用参与了成矿，并受动力作用强、弱的支配。因此，对于金矿床的形成而论，构造动力作用是决定的主因。     

五台山绿岩带主要金矿类型及构造控矿规律探讨

依据构造控矿为成矿主因、矿源层是物质基础,将五台山绿岩带金矿划分为3种主要类型:与次级褶皱有关的条带状铁建造型金矿床、与剪切变形有关的变质中酸性火山沉积岩型金矿床、与剪切变形有关的变质砾岩型金矿床.这些不同类型的金矿床构造控矿特征明显.五台山绿岩带的区域性倒转复式向斜构造制约了含矿带呈NEE向展布,大型紧闭褶皱转折端控制了矿床的定位,与紧闭褶皱伴生的剪切变形及次级褶皱控制着矿体的规模、形态和产状,剪切裂隙控制着金矿脉的分布和金矿化的局部富集.紧闭褶皱倒转翼部(近转折端)的剪切变形是五台山绿岩带金矿构造控矿的普遍规律.矿源层是物质基础,而经历了紧闭褶皱及伴生的剪切变形带叠加改造的矿源层才是最佳的成矿和找矿靶区.文章以构造控矿理论为指导,重点剖析了典型矿床的构造控矿特征,深入探讨了控矿构造对矿床定位、规模大小、矿体形态、富集程度的制约,认为褶皱与剪切变形不仅在于控矿,而且其本身就是一种重要的成矿作用,进而总结了五台山绿岩带金矿构造控矿的普遍规律.     

赵家堡子金矿矿床成因及其找矿标志

赵家堡子金矿位于猫岭-卧龙泉金矿化集中区,是典型的中低温热液矿床。通过区域变质作用,使岩层中的Au、Ag等成矿元素活化,随着变质热液运移到有利的构造部位初步富集;通过应力作用,使岩石发生塑性变形,形成了北西向的韧性剪切带。同时,使Au、Ag等成矿元素再次活化转移、富集;通过后期构造岩浆的大面积侵入,形成了叠加在韧性剪切带之上的北西向韧-脆性断裂和北东向的脆性断裂,同时宏大的热源使地层中的Au再次活化、迁移、富集,同岩浆所带来的大量成矿物质一起在有利的构造部位富集成矿,是本区金矿的主要成矿阶段。     

Isotope Geological Studies of Granite-Type Uranium Deposits in South China

The uranium-bearing granites in South China can be classified into two types. namely, syntectic type andtransformation type. A fairly systematic hydrogen, oxygen. carbon, sulfur isotopic study of uranium depositsrelated to these two types of granites has been carried out by the authors, and the results show that they haveobvious differences in such aspects as ore-forming and rock-forming ages. properties of ore-forming solutionsand source of ore-forming substances. The authors hold that the uranium deposits related to the syntectic typegranitoids are intimately connected with magmatism in time and space, whereas the uranium deposits relatedto the transformation type granites, though spatially linked up with uranium-bearing granites, should actuallyowe their formation to extension in the fault block movement in South China.     

On the metallogenesis of Dajing Cu-Sn-polymetallic ore deposit, Inner Mongolia, China

The Dajing Cu-Sn-polymetallic ore deposit is famous for its large scale, abundant associated elements, narrow and closely-spaced development of ore veins and high grade, but exploration within the mining district and its deeper parts has revealed no Yanshanian rockbody. Therefore, there have been proposed a diversity of hypotheses on the genesis of the deposit. The authors, from the angle of mantle-branch structure, provided evidence showing that the mining district is located in the core of the Da Hinggan Ling mantle-branch structure, the multi-stage evolution of mantle plume paved the way for the ascending of deep-source ore fluids and these fluids extracted part of the ore-forming materials. Then, these ore-forming materials were concentrated in the favorable structural loci (e.g. structural fissures) to form ores. The orientation of ore-forming and ore-controlling fissures is closely related to the regionally structural stress field at the metallogenic stage. The zonation of Sn, Cu, Au, Ag, Pb, and Zn within the mining district appears to be related to metallogenesis and the crystallization temperature of ore-forming materials. Mineralization of Sn, Cu, Au, etc. which require relatively high crystallization temperature and pressure is in most cases recognized in the central part of the mining district, while that of Ag, Pb, Zn, etc. which require relatively low crystallization temperature and pressure is, for the most part, produced in the periphery of the mining district.     

陕西马元地区楠木树铅锌矿床成矿物质来源——来自氢、氧同位素和微量元素的制约

为进一步探讨楠木树铅锌矿床的成矿物质来源,文章对矿床中的25件岩矿石样品进行了系统的微量元素分析,并对矿床中不同阶段的热液脉石矿物进行了包裹体测温和氢、氧同位素测试。结果表明,Pb、Zn等成矿元素在郭家坝组地层中明显富集,而基底变质岩中Pb、Zn元素的丰度明显低于地壳岩石圈丰度;与成矿元素密切相关的元素Ag、Cd、Ge、In在寒武系郭家坝组地层中富集,在基底岩石中亏损;矿石中Ag、Cd、Ge、In等元素的含量明显高于未矿化的围岩。元素迁移分析表明流体运移过程中成矿热液萃取了Zn、Pb及其密切相关的Ag、Cd、Ge、In等组分,使Zn、Pb等成矿组分进一步富集。氢、氧同位素组成显示,与铅锌矿密切相关的石英样品落入变质水范围内,且靠近有机水范围,晚期方解石样品向雨水线漂移,表明早期成矿流体可能来自于深部的盆地卤水,在向上运移的过程中流经富含有机质的地层或有有机流体的加入,晚期有大气降水和海水的加入。     

南堡凹陷北部东营末期构造应力场与油气运移关系的探讨

依据翔实的勘探开发资料 ,利用构造应力场数值模拟方法 ,计算了南堡凹陷新生代东营末期构造应力场的分布特征 ;进而计算出流体势的分布特征 ;探讨了应力作用对油气运移的影响 ,分析了地应力与孔隙压力和流体势的关系 ;指出了油气运移的优选方向。     

马超营断裂带流体系统地球化学特征

在研究马超营断裂带主要金矿床的流体包裹体组成及成分特征基础上, 综合分析归纳了流体系统地球化学特征, 研究了流体的组成、来源及演化特征, 认为成矿流体具有低盐度、弱碱性及较高矿化度的混合成因特点, 早期成矿流体以深源为主, 晚期则混有大量大气水演化形成, 分析了影响流体演化的控制因素及金等成矿物质在流体中的迁移、沉淀机制, 提出流体活动是成矿作用的核心, 对成矿流体系统的研究, 有助于从本质上揭示马超营断裂带金矿成矿条件和成因, 更好地认识金矿成矿规律与进行成矿预测。     

诸广山中部鹿井铀矿田构造解析与找矿远景探讨

诸广山中部是华南主要产铀地区之一,以鹿井矿田为研究对象,开展构造变形特征和构造控矿规律的研究,旨在揭示矿体产出规律,为找矿预测提供依据。本文基于野外详细观测和显微构造变形分析,揭示NE向断裂是鹿井地区主要控矿和含矿断裂,属浅层次构造变形,具有多期构造-热液活动特征:经历了早期(晚侏罗世—早白垩世)的压性、中期(早白垩世—古近纪)的张-张扭性和晚期(新近纪)的右行压扭性变形过程。铀矿(化)体主要发育在NE向断裂破碎带中,结合铀成矿时代,主成矿期断裂力学性质表现为张性、张扭性,后期NE向断裂右行压扭变形派生出近EW向、NW向和NS(NNE)向的剪裂隙,一方面对先成铀矿体具有改造作用,另一方面富集部分铀矿体。根据构造组合特征及其控矿规律,认为NE向断裂破碎带中,沿走向存在不连续的脉状、透镜状富铀矿体,而在其他方位的断裂带中可能存在部分铀矿体。